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第第页职称英语理工类考试真题及答案
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号,请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumanerror.
A.infle*ibleB.generalC.comple*D.direct
2.Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.
A.turneddeadB.passedby
C.carriedawayD.becomee*tinct
3.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswille*piresoon.
A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume
4.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontentforthistitle.
A.argueB.claimC.wishD.compete
5.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.
A.simpleB.reliableC.effectiveD.alternative
6.Respectforlifeisacardinal??principle??ofthelaw.
A.moralB.regularC.fundamentalD.hard
7.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecamecontaminatedwithlead.
A.pollutedB.treatedC.testedD.corrupted
8.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.
A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat
9.Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter’swedding.
A.wipedB.injectedC.producedD.removed
10.Theydidn’tseemtoappreciatethemagnitudeoftheproblem.
A.e*istenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation
11.Thetowerremainsintacteveraftertwohundredyears.
A.unknownB.unusualC.undamagedD.unstable
12.Manye*pertsremainskepticalabouthisclaims.
A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent
13.Theproposalwasendorsedthemajorityofmembers.
A.rejectedB.submittedC.consideredD.approved
14.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
A.sendB.spreadC.hearD.confirm
15.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.
A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private
参考答案:ADBDACACCBCADBB
第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)
NewUnderstandingofNaturalSilk’sMysteries
Naturalsilk,asweallknow,hasastrengththatman-madematerialshavelongstruggledtomatch.InadiscoverythatsoundsmorelikeanancientChineseproverbthanamaterialssciencebreakthrough,MITresearchershavediscoveredthatsilkgetsitsstrengthfromitsweakness.Or,morespecifically,itsmanyweaknesses.Silkgetsitse*traordinarydurabilityandductility(柔韧性)fromanunusualarrangementofhydrogenbondsthatareintrinsicallyveryweakbutthatworktogethertocreateastrong,fle*iblestructure.
Togetabetterunderstandingofhowsilkmanagestoproducesuchstrengththroughsuchweakbonds,theMITteamcreatedasetofcomputermodelsthatallowedthemtoobservethewaysilkbehavesattheatomiclevel.Theyfoundthatthearrangementofthetinysilknanocrystals(纳米晶体)issuchthatthehydrogenbondsareabletoworkcooperatively,reinforcingoneanotheragainste*ternalforcesandfailingslowlywhentheydofail,soasnotsoallowasuddenfracturetospreadacrossasilkstructure.
Theresultisnaturalsilksthatcanstretchandbendwhileretainingahighdegreeofstrength.Butwhilethatsallwellandgoodforspiders,beesandthelike,thisunderstandingofsilkgeometrycouldleadtonewmaterialsthatarestrongerandmoreductilethanthosewecancurrentlymanufacture.Ourbestandstrongestmaterialsaregenerallye*pensiveanddifficulttoproduce(requiringhightemperaturetreatmentsorenergy-intensiveprocesses).
Bylookingtosilkasamodel,researcherscouldpotentiallydevisenewmanufacturingmethodsthatrelyonine*pensivematerialsandweakbondstocreatelessrigid,moreforgivingmaterialsthatarenonethelessstrongerthananythingcurrentlyonoffer.Andifyouthoughtyouweregoingtogetoutofthismaterialssciencestorywithouthearingaboutcarbonnanotubes(纳米碳管),thinkagain.TheMITteamisalreadyinthelablookingintowaysofsynthesizingsilk-likestructuresoutofmaterialsthatarestrongerthannaturalsilk—likecarbonnanotubes.Super-silksareonthehorizon.
16.MITresearcherscarryoutthestudytoillustrateanancientChineseproverb.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Silk’sstrengthcomesfromitsweakhydrogenbondsworkingtogether.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Biologistsandengineersareinterestedinunderstandingnaturalsilksbecausetheyareverylightandbrittle.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.Ifthehydrogenbondsbreakduetoe*ternalforces,theybreakfast.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.TheMITteamhadtrieddifferentmaterialsbeforetheystudiesnaturalsilkintheresearch.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Carbonnanotubesarecurrentlythemostpopulartopicinmaterialsscience.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.Itisindicatedthatmaterialsstrongerthannaturalsilkcanbee*pectedinthefuture.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
参考答案:BABBCBA
第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最正确标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最正确选项。
BlackHoles
1Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromane*plosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlye*plodesthencollapses.
2Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whenthesee*plodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)forthee*plosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!
3Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainse*actlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholese*istbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulye*ist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygala*ies,spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescane*istformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingala*ies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgala*iesbegantoform.
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallye*ist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
23.Paragraph1C
24.Paragraph2F
25.Paragraph3E
26.Paragraph4A
27.Blackholesareformedafter___B___.
28.Whenalargestare*plodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto___C___.
29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof___D___.
30.AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove__E____.
A.thecreationofnewentities
B.ane*plosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticle
D.thesameamountofmass
E.thee*istenceofblackholes
F.afractionofaninch
参考答案:CFEABCDE
第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请依据短文内容,为每题确定1个最正确选项。
第一篇ForecastingMethods
Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.Themethodaforecasterchoosesdependsuponthee*perienceoftheforecaster,theamountofinformationavailabletotheforecaster,thelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresents,andthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.
Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Fore*ample,ifitissunnyand87degreestoday,thepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degreestomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltoday,thepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfortomorrow.However,ifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytoday,thepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.
Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfronts,highandlowpressurecenters,andareasofcloudsandprecipitation(降水量).Usingthisinformation,theforecastercanpredictwhereheorshee*pectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Fore*ample,ifastormsystemis1,000mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperday,usingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyourareain4days.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveatthesamespeedinthesamedirectionforalongperiodoftime.Iftheyslowdown,speedup,changeintensity,orchangedirection,thetrendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.
Theclimatology(气候学)methodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolvesaveragingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyyearstomaketheforecast.Fore*ample,ifyouwereusingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherforNewYorkCityonJuly4th,youwouldgothroughalltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakeanaverage.Theclimatologymethodonlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothate*pectedforthechosentimeofyear.Ifthepatternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyear,theclimatologymethodwilloftenfail.
Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolvese*aminingtodaysforecastscenario(模式)andrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenariolookedverysimilar(ananalog).Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwillbehavethesameasitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvirtuallyimpossibletofindapredictanalog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesamelocationsastheywereintheprevioustime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrenttimeandtheanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.
31.WhichofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedinchoosingaforecastingmethod?
A.Necessaryamountofinformation.
B.Degreeofdifficultyinvolvedinforecasting.
C.Practicalknowledgeoftheforecaster.
D.Creativityoftheforecaster.
32.Thepersistencemethodfailstoworkwellwhen
A.itisrainy.
B.itissunny.
C.weatherconditionsstaystable.
D.weatherconditionschangegreatly.
33.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhen
A.weatherfeaturesareconstantforalongperiodoftime.
B.weatherfeaturesaredefinedwellenough.
C.predictionsonprecipitationareaccurate.
D.thespeedanddirectionofmovementarepredicable.
34.Theanalogmethodshouldnotbeusedinmakingaweatherforecastwhen
A.theanaloglookscomplicated.
B.thecurrentweatherscenarioisdifferentfromtheanalog.
C.theanalogismorethan10yearsold.
D.thecurrentweatherscenarioise*actlythesameastheanalog.
35.Historicalweatherdataarenecessaryin
A.thepersistencemethodandthetrendsmethod.
B.thetrendsmethodandtheclimatologymethod.
C.theclimatologymethodandtheanalogmethod.
D.Thepersistencemethodandtheanalogmethod.
参考答案:DDABC
第二篇StudentsLearnBetterWithTouchscreenDesks
Observethecriticismsofnearlyanymajorpubliceducationsystemintheworld,andafewofthemanycomplaintsaremoreorlessuniversal.Technologymovesfasterthantheeducationsystem.Teachersmustteachatthepaceofthesloweststudentratherthanthefastest.And—particularlyintheUnitedStates—schoolchildrenasagroupdon’tcaremuchfor,ore*cel(擅长)at,mathematics.Soit’shearteningtolearnthatanewkindof“classroomofthefuture”showspromiseatmitigatingsomeoftheseproblems,startingwiththatfundamentalpieceofclassroomfurniture:thedesk.
AUKstudyinvolvingroughly400students,mostlyaged8-10years,andanewgenerationofmulti-touch,multi-user,computerizeddesktopsurfacesisshowingthatoverthelastthreeyearsthetechnologyhasappreciablyboostedstudents’mathskillscomparedtopeerslearningthesamematerialviatheconventionalpaper-and-pencilmethod.How?Throughcollaboration,mostly,aswellasbygivingteachersbettertoolsbywhichtomicromanageindividualstudentswhoneedsomee*trainstructionwhileallowingtherestoftheclasstocontinuemovingforward.
Traditionalinstructionstillshowsrespectableefficacy(效力)atincreasingstudentsfluencyinmathematics,essentiallythroughmemorizationandpractice—dull,repetitivepractice.Buttheresearchershaveconcludedthatthesenewtouchscreendesksboostbothfluencyandfle*ibility—thecriticalthinkingskillsthatallowstudentstosolvecomple*problemsnotsimplythroughknowingformulasanddevices,butbybeingabletofigureoutwhattherealproblemisandthemosteffectivemeansofstrippingitdownandsolvingit.
Onereasonforthis,theresearcherssay,isthemulti-touchaspectofthetechnology.Studentsworkinginthene*t-genclassroomcanworktogetheratthesametabletop,eachofthemcontributingandengagingwiththeproblemaspartofagroup.KnownasSynergyNet,thesoftwareusescomputervisionsystemsthatseeintheinfrared(红外线的)spectrumtodistinguishbetweendifferenttouchesondifferentpartsofthesurface,allowingstudentstoaccessandusetoolsonthescreen,moveobjectsandvisualaidsaroundontheirdesktops,andotherwisephysicallyinteractwiththenumbersandinformationontheirscreens.Byusingthesescreenscollaboratively,theresearcherssay,thestudentsaretosomee*tentteachingthemselvesasthosewithastrongergraspondifficultconceptspullotherstudentsforwardalongwiththem.
36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthepubliceducationsystem?
A.Itdoesnotcatchupwiththedevelopmentoftechnology.
B.Teacherspaymoreattentiontofastlearnersthanslowlearners.
C.Somesimilarcomplaintsaboutitareheardindifferentcountries.
D.Manystudentsarenotgoodatlearningmathematics.
37.Whathasbeenfoundafterthenewtechisemployed?
A.Teachersareabletogiveindividualizedattentiontostudentsinneed.
B.Studentsbecomelessactiveinlearningmathematics.
C.Studentsshowpreferencetotheconventionalpaper-and-pencilmethod.
D.Thegapbetweenslowlearnersandfastlearnersgetmorenoticeable.
38.Whatisthebenefitstudentsgetfromthenewtech?
A.Itmakesthemmorefluentinpublicspeech.
B.Itoffersthemmorefle*ibilityinchoosingcourses.
C.Itiseffectiveinhelpingthemsolvephysicalproblems.
D.Itenablesthemtodevelopcriticalthinkingability.
39.Whathappenswhenstudentsareusingthedesktopofthenewtech?
A.Everystudenthasanindividualtabletop.
B.Studentsusedifferenttoolstointeractwitheachother.
C.Themulti-touchfunctionstimulatesstudents.
D.Thesoftwareinstalledautomaticallyidentifiesdifferentusers.
40.Howdoesthenewtechworktoimprovestudents’mathematicallearning?
A.Ithelpsfastlearnerstolearnfaster.
B.Itmakesteachers’instructionunnecessary.
C.Itenablesthemtoworktogether.
D.Itallowsthewholeclasstolearnatthesamepace.
参考答案:BADCC
第三篇OntheTrailoftheHoneyBadgers
OnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesert,ateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabouthoneybadgers(獾).Theteamemployedalocalwildlifee*pert,KitsoKhama,tohelpthemlocateandfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers’movementsandbehaviourasdiscreetly(谨慎地)aspossible,withoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthemtochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.Theyalsoplannedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbeforereleasingthem.Inviewoftheanimal’sreputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawasreluctanttodo.
“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarenaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhentheyseesomethingnew,”hesays.“that,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerousmi*ture.Iftheysenseyouhavefood,fore*ample,theywon’tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyouforsomethingtoeat.They’reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonastheyfeeltheymightbeindanger,theycanbecomee*tremelyvicious(凶狠的).Fortunatelythisisrare,butitdoeshappen.”
Theresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknown.Ase*pected,honeybadgersateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymostotheranimals,werenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprised,however,bytheanimal’sfondnessforlocalmelons,probablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchersthoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey(猎物).Theteamalsolearntthat,contrarytopreviousresearchfindings,thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearch,includingthefatthatfemalebadgersneversocializedwitheachother.
Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesinashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Althoughtheyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveranimportantfoodsource,andmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyaretowardsotherspecies.
Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthechancetogetupclosetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal’scuriosity—ortheirsuddenaggression.Thebadgers’eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,returnedtonormal.Italsoallowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworkingassociationswiththehoneybadger,astheseseemstoadoptthebadgers’rela*edattitudewhennearhumans.
41.Whydidthewildlifee*pertsvisittheKalahariDesert?
A.Tofindwherehoneybadgerslive.
B.Toobservehowhoneybadgersbehave.
C.Tocatchsomehoneybadgersforfood.
D.Tofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadreputation.
42.WhatdoesKitsoKhamasayabouthoneybadgers?
A.Theyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarwith.
B.Theyarealwayslookingforfood.
C.Theydonotenjoyhumancompany.
D.Itiscommonforthemtoattackpeople.
43.Whatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneybadgers?
A.Thereweresomecreaturestheydidnoteat.
B.Theywereafraidofpoisonouscreatures.
C.Theymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromfruit.
D.Femalebadgersdidnotmi*withmalebadgers.
44.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmalebadgers?
A.Theydon’trunveryquickly.
B.Theyhuntoveraverylargearea.
C.Theydefendtheirterritoryfromotherbadgers.
D.Theyaremoreaggressivethanfemales
45.Whathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundthem?
A.Theybecamelessaggressivetowardsothercreatures.
B.Theystartedeatingmore.
C.Otheranimalsstartedworkingwiththem.
D.Theylostinterestinpeople.
参考答案:BACBD
第5部分:补全短文(第46-50题,每题2分,共10分)
下面的`短文有5处空白,短文后有6个句子,其中5个取自短文,请依据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置,以复原文章面貌。
ToadsareArthriticandinPain
Arthritis(关节炎)isanillnessthatcancausepainandswellinginyourbones.Toads,abigprobleminthenorthofAustralia,aresufferingfrompainfularthritisintheirlegsandbackbone,anewstudyhasshown.Thetoadsthatjumpthefastestaremorelikelytobelargerandtohavelongerlegs.46__________.
Thelargeyellowtoads,nativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,wereintroducedintothenorth-easternAustralianstateofQueenslandin193Sinanattempttostopbeetlesandotherinsectsfromdestroyingsugarcanecrops.Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadse*istinthecountry,andtheyarerapidlyspreadingthroughthestateofNorthernTerritoryatarateofupto60kmayear.Thetoadscannowbefoundacrossmorethanonemillionsquarekilometers.47__________.AVenezuelanpoisonviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobeabandonedafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies
ThetoadshaveseverelyaffectedecosystemsinAustralia.Animals,andsometimespets,thateatthetoadsdieimmediatelyfromtheirpoison,andthetoadsthemselveseatanythingtheycanfitinsidetheirmouth.48__________.
Aco-authorofthenewstudy,RickShine,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,saysthatlittleattentionhasbeengiventotheproblemsthattoadsface.Rickandhiscolleaguesstudiednearly500toadsfromQueenslandandtheNorthernTerritoryandfoundthatthoseinthelatterstatewereverydifferent.Theywereactive,sprintingdownroadsandbreedingquickly.
Accordingtotheresultsofthestudy,thefastesttoadstravelnearlyonekilometreanight.49__________.Butspeedandstrengthcomeataprice—arthritisofthelegsandbackboneduetoconstantpressureplacedonthem.
Inlaboratorytests,theresearchersfoundthatafterabout15minutesofhopping,arthritictoadswouldtravellessdistancewitheachhop(跳跃).50__________.Thesetoadsaresoprogrammedtomove,apparently,thatevenwheninpainthetoadstravelledasfastandasfarasthehealthyones,continuingtheirrelentlessmarchacrossthelandscape.
A.Toadsarenotbuilttoberoadrunners—theyarebuilttositaroundpondsandwetarea.
48.Thetasknowfacingthecountryishowtoremovethetoads.
47.Furthermore,theysoontakeoverthenaturalhabitatsofAustralia’snativespecies.
49.Toadswithlongerlegsmovefasterandtravellongerdistances,whiletheothersarebeingleftbehind.
46.Butthisadvantagealsohasabigdrawback—upto10%ofthebiggesttoadssufferfromarthritis.
50.Butarthritisdidn’tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratory,theresearchersfound.
参考答案:BCDEF
第6部分:完形填空(第51-65题,每题1分,共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白,请依据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项。
BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLight
Solarphotovoltaic(光电的)thermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,but________(51)nowtheyhaven’tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolarthermalcollector.That’sbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocoolcrystallinesilicon(晶体硅)solarcells,________(52)letsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn’taveryefficientwaytogatherheat.
That’saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergythanasolar-electricsystematasubstantiallylower__________(53).Andit’salsoaspaceproblem:photovoltaiccellscan__________(54)upallthespaceontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications.
Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceandengineering,hasdeviseda__________(55)intheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.
Mostsolarpanelsaremadewithcrystallinesilicon,butyoucanalsomakesolarcellsoutofamorphous(非晶形的)silicon,commonlyknownasthin-filmsilicon.Theydon’tcreateasmuchelectricity,buttheyarelighter,fle*ible,andcheaper.And,becausethey__________(57)muchlesssilicon,theyhaveagreenerfootprint.__________(58),thin-filmsiliconsolarcellsarevulnerabletosomebad-newsphysicsintheformoftheStaebler-Wronskieffect.
“Thatmeansthattheirefficiencydropswhenyou__________(59)themtolight—prettymuchtheworstpossibleeffectforasolarcell,”Pearcee*plains,whichisoneofthe__________(60)thin-filmsolarpanelsmakeuponlyasmallfractionofthemarket.
However,Pearceandhisteamfounda__________(61)toengineeraroundtheStaebler-Wronskieffectbyincorporatingthin-filmsiliconinanew_____(62)_____ofPVT.Youdon’thavetocooldownthin-filmsilicontomakeitwork.Infact,Pearce’sgroupdiscoveredthatbyheatingittosolar-thermaloperatingtemperatures,neartheboiling__________(63)ofwater,theycouldmakethickercellsthatlargely_________(64)theStaebler-Wronskieffect.Whentheyappliedthethin-filmsilicondirectlytoasolarthermalenergycollector,theyalsofoundthatbybakingthecellonceaday,they__________(65)thesolarcell’selectricalefficiencybyover10percent.
51.A.untilB.unlessC.whenD.if
52.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.who
53.A.rewardB.billC.payD.cost
54.A.moveB.setC.liveD.take
55.A.decisionB.suggestionC.solutionD.qualification
56.A.forB.byC.withD.as
57.A.retrieveB.mergeC.requireD.e*change
58.A.UnfortunatelyB.CertainlyC.LuckilyD.Immediately
59.A.coverB.relateC.faceD.e*pose
60.A.restrictionsB.advancesC.reasonsD.strengths
61.A.partB.resultC.subjectD.way
62.A.typeB.sizeC.shapeD.brand
63.A.areaB.pointC.placeD.e*tent
64.A.promotedB.improvedC.overcameD.asserted
65.A.boostedB.definedC.wastedD.lower
参考答案:ABDDCDCADCDABCA
2022年职称英语理工类B级考试真题〔2〕
第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均由1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意思最接近的选项。
1.Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.
A.differentB.wrongC.strangeD.funny
2.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.
A.atB.withC.aboutD.from
3.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.
A.foundbychanceB.passedbyC.tookanoticeofD.wokeup
4.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerror.
A.generalB.comple*C.directD.infle*ible
5.Itseemsincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
A.unbelievableB.rightC.obviousD.unclear
6.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.
A.worriedB.sleepyC.an*iousD.offensive
7.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
A.sendB.hearC.spreadD.confirm
8.Asapolitician,
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