职称英语理工类考试真题及答案

第第页职称英语理工类考试真题及答案

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumanerror.

A.infle*ibleB.generalC.comple*D.direct

2.Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.

A.turneddeadB.passedby

C.carriedawayD.becomee*tinct

3.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswille*piresoon.

A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume

4.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontentforthistitle.

A.argueB.claimC.wishD.compete

5.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.

A.simpleB.reliableC.effectiveD.alternative

6.Respectforlifeisacardinal??principle??ofthelaw.

A.moralB.regularC.fundamentalD.hard

7.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecamecontaminatedwithlead.

A.pollutedB.treatedC.testedD.corrupted

8.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.

A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat

9.Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter’swedding.

A.wipedB.injectedC.producedD.removed

10.Theydidn’tseemtoappreciatethemagnitudeoftheproblem.

A.e*istenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation

11.Thetowerremainsintacteveraftertwohundredyears.

A.unknownB.unusualC.undamagedD.unstable

12.Manye*pertsremainskepticalabouthisclaims.

A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent

13.Theproposalwasendorsedthemajorityofmembers.

A.rejectedB.submittedC.consideredD.approved

14.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.

A.sendB.spreadC.hearD.confirm

15.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.

A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private

参考答案：ADBDACACCBCADBB

第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)

NewUnderstandingofNaturalSilk’sMysteries

Naturalsilk,asweallknow,hasastrengththatman-madematerialshavelongstruggledtomatch.InadiscoverythatsoundsmorelikeanancientChineseproverbthanamaterialssciencebreakthrough,MITresearchershavediscoveredthatsilkgetsitsstrengthfromitsweakness.Or,morespecifically,itsmanyweaknesses.Silkgetsitse*traordinarydurabilityandductility(柔韧性)fromanunusualarrangementofhydrogenbondsthatareintrinsicallyveryweakbutthatworktogethertocreateastrong,fle*iblestructure.

Togetabetterunderstandingofhowsilkmanagestoproducesuchstrengththroughsuchweakbonds,theMITteamcreatedasetofcomputermodelsthatallowedthemtoobservethewaysilkbehavesattheatomiclevel.Theyfoundthatthearrangementofthetinysilknanocrystals(纳米晶体)issuchthatthehydrogenbondsareabletoworkcooperatively,reinforcingoneanotheragainste*ternalforcesandfailingslowlywhentheydofail,soasnotsoallowasuddenfracturetospreadacrossasilkstructure.

Theresultisnaturalsilksthatcanstretchandbendwhileretainingahighdegreeofstrength.Butwhilethatsallwellandgoodforspiders,beesandthelike,thisunderstandingofsilkgeometrycouldleadtonewmaterialsthatarestrongerandmoreductilethanthosewecancurrentlymanufacture.Ourbestandstrongestmaterialsaregenerallye*pensiveanddifficulttoproduce(requiringhightemperaturetreatmentsorenergy-intensiveprocesses).

Bylookingtosilkasamodel,researcherscouldpotentiallydevisenewmanufacturingmethodsthatrelyonine*pensivematerialsandweakbondstocreatelessrigid,moreforgivingmaterialsthatarenonethelessstrongerthananythingcurrentlyonoffer.Andifyouthoughtyouweregoingtogetoutofthismaterialssciencestorywithouthearingaboutcarbonnanotubes(纳米碳管),thinkagain.TheMITteamisalreadyinthelablookingintowaysofsynthesizingsilk-likestructuresoutofmaterialsthatarestrongerthannaturalsilk—likecarbonnanotubes.Super-silksareonthehorizon.

16.MITresearcherscarryoutthestudytoillustrateanancientChineseproverb.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Silk’sstrengthcomesfromitsweakhydrogenbondsworkingtogether.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Biologistsandengineersareinterestedinunderstandingnaturalsilksbecausetheyareverylightandbrittle.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Ifthehydrogenbondsbreakduetoe*ternalforces,theybreakfast.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.TheMITteamhadtrieddifferentmaterialsbeforetheystudiesnaturalsilkintheresearch.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Carbonnanotubesarecurrentlythemostpopulartopicinmaterialsscience.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.Itisindicatedthatmaterialsstrongerthannaturalsilkcanbee*pectedinthefuture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

参考答案：BABBCBA

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最正确标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最正确选项。

BlackHoles

1Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromane*plosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlye*plodesthencollapses.

2Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whenthesee*plodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)forthee*plosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!

3Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainse*actlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.

4Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholese*istbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulye*ist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygala*ies,spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescane*istformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingala*ies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgala*iesbegantoform.

A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallye*ist?

B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?

C.Howareblackholesformed?

D.Howwereblackholesnamed?

E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?

F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?

23.Paragraph1C

24.Paragraph2F

25.Paragraph3E

26.Paragraph4A

27.Blackholesareformedafter___B___.

28.Whenalargestare*plodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto___C___.

29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof___D___.

30.AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove__E____.

A.thecreationofnewentities

B.ane*plosionofhugestars

C.thetiniestparticle

D.thesameamountofmass

E.thee*istenceofblackholes

F.afractionofaninch

参考答案：CFEABCDE

第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请依据短文内容，为每题确定1个最正确选项。

第一篇ForecastingMethods

Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.Themethodaforecasterchoosesdependsuponthee*perienceoftheforecaster,theamountofinformationavailabletotheforecaster,thelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresents,andthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.

Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Fore*ample,ifitissunnyand87degreestoday,thepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degreestomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltoday,thepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfortomorrow.However,ifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytoday,thepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.

Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfronts,highandlowpressurecenters,andareasofcloudsandprecipitation(降水量).Usingthisinformation,theforecastercanpredictwhereheorshee*pectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Fore*ample,ifastormsystemis1,000mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperday,usingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyourareain4days.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveatthesamespeedinthesamedirectionforalongperiodoftime.Iftheyslowdown,speedup,changeintensity,orchangedirection,thetrendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.

Theclimatology(气候学)methodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolvesaveragingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyyearstomaketheforecast.Fore*ample,ifyouwereusingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherforNewYorkCityonJuly4th,youwouldgothroughalltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakeanaverage.Theclimatologymethodonlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothate*pectedforthechosentimeofyear.Ifthepatternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyear,theclimatologymethodwilloftenfail.

Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolvese*aminingtodaysforecastscenario(模式)andrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenariolookedverysimilar(ananalog).Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwillbehavethesameasitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletofindapredictanalog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesamelocationsastheywereintheprevioustime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrenttimeandtheanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.

31.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedinchoosingaforecastingmethod?

A.Necessaryamountofinformation.

B.Degreeofdifficultyinvolvedinforecasting.

C.Practicalknowledgeoftheforecaster.

D.Creativityoftheforecaster.

32.Thepersistencemethodfailstoworkwellwhen

A.itisrainy.

B.itissunny.

C.weatherconditionsstaystable.

D.weatherconditionschangegreatly.

33.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhen

A.weatherfeaturesareconstantforalongperiodoftime.

B.weatherfeaturesaredefinedwellenough.

C.predictionsonprecipitationareaccurate.

D.thespeedanddirectionofmovementarepredicable.

34.Theanalogmethodshouldnotbeusedinmakingaweatherforecastwhen

A.theanaloglookscomplicated.

B.thecurrentweatherscenarioisdifferentfromtheanalog.

C.theanalogismorethan10yearsold.

D.thecurrentweatherscenarioise*actlythesameastheanalog.

35.Historicalweatherdataarenecessaryin

A.thepersistencemethodandthetrendsmethod.

B.thetrendsmethodandtheclimatologymethod.

C.theclimatologymethodandtheanalogmethod.

D.Thepersistencemethodandtheanalogmethod.

参考答案：DDABC

第二篇StudentsLearnBetterWithTouchscreenDesks

Observethecriticismsofnearlyanymajorpubliceducationsystemintheworld,andafewofthemanycomplaintsaremoreorlessuniversal.Technologymovesfasterthantheeducationsystem.Teachersmustteachatthepaceofthesloweststudentratherthanthefastest.And—particularlyintheUnitedStates—schoolchildrenasagroupdon’tcaremuchfor,ore*cel(擅长)at,mathematics.Soit’shearteningtolearnthatanewkindof“classroomofthefuture”showspromiseatmitigatingsomeoftheseproblems,startingwiththatfundamentalpieceofclassroomfurniture:thedesk.

AUKstudyinvolvingroughly400students,mostlyaged8-10years,andanewgenerationofmulti-touch,multi-user,computerizeddesktopsurfacesisshowingthatoverthelastthreeyearsthetechnologyhasappreciablyboostedstudents’mathskillscomparedtopeerslearningthesamematerialviatheconventionalpaper-and-pencilmethod.How?Throughcollaboration,mostly,aswellasbygivingteachersbettertoolsbywhichtomicromanageindividualstudentswhoneedsomee*trainstructionwhileallowingtherestoftheclasstocontinuemovingforward.

Traditionalinstructionstillshowsrespectableefficacy(效力)atincreasingstudentsfluencyinmathematics,essentiallythroughmemorizationandpractice—dull,repetitivepractice.Buttheresearchershaveconcludedthatthesenewtouchscreendesksboostbothfluencyandfle*ibility—thecriticalthinkingskillsthatallowstudentstosolvecomple*problemsnotsimplythroughknowingformulasanddevices,butbybeingabletofigureoutwhattherealproblemisandthemosteffectivemeansofstrippingitdownandsolvingit.

Onereasonforthis,theresearcherssay,isthemulti-touchaspectofthetechnology.Studentsworkinginthene*t-genclassroomcanworktogetheratthesametabletop,eachofthemcontributingandengagingwiththeproblemaspartofagroup.KnownasSynergyNet,thesoftwareusescomputervisionsystemsthatseeintheinfrared(红外线的)spectrumtodistinguishbetweendifferenttouchesondifferentpartsofthesurface,allowingstudentstoaccessandusetoolsonthescreen,moveobjectsandvisualaidsaroundontheirdesktops,andotherwisephysicallyinteractwiththenumbersandinformationontheirscreens.Byusingthesescreenscollaboratively,theresearcherssay,thestudentsaretosomee*tentteachingthemselvesasthosewithastrongergraspondifficultconceptspullotherstudentsforwardalongwiththem.

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthepubliceducationsystem?

A.Itdoesnotcatchupwiththedevelopmentoftechnology.

B.Teacherspaymoreattentiontofastlearnersthanslowlearners.

C.Somesimilarcomplaintsaboutitareheardindifferentcountries.

D.Manystudentsarenotgoodatlearningmathematics.

37.Whathasbeenfoundafterthenewtechisemployed?

A.Teachersareabletogiveindividualizedattentiontostudentsinneed.

B.Studentsbecomelessactiveinlearningmathematics.

C.Studentsshowpreferencetotheconventionalpaper-and-pencilmethod.

D.Thegapbetweenslowlearnersandfastlearnersgetmorenoticeable.

38.Whatisthebenefitstudentsgetfromthenewtech?

A.Itmakesthemmorefluentinpublicspeech.

B.Itoffersthemmorefle*ibilityinchoosingcourses.

C.Itiseffectiveinhelpingthemsolvephysicalproblems.

D.Itenablesthemtodevelopcriticalthinkingability.

39.Whathappenswhenstudentsareusingthedesktopofthenewtech?

A.Everystudenthasanindividualtabletop.

B.Studentsusedifferenttoolstointeractwitheachother.

C.Themulti-touchfunctionstimulatesstudents.

D.Thesoftwareinstalledautomaticallyidentifiesdifferentusers.

40.Howdoesthenewtechworktoimprovestudents’mathematicallearning?

A.Ithelpsfastlearnerstolearnfaster.

B.Itmakesteachers’instructionunnecessary.

C.Itenablesthemtoworktogether.

D.Itallowsthewholeclasstolearnatthesamepace.

参考答案：BADCC

第三篇OntheTrailoftheHoneyBadgers

OnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesert,ateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabouthoneybadgers(獾).Theteamemployedalocalwildlifee*pert,KitsoKhama,tohelpthemlocateandfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviourasdiscreetly(谨慎地)aspossible,withoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.Theyalsoplannedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingthem.Inviewoftheanimal’sreputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.

“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhentheyseesomethingnew,”hesays.“that,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerousmi*ture.Iftheysenseyouhavefood,fore*ample,theywon’tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.They’reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindanger,theycanbecomee*tremelyvicious(凶狠的).Fortunatelythisisrare,butitdoeshappen.”

Theresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknown.Ase*pected,honeybadgersateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymostotheranimals,werenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprised,however,bytheanimal’sfondnessforlocalmelons,probablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey(猎物).Theteamalsolearntthat,contrarytopreviousresearchfindings,thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearch,includingthefatthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.

Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsource,andmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherspecies.

Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthechancetogetupclosetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal’scuriosity—ortheirsuddenaggression.Thebadgers’eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,returnedtonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworkingassociationswiththehoneybadger,astheseseemstoadoptthebadgers’rela*edattitudewhennearhumans.

41.Whydidthewildlifee*pertsvisittheKalahariDesert?

A.Tofindwherehoneybadgerslive.

B.Toobservehowhoneybadgersbehave.

C.Tocatchsomehoneybadgersforfood.

D.Tofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadreputation.

42.WhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneybadgers?

A.Theyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarwith.

B.Theyarealwayslookingforfood.

C.Theydonotenjoyhumancompany.

D.Itiscommonforthemtoattackpeople.

43.Whatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneybadgers?

A.Thereweresomecreaturestheydidnoteat.

B.Theywereafraidofpoisonouscreatures.

C.Theymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromfruit.

D.Femalebadgersdidnotmi*withmalebadgers.

44.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmalebadgers?

A.Theydon’trunveryquickly.

B.Theyhuntoveraverylargearea.

C.Theydefendtheirterritoryfromotherbadgers.

D.Theyaremoreaggressivethanfemales

45.Whathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundthem?

A.Theybecamelessaggressivetowardsothercreatures.

B.Theystartedeatingmore.

C.Otheranimalsstartedworkingwiththem.

D.Theylostinterestinpeople.

参考答案：BACBD

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的`短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请依据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以复原文章面貌。

ToadsareArthriticandinPain

Arthritis(关节炎)isanillnessthatcancausepainandswellinginyourbones.Toads,abigprobleminthenorthofAustralia,aresufferingfrompainfularthritisintheirlegsandbackbone,anewstudyhasshown.Thetoadsthatjumpthefastestaremorelikelytobelargerandtohavelongerlegs.46__________.

Thelargeyellowtoads,nativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,wereintroducedintothenorth-easternAustralianstateofQueenslandin193Sinanattempttostopbeetlesandotherinsectsfromdestroyingsugarcanecrops.Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadse*istinthecountry,andtheyarerapidlyspreadingthroughthestateofNorthernTerritoryatarateofupto60kmayear.Thetoadscannowbefoundacrossmorethanonemillionsquarekilometers.47__________.AVenezuelanpoisonviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobeabandonedafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies

ThetoadshaveseverelyaffectedecosystemsinAustralia.Animals,andsometimespets,thateatthetoadsdieimmediatelyfromtheirpoison,andthetoadsthemselveseatanythingtheycanfitinsidetheirmouth.48__________.

Aco-authorofthenewstudy,RickShine,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,saysthatlittleattentionhasbeengiventotheproblemsthattoadsface.Rickandhiscolleaguesstudiednearly500toadsfromQueenslandandtheNorthernTerritoryandfoundthatthoseinthelatterstatewereverydifferent.Theywereactive,sprintingdownroadsandbreedingquickly.

Accordingtotheresultsofthestudy,thefastesttoadstravelnearlyonekilometreanight.49__________.Butspeedandstrengthcomeataprice—arthritisofthelegsandbackboneduetoconstantpressureplacedonthem.

Inlaboratorytests,theresearchersfoundthatafterabout15minutesofhopping,arthritictoadswouldtravellessdistancewitheachhop(跳跃).50__________.Thesetoadsaresoprogrammedtomove,apparently,thatevenwheninpainthetoadstravelledasfastandasfarasthehealthyones,continuingtheirrelentlessmarchacrossthelandscape.

A.Toadsarenotbuilttoberoadrunners—theyarebuilttositaroundpondsandwetarea.

48.Thetasknowfacingthecountryishowtoremovethetoads.

47.Furthermore,theysoontakeoverthenaturalhabitatsofAustralia’snativespecies.

49.Toadswithlongerlegsmovefasterandtravellongerdistances,whiletheothersarebeingleftbehind.

46.Butthisadvantagealsohasabigdrawback—upto10%ofthebiggesttoadssufferfromarthritis.

50.Butarthritisdidn’tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratory,theresearchersfound.

参考答案：BCDEF

第6部分：完形填空(第51-65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请依据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项。

BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLight

Solarphotovoltaic(光电的)thermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,but________(51)nowtheyhaven’tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolarthermalcollector.That’sbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocoolcrystallinesilicon(晶体硅)solarcells,________(52)letsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn’taveryefficientwaytogatherheat.

That’saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergythanasolar-electricsystematasubstantiallylower__________(53).Andit’salsoaspaceproblem:photovoltaiccellscan__________(54)upallthespaceontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications.

Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceandengineering,hasdeviseda__________(55)intheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.

Mostsolarpanelsaremadewithcrystallinesilicon,butyoucanalsomakesolarcellsoutofamorphous(非晶形的)silicon,commonlyknownasthin-filmsilicon.Theydon’tcreateasmuchelectricity,buttheyarelighter,fle*ible,andcheaper.And,becausethey__________(57)muchlesssilicon,theyhaveagreenerfootprint.__________(58),thin-filmsiliconsolarcellsarevulnerabletosomebad-newsphysicsintheformoftheStaebler-Wronskieffect.

“Thatmeansthattheirefficiencydropswhenyou__________(59)themtolight—prettymuchtheworstpossibleeffectforasolarcell,”Pearcee*plains,whichisoneofthe__________(60)thin-filmsolarpanelsmakeuponlyasmallfractionofthemarket.

However,Pearceandhisteamfounda__________(61)toengineeraroundtheStaebler-Wronskieffectbyincorporatingthin-filmsiliconinanew_____(62)_____ofPVT.Youdon’thavetocooldownthin-filmsilicontomakeitwork.Infact,Pearce’sgroupdiscoveredthatbyheatingittosolar-thermaloperatingtemperatures,neartheboiling__________(63)ofwater,theycouldmakethickercellsthatlargely_________(64)theStaebler-Wronskieffect.Whentheyappliedthethin-filmsilicondirectlytoasolarthermalenergycollector,theyalsofoundthatbybakingthecellonceaday,they__________(65)thesolarcell’selectricalefficiencybyover10percent.

51.A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.if

52.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.who

53.A.rewardB.billC.payD.cost

54.A.moveB.setC.liveD.take

55.A.decisionB.suggestionC.solutionD.qualification

56.A.forB.byC.withD.as

57.A.retrieveB.mergeC.requireD.e*change

58.A.UnfortunatelyB.CertainlyC.LuckilyD.Immediately

59.A.coverB.relateC.faceD.e*pose

60.A.restrictionsB.advancesC.reasonsD.strengths

61.A.partB.resultC.subjectD.way

62.A.typeB.sizeC.shapeD.brand

63.A.areaB.pointC.placeD.e*tent

64.A.promotedB.improvedC.overcameD.asserted

65.A.boostedB.definedC.wastedD.lower

参考答案：ABDDCDCADCDABCA

2022年职称英语理工类B级考试真题〔2〕

第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均由1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意思最接近的选项。

1.Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.

A.differentB.wrongC.strangeD.funny

2.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.

A.atB.withC.aboutD.from

3.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.

A.foundbychanceB.passedbyC.tookanoticeofD.wokeup

4.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerror.

A.generalB.comple*C.directD.infle*ible

5.Itseemsincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.

A.unbelievableB.rightC.obviousD.unclear

6.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.

A.worriedB.sleepyC.an*iousD.offensive

7.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.

A.sendB.hearC.spreadD.confirm

8.Asapolitician,