2024届湖南省娄底市高三下学期高考一模英语试题

娄底市2024届高考仿真模拟考试英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whodoesthemostshoppinginthewoman’sfamily?A.Thewoman. B.Thewoman’sfather. CThewoman’smother.2.Whenwillthemanleavethehotel?A.OnJuly15th. B.OnJuly18th. C.Tomorrow.3.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodo?A.Goabroad. B.LearnFrench. C.Gotoschool.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthetimefortheman’sholiday?A.It’scommon. B.It’simpossible. C.It’snotsuitable.5.Whydoesthewomansay“Fridayevening?”?A.Sheissurprisedatwhatthemansays.B.Shedoesn’tunderstandthemanquitewell.C.Shemayhaveanotherplanforthatevening.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分).听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howlongdoesthewomanexpectthemantostay?A.Threedays. B.Fourdays. C.Overfourdays.7.Whatwillthefriendprobablydo?A.Helptheman. B.Phonethewoman. C.Staywiththewoman.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhywillJaneleaveherjob?A.Shewantstobeateacher.B.HerhusbandwillgotoCanada.C.Shehasbeenofferedabetterjob.9.WhatwillJaneprobablydobeforesheleaves?A.Trainthenewperson. B.Postanadvertisement.C.Lookforareplacement.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.Whydoesthemanmakerulenumber1?A.Teenagerslackdrivingexperience.B.Teenagersoftendriveathighspeeds.C.Teenagersoftendrivewithoutalicense.11.Whatdoesthegirlreallymeanbyherresponsetorulenumber2?A.Sheisoldenoughtodriveacar.B.Sheisoldenoughtodrivealone.C.Sheisoldenoughtoknowtrafficrules.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheman’srules?A.Don’tdrivealone.B.Don’tdriveusingacellphone.C.Don’tdrivewithoutwearingaseatbelt.13.Whatprobablyhappensaftertheconversation?A.Themanbuysacarforthegirl.B.Themandrivesthegirltoschool.C.Thegirldrivesthecartoschool.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthemansuggesttothewoman?A.FindingoutwhatinterestsSusanhas.B.BuyingSusan’sbirthdaygifttogether.C.Spendingmoremoneyfor.Susan’sbirthday.15.WhatwillthespeakersinviteSusantodo?A.Gohiking. B.Gotoconcerts. C.Gooutfordinner.16.WhoisJanet?A.ThepersonlivingwithSusan.B.Thepersonlivingwiththeman.C.Thepersonlivingwiththewoman.17.WhatdoesthewomanwanttoknowfromJanet?A.WhatsinginggroupsSusanlikesbest.B.WhatbirthdaygiftshewillgiveSusan.C.Whethershewilljointheminbuyingagift.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhatisthepurposeofEastCoastCollegeTour?A.Toexperienceacollegelife.B.Tochooseasuitablecollege.C.Tovisitoneofthetopcolleges.19.HowlongwillEastCoastCollegeTourlast?A.Oneweek. B.Twoweeks. C.Threeweeks.20.Whatdoesthespeakerfocuson?A.Thecollegecampuses.B.Theactivitiesofthetour.C.Theadvantagesofthecolleges.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGettingAroundWashington,DCbyPublicTransportationWashington,DC,isnotaneasycitytodrivein.Ifyou’dratheravoidtheheadacheofdriving,considertakingadvantageofthecity’spublictransportationsystemduringyourvisit.PublictransportationWhenWashingtonianssay“Metro”or“Metrorail”,theymeanthesubway.ThebussystemiscalledMetrobus,andisusuallysimplyreferredtoasthebus.Sixraillines(Red,Yellow,Blue,Silver,Green,andOrange)andanextensivebussystem(morethan15,000stopson400routes)connectDCtoMarylandandVirginia.Railstationentrancesaremarkedwithtowerstoppedwiththeletter“M”.Stripes(线条)ofcolorindicate,thelinestravelingdownbelow.Each,train,displaysthenameofitsfarthestdestination.OperatinghoursMetroOperatingHoursDAYTIMEMonday-Thursday5am-12amFriday5am-1amSaturday7am-1amSunday7am-12amMetrobusschedulesvarybyroute.Freetransfers(转乘)tousewithintwohoursareavailable,andtheyareacceptedonmostlocalbusesinadditiontoMetrobuses.FaresMetrorailfaresrun$1.35to$3.90basedondistancetraveled.A$6.50OneDayPassisvalid(有效的)forunlimitedMetrorailtravelonweekdaysafter9:30amoralldaySaturdaysorSundays.Busfaresare$1.25,and60centsforseniorsandpeoplewithdisabilities,and$3forexpressbuses.TheDCCirculatorprimarilyservesvisitors.Thisbusserviceconnectsmajortouristattractionsandpartsoftown.Eachrideis$1.21.WhatdoesacolorrepresentintheDCMetro?A.Arailline. B.Thesubway. C.Arailstation. D.Adayoftheweek.22.WhataretheMetroschedulessetbasedon?A.Weekdaysandweekends. B.Distancesanddeparturetimes.C.Startingpointsanddestinations. D.Faresandthenumberofpassengers.23.WhencanOneDayPassbeusedonMetroraillinesonSundays?A.From5amto12am. B.From7amto12am.C.From9:30amto1am. D.From5amto1am.BThespeedylizard(蜥蜴)wasmovingquicklyacrossthetabletopwhensuddenlyonefoothitaslipperyspot.Itjustmadeasplit-secondadjustmentasitmovedonward.Afterward,itsmovements,recordedwithHollywood-stylemotion-capturetechnology,wereplayedbackinslowmotion.ThisisthelabofToniaHsieh,aTempleUniversitybiologistwhostudieslifeonthemove.Thegoalofthelizardstudyistousetheanimalsasamodelforhumans,tofigureoutbetterwaystopreventfallsamongtheaged.Thescientistsareusingtwospecies—thefrilleddragonandthebrownbasilisk—thatshareanunusualcharacteristicwithhumans:theabilitytorunontwolegs.Ifthescientistscanfigureouthowtheselizardsremainuprightindifferentsituations,theyhopesomeofthelessonscanbeusedtoguidehumantreatment.Thelizardsrunonatabletopcoveredwithsandpaperexceptforoneslipperyspotinthemiddle:asquareofposterboardcoveredwithcontactpaper.Inthelabrecently,thescientistsfilmedoneofthefrilleddragonsinactionandplayeditbackatslowspeedonacomputerscreen,thelizard’smovementsreducedtoaseriesofcoloreddotsonagraybackground.Atthemomentthelizardsteppedonthecontactpaper,itsleftfootslidtotheside,anditsupperbodytwistedintheoppositedirection.Itbarelyseemedtoloseitsbalance.Couldsomeclueinthosecoloreddotsbeusedtoimprovestabilityinolderadults?Everyyear,thousandsofolder,adultsdiefrominjuriessustainedinfalls.Theworkisstillongoing,butearlyindicationsarethat.tendons(肌腱)inthelizards’feetplay.akeyroleinbalance,actingasspringsthatcounteract(抵消)smallchangesinthesurface.It’savaluablefirstlineofdefensethatkicksinevenbeforethebrainhastimetoreact,Hsiehsaid.Ifthescientistscanfigureoutwhatfactorsaremostimportantinkeepingthelizardsupright,perhapssomeonecanworkoutstrategiestoenhancethosefactorsinpeople.“Ithinkthisisagreatfirststep,”saidHsieh.24.Whatmadethescientistsdecidetoconductthelizardstudy?A.Theircuriosityaboutrunninglizards.B.Theirconcernforlizardconservation.C.Thecharacteristicsofdifferentlizards.D.Thesimilaritybetweenlizardsandhumans.25.Whywascontactpaperusedinthelizardstudy?A.Torecordthelizard’smovements. B.Toprovidestabilityforthelizard.C.Tomakethelizardloseitsbalance. D.Tolimitthelizard’srunningspeed.26.HowdoesHsiehfeelaboutthelizardstudy?A.It’simportantforlizards. B.Ithasbeenagreatsuccess.C.Itneedsmoreassistance. D.Itshowsgreatpromise.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RunninglikeLizards B.LearningfromLizardsC.KeepingYourBalance D.DevelopingYourPotentialCThehumaneyecanperceiveabout1millioncolors,butlanguageshavefarfewerwordstodescribethosecolors.LanguagesspokeninindustrializednationssuchastheUnitedStates,forexample,tendtohaveaboutadozenbasiccolorterms,whilelanguagesspokenbypopulationsinremoteareasoftenhavefewer.However,thewaythatalanguagedividesupcolorspacecanbeinfluencedbycontactwithotherlanguages,accordingtoanewstudy.AmongmembersoftheTsimanesociety,wholiveinaremotepartoftheBolivianAmazonrainforest,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadlearnedSpanishasasecondlanguagebegantoclassifycolorsintomorewords,makingcolordistinctionsthatarenotcommonlyusedbyTsimanewhoaremonolingual(单语的).Inthemoststrikingfinding,Tsimanewhowerebilingual(会双语的)beganusingtwodifferentwordstodescribeblueandgreen,whichmonolingualTsimanespeakersdonottypicallydo.TheresearchersalsofoundthatthebilingualTsimanebecamemorepreciseindescribingcolorssuchasyellowandred,whichmonolingualspeakerstendtousetoincludemanyshades(色度)beyondwhataSpanishorEnglishspeakerwouldinclude.WorkingwithmonolingualandbilingualmembersoftheTsimane,theresearchersaskedpeopletoperformtwodifferenttasks.Forthebilingualpopulation,theyaskedthemtodothetaskstwice,onceinTsimaneandonceinSpanish.Inthefirsttask,theresearchersshowedthesubjects84chips(块)ofdifferentcolors,onebyone,andaskedthemwhatwordtheywouldusetodescribethecolor.Inthesecondtask,thesubjectswereshowntheentiresetofchipsandaskedtogroupthechipsbycolorwords.TheresearchersfoundthatwhenperformingthistaskinSpanish,thebilingualTsimaneclassifiedcolorsintothetraditionalcolorwordsoftheSpanishlanguage.Additionally,thebilingualspeakersweremuchmorepreciseaboutnamingcolorswhentheyperformedthetaskintheirnativelanguage.“Thebilingualspeakerslearnedadifferentwaytodivideupthecolorspace,”saysEdwardGibson,theseniorauthorofthestudy.“It’sagreatexampleofoneofthemainbenefitsoflearningasecondlanguage.Youopenadifferentworldandunderstanddifferentconceptsthatyouimporttoyournativelanguage.”28.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheTsimanelanguagefromparagraph3?A.Thereareveryfewcolorwords.B.Thereusedtobenocolorwords.C.Therearenowordsforblueandgreen.D.Therearemanywordsforyellowandred.29.Whichofthefollowingindicatesadifferencebetweenthetwotasks?A.Thenumberofthechips. B.Thecolorofthechips.C.Thewaytoshowthechips. D.Thepeopletoperformthetasks.30.WhatmayexplainwhythebilingualspeakerscouldnamecolorspreciselywhenperformingthetaskinTsimane?A.TheevolutionofTsimane. B.ThepopularityofSpanish.C.TheinfluenceofSpanish. D.TheuniquenessofTsimane.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Learninglanguagecanbroadenthemind.B.Contactbetweenlanguagescaninfluenceeachother.C.Bilingualspeakershavemorewordstodescribecolors.D.Alanguagecanacquirenewconceptsfromotherlanguages.DTheimpactoffastfashionontheenvironmentissignificant.RecentlyZara,oneofthelargestfast-fashionretailers(零售商)intheworld,putforthaconceptthatonlysustainablefabricsareusedinclothingproduction.ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.Clothingproductiondoubledfrom2012to2022.Theaverageconsumerbought60percentmoreclothingin2022thanin2012,butkepteachgarmenthalfaslong.Andlessthanonepercentofallclothingproducedgloballyisrecycled.Ispendalotoftimereadingthecorporatesocialresponsibilityreportsoflargebrandsandinterviewingmicro-to-smallsizedenterprisestoseehowtheyapproachsustainability.Thelargestsignificantdifferencebetweenthemisculture.Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.Mostsmallbrandsareoptingtoworkunder,an“anti-fashioncalendar”.Theychoosenottofollowtheintenseseasonalcalendarthatfashionfunctionsunder.Theydothisbecausewasteisoneoftheirbiggestconcerns.Theyalsodesignclothingtobeofthehighestquality,ensuringdurabilityandlongevity,soyoumaykeepitlonger.Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.32.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththenumbersaboutZarainparagraph1?A.Zaraisnoteco-friendly. B.Zaraispopularwithconsumers.C.Zaraisalargefast-fashionretailer. D.Zaraisasuccessinfashionindustry.33.Whichofthefollowingshowsaculturalfeatureofsmallbrands?A.Designingclothingasneeded. B.Designingclothingseasonably.C.Producingclothingasneeded. D.Producingclothingseasonably.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“bottomline”inparagraph5relateto?A.Thefast-fashionretailers. B.Theprofitsfromfastfashion.C.Thecultureofsustainability. D.Therelationshipwithconsumers.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Howtomakeconsumerslovetheirclothes.B.Howtomakeconsumersbuylessclothing.C.Howlargefashionbrandsofferweeklynewproducts.D.Howlargefashionbrandsimprovetheirservices.第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoueverwonderedwhat-setstrulysuccessfulindividualsapart?Theanswerliesingrowththinking.Itcanunlockyourpotentialandleadyoutowardsasuccessfullife.Oneofthemostbeautifulaspectsofgrowththinkingisthatitextendsbeyondpersonaldevelopment.Takeopportunitiestosupportandmotivateothers,andshareyourjourney,knowledge,andexperiences,asitleadstoamorefulfillinglifeforeveryoneinvolved.Humansaresocialcreatures,andwebenefitfromeachotherwhenwedothingstogether.36Buildingpositivehabitsistheactualfoundationofgrowththinking.37Makeapointofengaginginsmall,purposefulactionseveryday,andyouwillcreateapathforlong-termgrowth.It’sthedailyhabitsthatkeepyoumovingtowardsthegoalyouwanttoreach.Challengesarenotroadblocks;theyareopportunitiesfordevelopment.38Youbecomebetterequippedtohandleanunfavorablesituation,adapttochange,andfindinnovativesolutions.Thiskindofattitudelaysthefoundationforlong-termsuccessandhelpsyoudealwithanychallengethatcomesyourway.Reflectionisapowerfultoolforgrowth.Setasidetimeregularlytothinkaboutyourprogressandareasforimprovement.39Itcanbehandwritten,digital,orevenaudiorecordings—whateverworksforyou.Reflectionallowsyoutolearnfromyourexperiences,developstrategies,andstaycommittedtoyourgrowthjourney.Tofostergrowththinking,expandyourlearningresources.Don’tlimityourselftoasinglesourceofknowledge.40It’sreallyalife-longproject.Seekoutdifferentideastobroadenyourunderstandingofanygiventopic.Themoreyoulearn,thebetterequippedyouaretoadaptandgrow,A.Consistencyisdefinitelythekey.B.Yourconfidencedeterminestheendresult.C.Lookingbackalsohelpsyoulearnfromyourmistakes.D.Educationcanmeanmuchmorethansittinginaclassroom.E.Youmaykeepajournaltotrackyourthoughtsandmilestones.F.Bymakingapositiveimpactonothers,youenhanceyourowngrowth.G.Remember,thegreatestgrowthoftenhappensoutsideofyourcomfortzone.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。SomeoftheclassroomsatTaftElementaryinSantaClara,California,haveoneflaw(缺陷)incommon:Theydon’thave41.“Mostoftheday,thestudentsare42.Andtheydon’treallygettoseeanytrees,orthebluesky,”saidErnestoRodriguez,aschoolpsychologistwitha43forlandscapephotography.“Thelackofwindowsdoesaffectkids,makingit44toconcentrate.Beinginandaroundnature45anxietyandhasbenefitsforstudents.Kidswhohave46outofwindowsdobetteracademically,emotionallyandcreatively.”Hehadan47tobringnatureintoroomsbydevelopinghospitalcurtainsthathecouldprintlandscapesontoasa48tobrightendullrooms.Then,hebroughtlandscapesintoclassrooms—viatheceiling.Rodriguezuseshisphotographyskillstotake360degreeshotsoftree.canopies(树冠).Thenhe49themandfitsthemontotheceiling,sowhenyou50,itfeelslikeyou’resittingunderatree.“Ithasallthoseelementsofthesciencethathelpcalmyoudown,helpyou51andcommunicate.Kidswillwanttocomeinmore52,”hesaid.“It’ssurprisingto53thattherearetreeshere,”onestudentsaidassheenteredtheroomandsawthe54addition.“Iwouldsaythatit’sprettygreatandbeautiful.Treesbringmepeace.”“Thisisa55ofbothmycareersasaschoolpsychologistandaphotographer,”saidRodriguez.41.A.trees. B.ceilings C.windows D.photos42.A.inside B.outside C.downstairs D.upstairs43.A.demand B.concern C.dream D.passion44.A.hard B.useless C.necessary D.endless45.A.connects B.eases C.causes D.increases46.A.time B.access C.thoughts D.views47.A.idea B.approval C.opinion D.impression48.A.guide B.way C.reason D.proposal49.A.collects B.grades C.prints D.cuts50.A.getout B.getup C.lookout D.lookup51.A.play B.eat C.focus D.breathe52.A.frequently B.quickly C.comfortably D.normally53.A.confirm B.see C.fancy D.forget54.A.familiar B.confusing C.new D.usual55.A.characteristic B.combination C.balance D.foundation第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenwetellpeoplethatweopenedacompanythatteachespeopleabouttraditionalChineseculture,andallowsthemtoexperiencethingslikecalligraphy,paintingandtaichi,the56(react)weoftengetis“Why?YouareBritish!YoushouldteachBritishculture!”IwouldalwayssaysimplythatIlovetraditionalChineseculture,andwanttosharethat57others.WhentalkingabouttraditionalChineseculture,wearereferringtothelanguage,philosophies,food,artsandcrafts,andcustomsfromthousandsofyearsagouptothe21stcentury,58havebeenpasseddownthroughthegenerations.AndasanyonewhohasheardanythingaboutChina59(know),withahistoryofanestimated5,000years,thatcoversalotofculture!Traditionalcultureisstill60(high)popularinChina,andthephilosophiesofthousandsofyearsagoarestillvisibleandinfluencingtheculturetoday,evenifnot61(recognise)byname.ThecultureofChina,bothmodernandtraditional,canappearquitedifferentandattimesevendifficult62(understand),whichoftenleadstomisunderstanding.Butthemoreyoulearnandunderstand,the63(well)youknowaboutChina.Ofcourse,thatmeansmorethantakingonecalligraphyclass64tryingouttaichioneafternoon,buteachexperienceyouhavebringsyouclosertoansweringanyquestionsyouhaveand65(close)thegapbetweenyourperceptionandreality.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华，你打算在暑假期间为来华的外国游客当导游。请给某旅游公司写一封邮件，内容包括：1.你为外国游客当导游的申请；2.你为外国游客当导游的优势；3.你为外国游客当导游的理由。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearSir/Madam,I’mLiHua,ahighschoolstudent.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yoursfaithfully,LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Asmymomsays,loveissimp