对大自然的热爱竟是遗传的

名师精讲外刊对大自然的热爱竟是遗传的？Loveofnatureisinthegenes,sayscientists名师精讲外刊有人喜欢宅在家中，有人喜欢亲近自然，这到底是后天养成的习惯，还是先天的基因表达，近期有科学家对此进行了研究。该研究是如何进行的？运用了怎样的方法？得出了怎样的结论？一起来看今天的外刊文章。课前问题1.如何表示“同卵双胞胎”和“异卵双胞胎”？2.该研究最终认为哪两个因素影响了对大自然的热爱？导读名师精讲外刊Loveofnatureisinthegenes,sayscientists名师精讲外刊StudyoftwinssuggestsdesiretobeinnaturalspacesisinfluencedbygeneticfactorsAperson'sloveofnatureispartiallyinherited,alarge-scalestudyoftwinshasfound.【基础解析】partialadj.1）部分的；不完全的【释】notcompleteorwhole【例】Itwasonlyapartialsolutiontotheproblem.那只是部分地解决了这个问题。2）偏向一方的，偏袒的，偏心的【释】influencedbythefactthatyoupersonallypreferorapproveofsomething,sothatyoudonotjudgefairly【例】Thereportinginthepapersisentirelypartial.报纸上的报道完全不客观。名师精讲外刊Aperson'sloveofnatureispartiallyinherited,alarge-scalestudyoftwinshasfound.【拓展延伸】biasedadj.偏袒一方的；有偏见的【释】showinganunreasonablelikeordislikeforapersonbasedonpersonalopinions【例】Thenewspapersgaveaverybiasedreportofthemeeting.报纸对会议的报道明显偏袒一方。名师精讲外刊ScientistsfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporestudiedhowmuchtimetwinsspentinnaturalspacescomparedwitheachotherandfoundthattheysharedasimilarlevelofdesiretobeinnature.【基础解析】sharev.共有(特点)【释】Ifonepersonorthingsharesaqualityorcharacteristicwithanother,theyhavethesamequalityorcharacteristic.【例】Theysharedacommoninterestinbotany.他们都对植物学感兴趣。精讲试听结束"Thereasonwedecidedtostudythisintwinsisthatwecouldestimateheritabilitybasedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins(100%)versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins(50%),"saidChia-chenChang,wholedthestudy.【长难句分析】"Thereason(宾语从句主语)wedecidedtostudythisintwins(定语从句，修饰主语)is(系动词)thatwecouldestimateheritability(表语从句)basedonthegeneticsimilaritiesinidenticaltwins(100%)versusgeneticsimilaritiesinnon-identicaltwins(50%)(过去分词结构作方式状语),"said(主句谓语)Chia-chenChang(主句主语),wholedthestudy(定语从句)."Ifatrait,suchasthedesiretobeinnature,isclearlymoresimilarbetweenidenticaltwinsthannon-identicaltwins,thiswillthensuggestatraitisheritable."【基础解析】traitn.（个人的）特征，特性，品质【释】aparticularcharacteristicthatcanproduceaparticulartypeofbehaviour【例】Hissenseofhumourisoneofhisbettertraits.具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。【拓展延伸】显性性状：dominanttrait隐性性状：recessivetraitShesaidthatthosewholiveinurbanenvironmentswithoutaccesstonaturecouldenduphavingalesserappreciationofit,explaining:"Wedidnottestthisinourstudybutitispossiblebecausepreviousstudieshaveshownthatspendingtimeinnatureislinkedtoincreasedloveofnature."【基础解析】endup最后处于；最后成为；以……告终【释】tofinallybeinaparticularplaceorsituation【例】Afterworkingherwayaroundtheworld,sheendedupteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguage.靠打工游遍世界后，她最后做了教师，教外国人学英语。UsingtheTwinsUKregistry,researcherssurveyed1,153pairsoftwins-identicalandnon-identical-abouthowtheyexperiencednature.Thetwinswereaskedtoratetheirfamiliaritywithanddesiretobeinnature,andhowfrequentlytheyvisitnaturalspacessuchaspublicparksandprivategardens.Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【长难句分析】Thestudy(主句主语),publishedinPlosBiology(过去分词短语作后置定语),found(主句谓语)thatidentical(monozygotic)twins(宾语从句主语),whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes(定语从句，修饰identicaltwins),were(宾语从句系动词)moresimilar(宾语从句表语)toeachother(介宾短语)intheirorientationtowardsnature(in的宾语1)andhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins(how引导的宾语从句，作in的宾语2),whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial(定语从句，修饰fraternaltwins).Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【基础解析】orientationn.（某人的）特别喜好，价值取向，信仰观念【释】theparticularthingsthatapersonprefers,believes,thinks,orusuallydoes【例】Weemploypeoplewithoutregardtotheirpoliticalorsexualorientation.我们雇用人时并不考虑其政治或性取向。Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【基础解析】fraternaladj.兄弟的，手足的【释】relatingtobrothers【例】fraternalrivalry兄弟间的竞争Thestudy,publishedinPlosBiology,foundthatidentical(monozygotic)twins,whosharealmost100%oftheirgenes,weremoresimilartoeachotherintheirorientationtowardsnatureandhowfrequentlytheyvisitednaturecomparedwithfraternal(dizygotic)twins,whoshareabout50%oftheirgeneticmaterial.【拓展延伸】maternaladj.母亲的；母亲般的【释】connectedwithbeingamother【例】maternalinstincts母亲的天性paternaladj.父亲的【释】connectedwithbeingafather;typicalofakindfather【例】paternallove父爱However,heritabilitydeclinedwithage,perhapsshowingthatenvironmentalfactorssuchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringaboutaloveoftheoutdoorsasonegrowsolder.【长难句分析】However,heritability(主语)declined(谓语)withage,perhapsshowing(现在分词作伴随状语)that(that引导宾语从句，作showing的宾语)environmentalfactors(宾语从句主语)suchasaccesstonatureandgreenspacesbringabout(宾语从句谓语)aloveoftheoutdoors(宾语从句宾语)asonegrowsolder(时间状语从句).Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.【长难句分析】Forthefirsttime(时间状语),theresearcherssay(插入语),thisstudy(主语)hasindicated(谓语)whythatis(宾语从句)bysuggesting(方式状语)thereislikelytobeageneticcomponent(宾语从句，作suggesting的宾语)inourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces(介词短语作后置定语，修饰component).Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandourlikelihoodtovisitnaturalspaces.【基础解析】predispositionn.倾向；癖性；（易患某种病的）体质【释】aconditionthatmakessb/sthlikelytobehaveinaparticularwayortosufferfromaparticulardisease【例】ageneticpredispositiontoliverdisease易患肝病的遗传体质Whilepreviousstudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturalspacesimprovesmentalwellbeing,thisvariesfrompersontoperson.Forthefirsttime,theresearcherssay,thisstudyhasindicatedwhythatisbysuggestingthereislikelytobeageneticcomponentinourpredispositionstowardsnatureandour