牛津深圳版中考英语复习语法专题 代词 讲义

第第页中考语法复习：代词定义：用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可分为：人称代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词、相互代词和不定代词等。一、人称代词和物主代词1.表示“你…‘我…‘他／她／它”“你们”“我们”“他／她／它们”的词叫人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格宾格单数复数单数复数第一人称Iwemeus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he/she/ittheyhim/her/itthem2.物主代词就是表示所属关系的代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两大类。形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数复数单数复数第一人称myournineours第二人称youryouryoursyours第三人称histheirhistheirsherhersitsits例题1MrsSmithoftengoestovisitthoseAIDSpatientsinhospitalstocheer____up.A.her B.them C.him D.us例题2If________isahigh-Stressjob,itisimportantthatyoulearnhowtorelaxafterabusyday.A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself注意：1.几个人称代词并列充当主语时,它们的顺序是：单数：“二、三、一”you,he/sheandI复数：“一、二、三”we,youandthey2.形容词性物主代词只能放在名词前作定语。如：mypenpal我的笔友hername她的名字3.名词性物主代词常用来避免前面已经提及的名词,相当于“形容词性物主代词十名词”。如：Thisbookismine.Yoursisonyourdesk.这本书是我的。你的在你桌子上。3.代词“it”的特殊用法(1)表示天气、时间和距离等。Itwaswetalldayyesterday.昨天一整天都是小雨不断。（指天气）Whattimeisit?It'snineo'clock.几点了?九点了。（指时间）It'sabouttwohours'walk.涉行大约两个小时。（指距离）(2)it用于打电话时,指人。“Hello,itisSusan.”“喂,我是苏姗。”(3)用it代替婴儿或小孩或身份不明的人。Lookatthebaby,ithasjustfallenasleep.看那个孩子,她刚睡着。(4)it作形式主语或形式宾语。Itispolitetosayhellotootherswhenyoumeetthem.当你遇到别人时,打声招呼是礼貌行为。（形式主语）Shefounditeasytofinishalltheexercises.她觉得做完所有的练习很容易。（形式宾语）(5)it用于强调句型。例如：Itisherfatherwhoisapoliceman.原来她的父亲是一名警察。ItwasawatchthatIreceivedonmybirthday.我生日那天收到的是一块手表。例题1一Who'sthatatthedoor,Tony?____________isthepostman,Ithink.A.He B.It C.This D.That例题2Hethought___interestingtoreadcomicbooks.A.it's B.that C.this D.it二、反身代词和指示代词1.反身代词表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他／她／它（们）自己”的代词。反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves熟记反身代词构成的固定短语。leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下helponeself随便吃loseoneselfin陶醉于saytooneself自言自语teachoneself/learn.,.byoneself自学enjoyoneself过得愉快／玩得开心cometooneself苏醒2.指示代词：英语表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词,叫作指示代词。常用的指示代词有this,these,that,those等。注意：this和these表示时间和空间较近的人或物;that和those表示时间和空间较远的人或物。打电话时用this介绍自己,用that介绍对方。例题1ThesongIbelieveIcanflytellsusthatbelievingin____________isveryimportant.A.themselves B.itself C.ourselves D.myself例题2DoyouthinkthecarsmadeinJapanbetterthan_______inGermany?Notexactly.A.that B.those C.one D.ones例题3Whotaught_______skating?Nobody,Ilearntitby____________.A.your;myself B.you;me C.you;myself三、不定代词不定代词：指那些比较笼统地表示人或事物的代词。肯定性不定代词有：both,all,many,every,each,other,another,afew,alittle,either,someone,something,anyone,anything,everybody,everything筹。否定性不定代词有：no,neither,none,nobody,nothing。常用不定代词辨析1.afew/few与alittle/little词汇用法例句few意为“几乎没有”,表示否定意义。修饰可数名词的复数。I'mnewhere.Ihavefewfriendshere.我是新来的,这儿几乎没有朋友。afew意为“有一些,有一点”,表示肯定意义。修饰可数名词的复数。Wehaveafewminutestodoit我们还有几分钟来做那件事情。little意为“几乎没有”,表示否定意义。修饰不可数名词。Wehavelittletime,pleasehurryup.我们几乎没有时间了,请快点。alittle意为“有一些,有一点”,表示肯定意义。修饰不可数名词。Thereisalittlewaterintheglass.杯子里有一点水。2.both,neither,either,all,none与any词汇用法常用短语例句both（两者）都both…and………和……（两者）都Boththeboysareclever.两个男孩都很聪明。neither（两者）都不neither...nor...既不……也不……Neitherofthetwoboysisclever.两个男孩都不聪明。either（两者中的）任一个either...or…或者……或者……／要么……要么……Thereareflowersoneithersideofthestreet.街道旁边有花。all（三者以上）所有的,全部的人或物allof…（三者以上）都Alltheflowersaregone.所有的花都谢了。none（三者以上）都不noneof（三者以上）都不Ilikenoneoftheflowers.这些花我都不喜欢。any（三者以上）任何一个anyother+名词单数：其他任何一个ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.上海比中国任何一个其他的城市都要大。3.other,theother,others,theothers与another词汇用法例句other意为“别的;其他的”,后接名词。Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?你还有其他的问题吗?theother指（两者中的）另一个（人或物）,常用词组one…theother...意为“一个……另一个……”。ShehastwosonsOneisinBeijing,theotherisinShanghai.她有两个儿子。一个在北京,另一个在上海。others泛指“其他的人或物”,相当于other+名词复数。Healwayshelpsothers(=otherpeople).他总是帮助别人。常用词组some…others…意为“一些……,另一些……”。TherearelotsofpeopleintheparkSomearedancing,andothersareboating.公园里有许多人,有些人在跳舞,有些人在划船。theothers意为“剩余的人或事物”,特指在一个整体中剩余的全部。Therearefortystudentsinourclass.Thirtyofuscometoschoolbybike,theothersallwalktoschool.我们班有40个学生。其中有30人骑自行车上学,其余的都步行上学。another意为“另一个”,指三者或三者以上的另一个人或物。常用于another+可数名词单数或another+数词十可数名词复数Idon'tlikethisone.Pleasegivemeanotherone.我不喜欢这个,请给我另一个。例题JennyandPeter,couldyoutellmesomethingaboutthenewfilm?Sorry,__________ofushaseverseenit. A.either B.none C.both D.neither倒题2一Smokingbringsmealotofideas.Stopthat!Afterall,_________ismoreimportantthanhealth.A.nothing B.something C.anythingD.everything例题3一CanyouspeakChinese,Steve?Yes,only__________.IhavebeeninChinaforonlyonemonth. A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle四、疑问代词常用的疑问代词有5个,常被称作-wh疑问词,即who,whose,whom,what,which。它们一般有格的变化,用来表示人或物。who,whom（宾格）和whose(所有格)用于指人,what用于指物,which可以指人,也可以指物。例题1一I'llgotoLondonnextmonth.________for?A.Why B.How C.Which D.What例题2一Doyouknow___________thisiphone5belongsto?Letmesee.Oh,it's__________.A.whose;her B.whose;hers C.who;her D.who;hers反身代词1.Look!Someclimbersaretryinghardtopull________(they)uptherocks.2.Scientistshavenewlydiscoveredsomethingshowinghowthebodyrepairs_______(本身)whilewearesleeping.物主代词3.1.Tomlikeshidingthebookunderthebed,whileJackandIhide________(us)behindthedoor.关系代词4.Ourteacherwassosatisfiedwiththestudent________wonthecompetition________shepresentedhimwithabigprize.A.who;thatB.who;asC.that;whichD./;that不定代词5.--Iamsothirsty.Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?--Sorry.Thereis_______inthefridge.A.nothingB.nooneC.anythingD.none6.Doyouknowhowmanyhamburgersandsandwichesthereareinthefridge?______.Infact,thereis______init.Lookattheemptyfridge.A.Nothing;noneB.None;nothingC.Neither;noneD.Nothing;none7.—Whoisintheclassroom?—________________.Look!Thestudentsareplayingoutside.A.NoneB.NobodyC.NothingD.Anybody8.WhatanamazingfilmBeautyandtheBeastis!Iagree.Butyouknowitwon’tbelikedby______.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.everybodyD.somebody指示代词9.Yourhometownisreallynice!Theairqualityisasgoodas______ofSanya.A.itB.oneC.thatD.theone10.Ican'tfindthemagazineIboughtthismorning.Well,Jackisreading___________overthere.Whynotgoandseeifitisyours?A.itB.thatC.oneD.some11.Whenshallwehaveapicniclikethisagain?Makeit_________dayyoulike.A.oneB.otherC.anotherD.some单选题考点：1)不定代词it,one,thatone是同类但不同物表泛指，it就是指代上面所说的哪一个，that是同类但不同物表特指It用法总结：1)指代天气，时间，距离等2)指代性别不明的人：-Whoisknockingonthedoor?”-Itmustbethepostman.3)做形式主语：itisadjof/forsb.todoIttakessb.sometimetodoItisawastetimetodoItissaid/reported/believedthat4)it做形式宾语：make/find/thinkitadj.todo/从句例题：26.__________Mike’ssisterhaveacomputer?Sorry.Idon’tthinkshehas____________.A.Do;itB.Does;oneC.Do;oneD.Does;it27.Idon’tmake________clearwhenandwheretheparents’meetingwillbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.it28.Themapsays________isabout1300kilometers__________fromShanghaitoBeijing.A.it;awayB.that;farawayC.it;farD.that;away29.WeallknowthatthegravityonMarsisonlyabout_________of__________onEarth.A.three-eighths;theoneB.three-eighth;theoneC.three-eighths;thatD.three-eighth;that2)不定代词both,either,neither,none,allA.both,either,neither是两者，none,all表示三者及以上。both两者都，either两者中任意一个，neither两者都不。all是都，none是都不。B.作主宾定谓语动词的单复数：Neitheroftheanswersiscorrect.两个答案都不对。BothofTheanswersaren’tcorrect.两个答案并不都对。Noneofthequestionsare/isimportant.C.neither...nor...既不……也不……either...or...要么……要么……notonly…butalso...不但……而且……both...and既……又……前三个谓语动词用就近原则，后一个谓语动词复数。D.Neither/nor+be/情态/助动词+主语表示……也不。So+be/情态/助动词+主语表示……也是。（注意主将从现规则）例题：30.Coffeewithsugarormilk?_____________.I’dlikeanythingbutblackcoffee.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None31.Whichchanneldoyouprefer,CCTV3orCCTV5?_________isOK.Ireallydon’tmind.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither32.Iwenttovisityourparentsat8:00p.m.yesterday,butnobodywasin.Oh,________ofuswereenjoyingawonderfulconcertatthatmoment.A.bothB.noneC.allD.Neither33.Teaorjuice?___________.Iprefercoffee__________milk.A.Either;withB.Neither;withoutC.Both;toD.Neither;tofew,little,afew,alittle,abit,abitof,alittlebitfew、afew加可数名词复数。Few是几乎没有，态度消极；afew是有一点，态度积极；little加不可数名词，几乎没有，态度消极。alittle可加形容词副词及比较级：alittlecold/colder/slowly。Alittle还可加不可数名词，表示有一点，态度积极：alittlewater.alittle还能加可数名词单数，表示一个小……：alittlesheep；abit=alittlebit加形容词副词或比较级：abitcold/colder/slowly;abitof+不可数名词。例题：34.Grandpahas___________sleepbeforemidnight.Thatiswhyhealwaysgets_________sleepyinthedaytime.A.alittle;abitofB.little;littleC.little;abitD.abit;alittleofother,another,theother,theothers;others;anyother有the表特指，要有范围；有s的后面不能加名词，本身是复数。Another+名词单数或者another+数字=数字+more表示还要多少。Other+名词复数或者不可数名词。Anyother是范围中的任何一个，后面加名词单数。例题：35.Guangzhouisbiggerthan__________inJiangsu.A.anyothercityB.anyothercitiesC.anycityD.othercity36.ThoughtheMathsproblemis________difficult,yet__________studentscanworkitout.A.toomuch;fewB.muchtoo;afewC.toomuch;afewD.muchtoo;fewnone和nothing：None指某个具体的东西没有了。如果文中有具体东西出现，或者用howmany/howmuch提问，则要选none.nothing指什么都没有。如果文中没有具体东西出现，或者用what提问，则要选nothing。例题：37.Doyoudrinkmuchcoffeeasbefore?No,_______atall.Mysleepingproblemisgettingworse.A.noneB.littleC.nothingD.anything38.Howmanylettershaveyougotfromyouronlinefriendssincelastyear?________________.We’rejustchattingwitheachotherwhenwe’refree.A.NothingB.NoneC.NeitherD.Noone复合不定代词：one/body表人；thing表物every-表所有；any-表任何；some-表某个；no-表没有肯定句：四个都能选，看句意。否定句：只能选every-和any-。Every在否定句中表示部分否定，有的这样有的不这样。Any在否定句中全盘否定，都不=no。一般疑问句：排除no，every问所有的都这样吗，any表有东西/人这样吗，some可以用于表示建议或请求的疑问句。例题：39.Iknewmostoftheguestsattheparty,butIdidn’tknow____________.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD.Nobody40.__________believedthatarobberyhappenedherelastnightuntilthepoliceappeared.A.NobodyB.EverybodyC.SomebodyD.Anybody41.You’vegotsomanybooks.Couldyoupleaselendme_________toread?A.anythingB.nothingC.somethingD.everything词汇填空题考点：宾格，名词性物主代词，反身代词宾格一般是考一些会有学生误以为是反身代词的题：如：takesthwithsb.只能填宾格，不能填反身代词。Itmayhurtyou.发出者和承受者不是同一人，只能填宾格。名词性物主代词：上一句一定有某人的某物出现，下一句说另一个人的来对比。反身代词：1)主语后面一定是反身代词。2)固定短语：helponeselftobyoneselfkeep...tooneselfenjoyoneself（注意yourselves）3)makeoneselfunderstood/heard【练习】1.Wow,somanynewbuildings!Butitusedtobeapoorvillage.Yes._____________haschangedinourhometown.A.Nothing B.Nobody C.EverythingD.Everybody2.CouldIuseyoure-dictionary,Mary?Sorry,butIhaven'tgot_____________.Aone B.it C.this D.that3.I'dlikesomemoreapplejuice.Sorry,there's__________left.A.nothingB.none C.fewD.afew4.Isthere______________intoday'snewspaper?Yes,quitealot.A.anythinginteresting B.somethinginterestingC.interestinganything D.interestingsomething5.I'mafraidIwon'tpasstheexam.Comeon,Bill.Youshouldbelievein_______.That'sthesecretofsuccess.A.myself B.ourselves C.yourselfD.yourselves6.Everyonemakesmistakesinhisorherlife.Theimportantthingisnottorepeat_________.A.it B.them C.him D.her7.Whatwouldyouliketodrink?I'mverythirsty.___________youcanget.Justgetitnow.A.Anything B.Something C.NothingD.Otherthings8.Yourhometownisreallynice!Theairqualityisasgoodas________ofSanya.Ait Bone C.that D.theone9.MrWuteaches__________English.Wealllike_____________.A.our;him B.us;him C.us;herD.our;her10.Oh,TheOldManAndTheSea!Whosebookisit?It's_____________.A.I B.me C.my D.mine11.Whichofthetwosubjectsdoyoulike,PEormusic?_________________.Theyarereallyinteresting.A.Neither B.Both C.NoneD.All12.______________T-shirtisthis?Ithinkit'sTom's.A.WhoseB.Which C.WhatD.Who13.NowadaysIcanchooseonlinecoursesandstudyby____________.A.I B.me C.my D.myself14.Idon'tlike__________watch.Ilike____________.Ame;yourB.my;your C.me;yoursD.my;yours15.JiefangbeiisnotfarfromChaotianmenYoucaneasilyvisit________inaday.Aeach B.none C.both D.neither16.Ourteacherwasveryhappybecause___________failedtheexaminationA.somebodyB.nobody C.anybodyD.everybody17.Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallby_________lastweek.Wow,youaresosmart!A.me B.my C.mine D.myself18.UnfortunatelyIwassittingatthetablewithsmokerson__________sideofme.A.either B.both C.other D.all19.TheEastLakeisnotfarfromtheYellowCraneTower,soyoucaneasilyvisit_________inaday.Fantastic!Ican'twaitforit.A.none B.both C.all D.either20.HaveyouwatchedtheTVreportaboutMERS?Yes,it's___________newdangerousdisease（疾病）.A.theotherB.another C.othersD.other21.Excuseme,mayIuseyourbicycle?__________isbroken.Certainly.Butremembertoreturnitbeforelunch.A.I B.Me C.Myself D.Mine22.Iwaslookingforabirthdaygiftformymother,butIcouldn'tfind________suitable.A.something B.anything C.nothingD.everything23.I'11dothewashing-up.Jack,wouldyoupleasedothefloors?Why__________?Susanissittingtheredoingnothing.Aher B.she C.I D.me24.Thisworkneedscloseteamwork._______willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.ANothing B.Anything C.SomethingD.Everything25.Thisbookonidiomsisinteresting.I'dlike________,wheredidyoubuyit,Simon?IntheAmazonBookstore.A.it B.this C.that D.one26.PeopleusuallyliketheTVchannelswithfunnierprogrammesbut_______advertisements.A.few B.little C.fewer D.less27.Johnisfondofswimming.Hishobbyisdifferentfrom_____________.A.I B.me C.my D.mine28.Nowteenagersareverybusywiththeirschoolworkandtheyhave____tim