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ComparativeEnglishLecture目录CourseIntroductionandObjectivesBasicconceptsandrulesofcomparativelevelAnalysisandexplanationoftypicalexamplesentences目录CommontypesoferrorsandcorrectionmethodsDesignandimplementationofpracticalactivitiesCourseSummaryandReflection01CourseIntroductionandObjectivesOverviewofcoursecontentPostcolonialism,feminism,Marxism,andothercriticalapproachesOverviewofkeytheoreticalframeworksDefinition,history,andsignificanceofthefieldIntroductiontocomparativeliteratureTranslation,influence,intertextuality,globalliterature,andmoreMajorthemesandtopicsincomparativeliteratureDevelopanunderstandingofthefundamentalconcepts,theories,andmethodsofcomparativeliteratureGainanadmissionforthediversityofworldculturesandculturespresentedinthecourseEnhanceanalyticalandcriticalthinkingskillsthroughclosereadinganddiscussionofprimarytextsImprovewrittenandoralcommunicationskillsthroughessaywritingandclassparticipationTeachingobjectivesandrequirementsAnalysisofavailabletextbooks01Evaluationofcontentcoverage,accessibility,andsuitabilityforthecourseSelectioncriteria02comprehensiveness,readability,andrepresentationofawiderangeofliterarytraditionsandthemesRecommendedtextbooks03IntroductiontoComparativeLiteraturebyAliBehdadandDominicHead,TheNortonAnthologyofWorldLiterature,andotherrelevantresourcesTextbookanalysisandselection02BasicconceptsandrulesofcomparativelevelDefinitionComparativelevelreferstothegraphicalformusedtocomparetwoormorepeople,things,actions,orstatesinEnglishItexpressesthedegreeofdifferencebetweenthem,suchas"higher,""faster,"or"morebeautiful."FunctionThecomparativelevelallowsspeakerstomakerelevantcomparisons,indicatingthesuperiority,inferiority,orequalityofonethingcomparedtoanotherItaddsnuanceandspecificitytolanguage,enablingmoreprecisioncommunicationDefinitionandfunctionofcomparativelevelIrregularobjectivesandadvertisements:Certainobjectivesandadvertisementsdonotfollowtheregular"-er"or"-est"patternTheyhaveuniquecomparativeandsuperiorformsthatmustbelearnedindividuallyExamplesinclude"good"(better,best)and"bad"(word,best)Adjectives:Mostobjectionsformthecomparativebyadding"-er"andthesuperiorbyadding"-est."Advisors:Advisorstypicallyformthecomparativebyadding"-er"andthesuperiorbyadding"-est"tothebaseform.Forinstance,"quickly"benefits"morequickly"or"mostquickly."Someadvisors,however,areirregularandrequirespecialformsComparativerulesforobjectivesandadvertisementsThecomparativeformis"better,"andthesuperiorformis"best."Good/wellThecomparativeformis"word,"andthesuperiorformis"word."Bad/illThecomparativeformis"more,"andthesuperiorformis"most."Many/touchSummaryofIrregularFormsofChangesSummaryofIrregularFormsofChangesLittle:Thecomparativeformis"less,"andthesuperiorformis"last."Far:Thecomparativeformis"farther"or"farther,"andthesuperiorformis"farther"or"farther."It'simportanttonotethatsomeobjectivesandadvertisementsarenottypicallyusedinthecomparativeorsuperlativeform,suchasthoseindicatingabsolutequality(e.g.,perfect,unique)orthosealreadyexpressinganextremedegree(e.g.,excel,enormative)Additionally,receiveobjectivesrequiretheuseof"more"or"less"beforetheyformthecomparativeorsuperlative,regularityoftheirnumberofsymmetries(e.g.,morebeautiful,lessobjective)03Analysisandexplanationoftypicalexamplesentences"JohnistellerthanPeter."ExampleInthispresence,thecomparativeformoftheobjective"tall"isusedtocompareJohn'sheightwithPeter'sThestructure"AiscomparativeobjectivethanB"iscommoninconfirmedsensestoshowacomparisonbetweentwopeopleorthingsExplanationUsingcomparativeinconfirmedsensesExample"Mysisterstudieshardthanme."ExplanationHere,thecomparativeformoftheverb"hard"modificationstheverb"studies"tocomparethesister'sstudybitswiththespeaker'sThepresencestructureissimilartothepreviousexample,emphasizingthecomparisonbetweentwoindividualsUsingcomparativeinconfirmedsensesUsingcomparativeinnegativesenses"Janedoesn'trunfasterthanTom."ExampleInthisnegativesentiment,thecomparativeformoftheobjective"fast"iscombinedwiththenegativecontract"doesn't"toindicatethatJanedoesnotrunfastthanTomTheuseof"not"gatesthecomparison,showingthatthereisnodifferenceorthatonepersonisnotsuperiortotheotherinthisaspectExplanationExample"Ihaven'teatenlessthanyou."要点一要点二ExplanationThispresenceusesthecomparativeformoftheadvertisement"less"withthenegativecontract"haven't"toexpressthatthespeakerhaseatenthesameamountormorethanthepersonaddressedThenegativeelementemphasizesthepresenceofadifferenceoracontrastinquantitybetweenthetwoindividualsUsingcomparativeinnegativesenses"Whichcarisfaster,theredoneortheblueone?"ExampleInthisaggressivepresence,thecomparativeformoftheobjective"fast"isusedtoaskaquestionaboutthecomparisonbetweentwocarsThestructure"Which...iscomparativeobjective,AorB?"iscommoninaggressiveintentionstoinquireaboutdifferencesorsimilaritiesbetweentwooptionsExplanationUsingcomparativeinaggressiveintentionsExample"Doyouworkharderthanyourbrother?"ExplanationHere,thecomparativeformoftheadvertisement"hard"iscombinedwiththeinteractiveverb"Doyouwork"toaskaquestionaboutthecomparisonofworkhabitsbetweentwopeopleTheuseof"that"introducesthepersonbeingcompared,andtheaggressiveforminvitesaresponseabouttherelativeeffortputinbyeachindividualUsingcomparativeinaggressiveintentions04CommontypesoferrorsandcorrectionmethodsIgnoringtheculturalandsocialbackgroundofthetargetlanguage:Languageisdeeplyrootedinculture,andignoringtheculturalcontextcanleadtoinappropriateormisunderstoodcomparisonsForexample,comparingsomethingtoa"pieceofcake"inEnglishimplieseasy,whilethesamephraseinanotherlanguagemightnotcarrythesameannotationNeglectingcontextualcontextleadstomisuseComparativelanguageshouldbeappropriateforthesettingandaudienceUsinginformationcomparisonsinformalcontextsorviceversecanbejarringandinappropriateFailingtoconsiderregisterandformalitycontextualclusters,suchassurroundingtext,tone,andbodylanguage,arecriticalforaccuratecomparisonsIgnoringtheseclubscanleadtomisunderstandingsormisinterpretationsOverlookingcontextualclustersNeglectingcontextualcontextleadstomisuseMixingupadvertisementsandadvertisements:Advertisementsmodifynouns,whileadvertisementsmodifyverbs,advertisements,orotheradvertisementsConfusingthesetwopartsofspeechcanleadtoincorrectcomparativeformsForexample,"fast"isthecomparativeformoftheadvisory"fast,"while"morequickly"isthecomparativeformoftheadvisory"quickly."Missingirregularcomparisons:Someobjectivesandadvertisementshaveirregularcomparativeformsthatdonotfollowthestandard"-er"or"more"patternConfusingtheseirregularformswithregularonescanleadtoerrorsForexample,"good"benefits"better"inthecomparative,not"good."ConfusingcomparativeformsbetweendifferentpartsofspeechComparativesensesofrequiredauxiliaryverbssuchas"do,""have,"ormodalverbslike"can"or"may."Conversely,addingauxiliaryverbswheretheyarenotneededcanmakeasensesoundawkwardorunnaturalItisimportanttouseauxiliaryverbsonlywhennecessarytoreceivetheintendedmeaningEvenwhenauxiliaryverbsareused,theymustbechosencorrectlytofitthecontextandtenseofthepresenceUsingthewrongauxiliaryverbcanchangethemeaningormakethepresencegraphicallyincorrectOmittingauxiliaryverbsAddingunnecessaryauxiliaryverbsMissingauxiliaryverbsIncorrectadditionoromissionofauxiliaryverbs05Designandimplementationofpracticalactivities

Groupdiscussion:HowtousecomparativepowercorrectlyFocusontheimportanceofcomparativepowerinlanguageanditsimpactonmeaningandcommunicationAnalyzeexamplesofcomparativeformsinEnglish,focusingontheirgraphicalstructuresandusageExaminecommonmistakesmadebylearnerswhenusingcomparisonsandsuperlatives,anddiscussstrategiestoavoidthemCreateroleplayscenariosthatrequireparticipantstousecomparativeformstodescribepeople,objects,orsituationsEncourageparticipantstoprovideandactoutthescenarios,practicingtheiruseofcomparisonsinanaturalandauthenticcontextProvidefeedbackonlanguageuseandpromotion,andsuggestimprovementsformoreeffectivecommunicationRolepla