中考英语一轮复习语法题型满分练习专题22 阅读理解+说明文+-（含解析）

专题二十二阅读理解类型三说明文人与自我－生活与学习Passage1(2022江苏连云港)Didyouknowthatvocabulary(词汇)ismoreimportantthangrammar?Ifyouhavegoodvocabulary,youcancommunicatesuccessfully,evenifthegrammarisnotcompletelyperfect.However,onecommonproblemislearningnewwordsandthenforgettingthem.Sowhenyouwanttouseanewwordinaconversation,youcan'trememberitatthatmoment.Doesthisoftenhappentoyou?Thereasonforthisdifficultyisthatmoststudentstrytolearnvocabularybystudyinglistsanddictionariesandrememberingthewords.Butitmaynotworkifyoudon'thaveaverygoodmemory.Thebestwaytolearnvocabularyandrememberthewordssuccessfullyistolearnnewwordsandusethematonce.Youcandothiswithaverysimpleexercise.Everytimeyoulearnanewword,forexample,fromanEnglishlessonoranarticle,writeitdowninyourvocabularynotebook.Writingismoreactivethanjustreadingadefinition(释义).Youshouldwritetheword,thedefinitioninEnglishortranslation,oneexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionaryandoneexamplesentencethatyoucreate.Imagineyoujustlearntheword“generous”;writeinyourvocabularynotebook:generous(adjective),definition-givingorwillingtogivefreely.Exampleone,fromthearticle:Thanksforpayingformydinner;you'reverygenerous.Exampletwo,myexample:Mybrotherisgenerousbecausehevolunteersattheanimalshelteronweekends.It'sbestifyourexamplesentencesaretruetoyourlife,becausethiscreatesapersonalconnectionwiththenewword.Thenextday,readyourvocabularynotebookagainandtrytoaddonemoreexamplesentenceusingthenewword.It'shelpfulforyoutorememberit.Thesetwosimplesteps-writingthewordandusingitatonce-helpyourememberandusenewwords.Doyouhaveavocabularynotebook?Ifnot,startnow.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A.Theproblem.B.Thenewword.C.Theconversation.D.Thedictionary.2.What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingstepsoftakingvocabularynotes?①Makeyourownexamplesentence.②Writetheword,itsEnglishdefinitionortranslation.③Copyanexamplesentencefromthearticleordictionary.④Readyournotebookagainandaddonemoreexamplesentence.A.②③①④B.②③④①C.③④②①D.③②①④3.Howcanwemakethebestexamplesentencesaccordingtothewriter?A.Byaskingforhelpfromfriends.B.Byexplainingwords'definitions.C.Byconnectingthemwithourlife.D.Byaddingwordsfromthearticle.4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TipsforTranslatingWordsB.AdviceonUsingGrammarC.AbilitiesofCreatingExamplesD.WaysofLearningNewWords答案:语篇解读本文主要介绍了英语学习中增加词汇量的方法。最佳方法是学后立即使用。先在笔记本上写出生词及英文定义或者翻译，再摘录并创造跟生活关联紧密的例句，可以帮助你有效地记忆并使用生词。子主题为“积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思”。1.B代词指代题。根据“onecommonproblemislearningnewwordsandthenforgettingthem”可知这里指的是学习生词然后又忘记了。再结合上文“whenyouwanttouseanewword”可知这里的it就是指代“thenewword”。2.A排序题。根据第三、四段内容可知，第一步在笔记本上记下生词及英文解释或翻译；第二步从文章中或字典中摘录例句；第三步创作自己的例句；第四步复习词汇笔记再增添一个例句加以巩固。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It'sbestifyourexamplesentencesaretruetoyourlife,becausethiscreatesapersonalconnectionwiththenewword.”可知选C.4.D最佳标题题。全文分成五段，从阐述词汇学习的重要性到介绍生词学习的方法，并举例说明如何具体操作。所有的内容都是在围绕词汇学习的方法来展开的。Passage2(2022四川南充)Atreehasroots.Peoplehaverootstoo.Ifyougettotherootofaproblem,youwillsolveit.It'sthesamethingwithwords.Digdeeplyintoabig,unfamiliarwordandyouwillunderstandwhereitcamefrom.Asreaders,especiallythosereadinginasecondlanguage,weneedtodealwiththetextasifweweredetectives(侦探)lookingforinformationtounlocktheunknown.Likeanygooddetectivearrivingonthecrimescene,thefirstthingtodowhenmeetinganewanddifficultwordistojudgethesituation,tolookateverythingthatisknownandseeifithelpsustounderstandwhatitmeans.Asyouknow,prefixes(前缀)andsuffixes(后缀)canbeaddedtothebeginningorendofwordstochangethemeaning.Knowthem,andyouwillhavethewordbuildingpower.Butrootwordsarethekey.Taketimetolearnafewofthese,puttheminyourmemory,andyouwillbecomeamasterworddetective.Let'slookatonecommonrootwordusedinEnglish.“Alter”fromtheLatinwordmeans“other”.Whenyoumeetthisrootword,youknowthatthebiggerwordhassomethingtodowith“other”.Examinetheword“alternate”.CanyoufindtheLatinrootinit?●Ifyouandyourfriendliketoeatout,firstyoupayandtheotherpaysthenexttime.Youarealternatingpaying.●IfyougotothemoviesonalternateSaturdays,yougoononeSaturday,butnottheotherSaturday.●Ifyouhavenoalternative,youhavenootherchoice.Learnasmanyrootwordsaspossibleinthelanguageyouarestudying.Thenuseyour“rootingforwords”skills.Likeanynewskill,practiceandhardworkarealwayspaidback.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph2referto?A.Thesituation.B.Thecrimescene.C.Anewanddifficultword.D.Everythingthatisknown.2.IfJimandLilygotothemovies,whichonebelowis“alternatingpaying”?A.Theyeachpayhalf.B.Jimpayseverytime.C.Theytaketurnspaying.D.Theirparentspayforthem.3.Howdoestheauthorexplainhisideasaboutrootwords?A.Bygivingafact.B.Bytakinganexample.C.Bytellingastory.D.Byhavingadiscussion.4.“Sen”fromtheLatinwordmeans“old”.WhichwordusesthisLatinroot?A.Mybrotherismyseniorbytwoyears.B.Hewasillsohewasabsentfromschool.C.Acriminalwassentencedtodeathbylaw.D.60studentswerepresentatthesportsmeeting.5.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure(结构)ofthepassage?(①=paragraph1②=paragraph2,...)ABCD答案:语篇解读文章介绍了根据词根学习语言的一些方法。子主题为“积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思”。1.C代词指代题。根据第二段第二句可知，当遇到一个新的、难的单词时，第一件要做的事情是判断情况，研究所有已知的内容，看看这些内容是否有助于我们理解“它”的意思。此处“it”指的是“一个新的、难的单词”。2.C词义理解题。根据方框中的＂Ifyouandyourfriendliketoeatout,firstyoupayandtheotherpaysthenexttime.Youarealternatingpaying.”可知，如果你和你的朋友喜欢出去吃饭，你先付钱，下次由对方付钱，这样就是“轮流付钱”。3.B写作手法题。根据第四段内容可知，作者通过举例来解释对词根的看法。4.A推理判断题。根据题干中的“Sen'fromtheLatinwordmeans'old',”可知，“Sen”来自拉丁语，意思是“老”。选项Mybrotherismyseniorbytwoyears.”表示“我哥哥比我大两岁”。5.B文章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出主题；第二段介绍处理文本时需要注意的事情；第三、四段介绍前、后缀和词根的意义；第五段总结全文，升华主题。Passage3(2022陕西)Doyouknowthewordmigrate?Itisawordusuallyusedtotalkaboutcertainanimalssuchasbirds,fishandsoon.Whenanimalsmigrate,theytravelalongwayfromonepartoftheworldtoanotheraccordingtotheseason.Forexample,swallows(燕子)migratesouthinwinter.Manyanimalsmigrate-theydothisoftenatthesametimeandtothesameplaceeachyear.Theymovetoplaceswhereconditionsarebetter-wheretheweatheriswarmer,wherethereismorefoodandwater,orwheretheiryoungwillbesafer.Peoplealsomigrate.Whenpeoplemigrate,theygotoliveinanotherareaorcountry,especiallyinordertofindwork.InEnglish,whenpeopleleavetheirhomecountryinordertoliveinanothercountry,weusethewordemigrate*insteadofmigrate.Frommigrateandemigratecomethewordsmigrationandemigration.However,ifpeoplemovefromtheirhomecountrytoanothertolivethereforever(永久地),thewordchangesfromemigratetoimmigrateintheEnglishlanguage.Thenthewordimmigrationisborn.Isn'tword-makingoftheEnglishlanguageinteresting?Andcanthisprocess(过程)offindingouttherelationshipsbetweenwordsandlearningtheminagrouporgroupsbeawayforyoutolearnthelanguage?*BasedonLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,6thedition1.WhichofthefollowingsituationscanmatchthemainideaofParagraph1?A.Snakesmoveintoholestosleepinwinter.B.Fishswimtocleanwatersbecauseofpollution.C.Birdsflyveryfarawaytofindfoodandreturntogiveittotheirbabies.D.MonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmericaflysouthtostayawayfromthecold.2.Accordingtothepassage,ifpeople__________,theyleavetheirhomecountrytoliveinanotherforever.A.travelB.migrateC.emigrateD.immigrate3.Thepassageiswrittento__________.A.introducemigrationofanimalsB.tellreadersawayoflearningEnglishC.showhowEnglishwordschangeD.explainwhypeoplemigrate答案:语篇解读本文主要通过举例介绍英语单词的联系和区别，来告诉读者一种学习英语的方法。子主题为“积极的学习体验，恰当的学习方法与策略，勤学善思”。1.D推理判断题。根据第一段中“Whenanimalsmigrate,they...theiryoungwillbesafer.”可知选D.2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“However,ifpeoplemovefromtheirhomecountrytoanothertolivethereforever,thewordchangesfromemigratetoimmigrateintheEnglishlanguage.”可知选D.3.B写作目的题。根据第三段中“Andcanthisprocessoffindingouttherelationshipsbetweenwordsandlearningtheminagrouporgroupsbeawayforyoutolearnthelanguage?”可知，文章介绍了掌握单词之间的关系可以成为学习语言的一种方式。Passage4(2022四川泸州)March21isWorldSleepDay.Herearesomefactsaboutsleep.SleepatadvisedtimesIn2021,theMinistryofEducation(MOE)advisedthatjuniorandseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotobedbefore10pmand11pmrespectively(分别地)．Howdoastronautssleep?JustlikeonEarth,apersoninspacegoestobedatnightandthenwakesupthenextday.Butinspacethereisnoupordown,andyoudonotfeelthepullofgravity(重力).Asaresult,astronautsusuallysleepinfixedsleepingbags.EarwormshappenwhilesleepingSomepeopleenjoylisteningtomusicalot.Whilewe'reawake,themusicweknowwellkeepsringinginourears,whichiscalledearworms(耳虫现象).Thiscanhappenduringsleepaswell,whichcouldcauseproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep.Sleepwithyourpet?Pets,likedogsandcats,donotsleepcontinuouslyandtheywilloftengetupandwalkonthebed,whichcanmakeyousleepevenworse.Butrecentstudiesfoundthathavingpetsinthebedmayhelppeoplewhoareoftenworried.Thepets,likesofttoys,canhelpcutdowntheirworry.SockscanhelpussleepStudieshaveshownthatwearingsockstobedcanhelpyoufallasleepfaster!Handsandfeethelpexchange(交换)heatbetweenthefarendsofthebodyandtheheart.Wearingsocksmeansanincreaseofbloodtoyourhandsandfeet,whichcutsdownyourcore(核心的)bodytemperature.Thelowerthecorebodytemperatureis,thefasteryoufallasleep.1.AccordingtoMOE,juniorhighschoolstudentsshould__________.A.gotobedbefore10pmB.gotobedbefore11pmC.sleepatleast10hoursadayD.sleepatleast11hoursaday2.Whydoastronautssleepinfixedsleepingbags?A.Becausethereisnobedinthespacestation.B.Becausethereisnopullofgravityinspace.C.Becausesleepingbagsarecomfortable.D.Becausethespaceshipistoosmall.3.Accordingtothepassage,earwormscan__________.A.bebadforsleepqualityB.improvemusicabilityC.helppeoplefallasleepquicklyD.appearonlyduringtheday4.Howdoeswearingsockshelpussleep?A.Bymakingfeetwarmerthanhands.B.Byincreasingbloodtohandsandfeet.C.Bymakingcorebodytemperaturehigher.D.Byexchangingheatbetweenhandsandfeet.5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsleepistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.WorldSleepDayfallsinthefifthmontheachyear.B.Thesleepingbagisthebestchoiceforsleep.C.Sleepingwithpetshelpsworriedpeople.D.Musiccanhelppeoplesleeplonger.答案:语篇解读本文主要介绍了关于睡眠的一些事实。子主题为“健康、文明的行为习惯与生活方式”。1.A细节理解题。根据“juniorandseniorhighschoolstudentsshouldgotobedbefore10pm...”可知初中生晚上10点前要睡觉。2.B细节理解题。根据“youdonotfeelthepullofgravity.Asaresult,astronautsusuallysleepinfixedsleepingbags”可知太空中没有重力，所以宇航员睡在睡袋里。3.A细节理解题。根据“Thiscanhappenduringsleepaswell,whichcouldcauseproblemsingettingtosleepandstayingasleep.”可知耳虫现象会造成睡眠问题，所以对睡眠质量有不好的影响。4.B细节理解题。根据“Wearingsocksmeansanincreaseofbloodtoyourhandsandfeet...thefasteryoufallasleep.”可知穿袜子意味着流向手脚的血液增加，这会降低核心体温，核心体温越低，就人睡越快。5.C细节理解题。根据“Butrecentstudiesfoundthathavingpetsinthebedmayhelppeoplewhoareoftenworried.”可知和宠物睡觉可能会帮助那些经常担心的人。Passage5(2022山东泰安)Countingthehairsonyourheadwouldbeverydifficult.Manyhavetried,butmostpeoplegiveupafterlosingcountorgettingbored!However,scientistssaypeoplehavemorethan100,000hairsontheirheadsonaverage.Ofcourse,thisnumberisdifferentfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplehavemuchmorehairthanothers.Whatcauseshairloss?Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.Italsorunsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowolder.Toavoidlosinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyandcondition(养护)yourhairtohelpkeepyourhairhealthy.It'salsoimportanttobegentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair.Hairlossisnotthesameasdailyshedding(脱落)．Peopleloseanaverageof50to100hairsaday.It'snormal.Ifyouarelosingmorehairthanaverage,talktotheadultsyoutrust.Theycanhelpyoudecidewhethertoaskadoctorforhelp.Whydohumanshavehairontheirheads?Mostothermammals(哺乳动物)havethickfur(毛)coveringtheirwholebodies.Whilehumansgrowsmallandfine(细微的)hairsonmuchoftheirskin,it'smuchthickeronthetopofthehead.Scientistssaytheanswerscomedowntoevolution.Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausetheyhavemoresweatglands(汗腺)thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.Therefore,thetopoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromthesun.Thisiswhypeoplehavemorehairontheirheadsthanontherestoftheirbodies.Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweatherandkeepahealthybodytemperature.1.HowmanyreasonsforhairlossarementionedinParagraph2?A.3.-B.4.-C.5.-D.6.2.Youcantakethefollowingmeasures(措施)toavoidlosinghairexcept__________.A.wearingahatallthetimeB.washingyourhaircorrectlyC.brushingorcombinghairgentlyD.conditioningyourhair3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolution"meaninthelastparagraph?A.进化B.发育C.天生D.训练4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Ingeneral,it'seasierforyoungpeopletolosehairthanoldpeople.B.Thehaironhumanheadshelpskeepheatincoldweather.C.Ifyoulose50to100hairseveryday,youmustaskadoctorforhelp.D.Allthemammalshavethickfurcoveringtheirwholebodiesbecausetheyhavenosweatglands.答案:语篇解读本文介绍了人类头发的数量、掉头发的原因、避免脱发的方法以及人类长头发的原因。子主题为“健康、文明的行为习惯与生活方式”。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知一共提到5个原因：stress,illness,styling,runsinfamilies,growolder.2.A细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，没有提到wearingahatallthetime,故选A.3.A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容可知，科学家说人类比其他哺乳动物有更多的汗腺，导致人类身上没有毛，但是由于直立行走需要保护头部，故长了很多头发，推断这是进化的结果。4.B细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中的Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweather可知B项正确。Passage6(2022广东广州)TheWorldofOrienteeringImagineyouareinanewcity.Youasksomeonehowtogettoabookstore.Theytellyoutogostraight,turnleft,andyouwillfinditonyourleft.Infact,youcanalsofindyourwaywithaphone.Nowimagineyouareinanoutdoorgame.Youonlyhaveamapandacompass,andinsteadofrunningdownacityroad,youmayneedtorunaroundinthewoods,climboverrocksandgoupanddownhills.Welcometoorienteering!Inthegameoforienteering,playersuseamapandacompasstofindstations.Thesestationsarecalledcontrols.Aspecialflag,usuallyinbrightcolours,markseachcontrol.Controlsarenoteasytofind.Theymaybeinfrontofabigrockorbehindatree.Inmostofthegames,you'llhavetofindcontrolsinnumberedorder,butinsomegamesyoucanchangetheorder.Ateachcontrol,playersmarkacardtheycarrywiththemandthecardwillbemarkedindifferentways(SeeFigure1).Thecardsareveryimportantbecauseplayersmustfindallthecontrolstowin.Ifsomeonemissesacontrol,theywon'thavethatmarkontheircards.Theymightcrossthefinishlinefirst,butthenextpersontofinishwithafullcardwillwinthegame.1.Whatwillplayerscarryinthegame?A.Amap,acompassandaflag.B.Aflag,acompassandacard.C.Acompass,amapandacard.D.Aphone,acompassandamap.2.Whichofthefollowingisaruleofthegame?A.Youdon'tneedtomarkthecards.B.Youcan'tmissanyofthecontrolstowin.C.Youhave.tofindcontrolsinnumberedorder.D.Youmustbethefirsttopassthefinishlinetowin.3.HowmanycontrolshasAnnafinishedinthegame?A.9.B.10.C.11.D.12.答案:语篇解读本文介绍了定向越野比赛及其规则。子主题为“运动与游戏，安全与防护”。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，地图和指南针是参赛者必须使用的。第三段第一句说“在每个控制点，参赛者会在他们随身携带的卡片上做标记”。因此，卡片也是必须随身携带的。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，参赛者必须找到全部控制点才能赢得比赛。3.B图文理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，只有经过控制点，卡片上才会被标记上不同的记号。图片中共有10个小格子被标上了标记，说明Anna通过了10个控制点。人与自我－做人与做事Passage7(2022浙江湖州)①Therearelotsofthingsthatcausestress(压力)inourlives,suchasschoolproblems,argumentswithfriendsandsometimesbadfeelingsaboutourselves.Weallexperiencestressattimes,butit'simportanttomanageitproperlyandreduce(减少)itsinfluence.Herearesomehelpfultipsfordealingwithstress.②Sometimeswefeelstressedwithoutunderstandingthereason.Sowheneveryou'restressed,youshouldstopandthink.Whatisreallyhappening?Howcanyouimprovethesituation?Trykeepingadiaryaboutyourproblemsandthepossiblecauses.③DoyoualwayswaituntilSundayeveningtodohomework?Thisbadhabitcancause“last-minute”stress,aswellaspoorgrades.Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.Planyourstudiesandotheractivitieswithacalendar.Youcanalsodividebigprojectsintosmallertasks.Inthisway,you'llalwaysknowhowmuchtimeyoureallyhave.④Besides,healthyhabitsareveryimportantforreducingstress.Besuretoeathealthymealsandgetatleasteighthoursofsleep.Avoidcheckingyourmobilephoneorusingthecomputerbeforebedtime.Itwillkeepyouawake!⑤Whenyou'refeelingstressed,it'shelpfultospeaktosomeonewhounderstandsyoursituation,suchasyourfriendsandfamily.Sometimesit'senoughtotalkaboutyourproblemsandshareyourfeelings.Othertimes,however,youmightneedadviceorsuggestions.Don'tkeepyourworriestoyourself.⑥Finally,relaxationisimportant.Findsomefreetimeforactivitiesthatyouenjoy,suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample,seeingafilmorhangingoutafter5days'studycouldbeagoodchoice.Ifyoufindsometimetorelaxandenjoyyourself,you'llfeelrefreshed,havemoreenergy,andreduceyourlevelofstress.1.WhatadvicedoesthewritergivetoreducestressinParagraph3?A.Stopandthink.-B.Manageyourtime.-C.Watchyourhealth.-D.Reachoutforhelp.2.HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph6?A.Bytellingstories.-B.Bylistingnumbers.-C.Byaskingquestions.-D.Bygivingexamples.3.Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?ABCD答案:语篇解读文章介绍了缓解压力的几个好办法。子主题为“自我认识，自我管理，自我提升”。1.B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.”可知，作者的建议是管理好时间。2.D写作手法题。根据第六段中的“Forexample”可知，作者通过举例阐述本段。3.A文章结构题。第一段是总起，先提出了压力大的问题，再提出有几个好建议。第二、三、四、五、六段分别提出了不同的建议，并且用besides,finally等词衔接，证明它们之间是并列关系，所以本文是“总一分”结构。Passage8(2022河北)1.Howcanyouinterestyourlistenersatthebeginning?A.Bylistingyourideas.B.Bytellingafunnystory.C.Bystandingupstraight.D.Bysayingsimplewords.2.Whichisthe“bigday”accordingtothetext?A.Thedayyoupreparevideos.B.Thedayyougetsomeadvice.C.Thedayyouvisityourfriends.D.Thedayyoumakeapresentation.3.Whatisthegoodwaytoendyourpresentation?A.Torepeattopics.B.Toshowthanks.C.Tomakesuggestions.D.Tosharemainideas.4.Whichquestioncouldbesthelpusfindoutthewriter'spurpose?A.Didthewritertrytoteachusskills?B.Didthewriterhelpusunderstandideas?C.Didthewriterinviteustoattendacourse?D.Didthewriteraskustobepoliteinpublic?答案:语篇解读本文介绍展示的重要性以及如何在观众面前展示。子主题为“自我认识，自我管理，自我提升”。1.B细节理解题。由原文中＂Thebeginningofyourpresentationshouldbeinteresting.Forexample,youcantellashort,funnystorytomakepeoplelaugh.”可知，在开头可以讲一个有趣的故事来使听众感兴趣。2.D词义理解题。由原文中“Youneedtopracticemanytimesbeforethe'bigday'.”可推知，“bigday”就是你展示的那一天。3.B细节理解题。由原文中“Finally,besuretothankyouraudience...butgoodwaytoendanypresentation.”可知，最好的结束方式是表示感谢。4.A写作目的题。本文开头介绍了展示的重要性，然后分四个步骤教给我们展示的技能。所以，作者的目的是尽力教给我们展示的技能。人与社会－历史、社会与文化Passage1(2022新疆)WhydidChinesepeoplehavemorethanonenameinancienttimes?InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts,theirfamilyname,givennameandcourtesyname.TakefamouspoetLiBaiforexample.Hisfamilyname,whichcamefromhisfather'sname,wasLi.HisgivennamewasBai,andhiscourtesynamewasTaibai.Peopleusedtheirgivennameswhentheywereamongfamilymembers.Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.Thiswasmostlydoneamongpeopleofsimilarage.Ifyouweretalkingaboutyourself,orifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeusedinsteadofthecourtesyname.Menwouldgettheircourtesynameswhentheyturned20.Itwasasymbolofadulthood(成年).Womenwouldgettheircurtesynamesaftergettingengaged.One'scourtesynameoftenhadsomethingtodowithone'sgivenname.Forexample,thenameofMenciuswasMengKe.HiscourtesynamewasZiyu.BothKeandZiyumean“carriage(马车)”.ZhugeLiang'sgivennamewasLiang,whichmeans“bright”.HiscourtesynamewasKongming,whichmeans“verybright”.1.Howmanypartsarethereinpeople'snamesinancientChina?A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courtesy”inParagraph2meaninChinese?A.名B.姓氏C.字D.昵称3.Whydidpeoplecalleachotherbytheircourtesynamesinsociallife?A.Toshowtheirlove.B.Toshowtheirgoodrelationship.C.Toshowtheirkindness.D.Toshowtheirrespect.4.Whatwouldbeusedifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyouaccordingtothepassage?A.Familyname.B.Nickname.C.Givenname.D.Courtesyname.5.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThefamouspoetLiBai.B.Threepartsofancientnames.C.Theancientnamesandthemodernnames.D.Thedevelopmentofnames.答案:语篇解读本文介绍了古代中国人名字的三个部分。子主题为“跨文化沟通与交流，语言与文化”。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中“InancientChina,people'snameshadthreeparts”可知，古代中国人的名字有三部分。2.C词义猜测题。根据第二段的内容结合语文常识可知，李白姓李，名白，字太白。3.D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Butinsociallife,theycalledeachotherbytheircourtesynamestoshowrespect.”可知，互相称呼字是为了表示尊重。4.C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中“ifyoureldersweretalkingaboutyou,thegivennamewouldbeused”可知，长辈会叫晚辈的名。5.B主旨大意题。本文介绍了古代中国人名字的三个部分，包括人们互相称呼的习惯，以及取“字”时的一些原则。Passage2(2022天津)Teaandcoffeearetwoofthemostpopulardrinksintheworld.However,peopleusuallylikeonemorethantheother.Thesedrinksalsohaveverydifferentuses.TeadrinkingstartedinChinaabout5,000yearsago.Teaismadefromleaves.Thesedays,somepeopledrinkteaforhealth,usingittohelpwithstress(压力)orlosingweight.However,mostpeopleintea-drinkingcountriesthinkofteaasmorethanjustahealthydrink.Infact,teadrinkinginsomecountriesisapartoftheculture.InTurkey(土耳其),teaisalwaystherewhenpeoplemeet.Whetherinsomeone'shomeoracompany,teaisalwaysofferedasawayofwelcoming.IntheUK,homesandofficesusuallyhaveteatime.Teaandotherdishesareservedatteatimeintheafternoon.Itisawayofrelaxingwithfriendsorco-workers(同事).Coffeecamemuchlaterthantea,justover1,000yearsago.Coffeeismadefrombeans.Somethinginthecoffeebeansmakesapersonfeelactive.Mostpeopledonotdrinkcoffeetorelax.Instead,theydrinkcoffeetogetgoing.Manypeopledrinkcoffeeinthemorningtohelpthemwakeup.Otherswillalsodrinkcoffeeduringshortbreaksintheafternoontokeepgoingthroughtheworkingday.Somepeoplemayvisitcoffeeshopsjusttomeetandtalkwithfriends.However,manypeopleincoffeeshopsdrinkcoffeewhileworkingontheircomputers.Isteaorcoffeemorecommoninyourcountry?Betweenthetwo,whichdoyouliketodrinkmore?1.Wheredidteadrinkingstart?A.InJapan.B.InChina.C.InTurkey.D.IntheUK.2.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatpeopleintheUK__________.A.drinkteatogetfatB.offerteatosaygoodbyeC.thinkofteaasabaddrinkD.haveteatorelaxthemselves3.Whatiscoffeemadefrom?A.Leaves.B.Sugar.C.Dishes.D.Beans.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Coffeecamemuchearlierthantea.B.Manypeopledrinkcoffeetowakeup.C.Manypeopleworkontheircomputersincoffeeshops.D.Somepeoplemeetandtalkwithfriendsincoffeeshops.5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheSmellsofTeaandCoffeeB.ThePricesofTeaandCoffeeC.TheDifferentCulturesofTeaandCoffeeD.TheDifferentWaysofMakingTeaandCoffee答案:语篇解读本文主要介绍了喝茶和喝咖啡的不同文化。子主题为“跨文化沟通与交流，语言与文化”。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“TeadrinkingstartedinChina”可知选B.2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中最后三句可知选D.3.D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Coffeeismadefrombeans.”可知选D.4.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Coffeecamemuchlaterthantea,justover1,000yearsago.”可知A项与事实相反，故A项错误，故选A.5.C最佳标题题。本文是总分总结构，第一段总写茶和咖啡有不同的用途；第二段和第三段分别介绍茶文化和咖啡文化；最后一段呼应首段。根据文章内容和结构可知选C.Passage3(2022江西)Indonesianslovetocelebrate.Theybelievethatcelebratingandeatingtogetherbringsgoodluck.Let'spartyIndonesia-style.WouldyoubesurprisedtofindaNewYear'sDayinMarch?IndonesiansontheislandofBaliaregettingreadytoringinNyepi,theirNewYear.ItfallsinMarchorAprilonthenightofthenewmoonandisasymbolofafreshstartforthepeopleandtheislandofBali.OntheeveofNyepi,familiesandfriendsgettogetherinthemarket.Theycarryahugemonsterwhichismadeofwoodandothermaterialsaroundthevillagethreetimes.Afterthat,peoplesetitonfire,hopingtodriveoutevil(邪恶的)spirits.AfterNyepi,aTurunTanahceremonybeginsinhonorofachild'sfirststeps.AttheTurunTanah,parentsinvitefriendsandfamilytoapartytointroducethebaby.Theyputdifferentobjectssuchasabracelet(手镯),pen,mirrorortoycomputeraroundtheirbaby.Ifthebabypicksupapen,heorshemaybeawriter.Achildwhopicksupagoldbraceletmayberich.WhileTurunTanahcelebratesthefutureofafamily,Galungancelebratesitsbamboopolespast.Ancestorswhohavediedreturn'home'duringthisten-daycelebration.Andlivingrelativesdotheirbesttomakethemhappy.Tallbamboopoleslinethestreet.Peopleattendtheceremoniesandvisittheirfamilyandvillagetemples.Actorsanddancersgiveperformancesthattellstoriesofgoodfightingagainstevil.Ayearoffestivalshascometoanend.Don'tworry:nextyear,Indonesiawillbebuzzing(发出嗡嗡声)againwithcelebrations,sowelcometotheparty!1.What'sthetheme(主题)ofthepassage?A.Celebrations.B.Feelings.C.Family.D.Health.2.WhatdopeopledoduringGalungan?Checkandchoosetherightanswer.①Watchperformances.②Discussnewbabies'future.③Visittheirfamilyandvillagetemples.④Putthebamboopolesalongthestreet.⑤Carryahugemonsteraroundthevillage.A.①②⑤-B.①③④-C.②③④-D.③④⑤3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thebabywhopick