人教版高中英语选择性学案UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION预习

Ⅰ.匹配词义a．匹配下列单词词义()1.emission A．vt.&vi()2.fuel B．vt.对……处以罚款()3.worldwide C．vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良()4.broadcast D．n.公司；企业；事业()5.policy E．vt.恢复；使复原；修复()6.reform F．n.燃料；刺激性言行()7.submit G．n.政策；方针；原则()8.enterprise H．vt.&vi n．广播节目；电视节目()9.restore I．n.排放物；散发物；排放()10.fine J．adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的[答案]1—5IFJHG6—10CADEBb．匹配下列短语词义()1.resultin A．许多；很多()2.takeaction B．对……产生影响()3.carryout C．指的是()4.dozensof D．被困在；陷入困境；陷入()5.haveanimpacton E．采取措施()6.referto F．导致()7.betrappedin G．执行；实施()8.onbehalfof H．代表(代替)某人[答案]1—5FEGAB6—8CDHⅡ.默写单词1．meltvi.&vt. (使)融化；熔化；软化2．implementvt. 使生效；贯彻；执行3．moderateadj. 适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt. 缓和；使适中4．annualadj. 每年的；一年的n. 年刊；年鉴5．volumen. 量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷6．campaignn. 运动；战役vi.&vt. 参加运动；领导运动7．sensitiveadj. 敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的8．nuclearadj. 原子能的；核能的；原子核的9．garbagen. 垃圾；废物10．ecologyn. 生态；生态学Ⅰ.选词填空restore；trend；sensitive；release；melt；submit；campaign；worldwide；undergo；policy1．Thesnowhadmelted，butthelakewasstillfrozensolid.2．Humouriswonderfulforreleasingtension.3．Hisbookshavesoldmorethan20millioncopiesworldwide．4．Thereisagrowingtrendtowardsearlierretirement.5．Thepanyhasadoptedafirmpolicyonshoplifting.6．Somechildrenundergoapletetransformationwhentheybeeteenagers.7．TheysubmittedtheirreportstotheChancelloryesterday.8．Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople'sfeelings.9．Shemaynothavethemoneytomaintainorrestoreherhouse.10．Todaypolicelaunchedacampaigntoreduceroadaccidents.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvation(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.2．Makingthehousehabitable(habit)wasamajorundertaking.3．Thisiswhythefocusnowisonsustainable(sustain)development.4．TheRoughGuidetoNepalisaprehensive(prehension)guidetotheregion.5．Ifrequently(frequent)usesunflowersassymbolsofstrength.6．Thegovernmenthasagreedtoliftrestrictions(restrict)onpressfreedom.7．Itisaharmonious(harmony)munitywherepupilsarehappyandindustrious.8．Yetmuchoftheirsuccessreflectsgoodmanagementandgoodregulations(regular)．9．Allproductshavetopassstrictinspection(inspect)beforetheygoout.10．Histoleration(tolerate)ofherbehaviouramazedme.1．Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody，allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones”.据发现其尸体的科学家称，北极熊仅存的只是“皮包骨头”。2．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea­icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.专家称，由于气候变化导致的海洋冰川位置低意味着这只熊不能像以前那样捕猎海豹，因此它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。3．Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwomonmeanings：the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man­made”greenhouseeffect.气候学家经常提到一个关键的过程，叫作“温室效应”，它有两个共同的含义：“自然”温室效应和“人为”温室效应。4．Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethaneandcarbondioxide，trapsomeoftheheat，keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitable.大气层中的温室气体，如甲烷和二氧化碳，捕获了一些热量，保持了地球气候的温暖和宜居。5．Thereisstrongandprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.有确凿而全面的证据表明，气温上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多，不仅造成严重破坏，而且造成人员伤亡。名师圈点①decaden．十年②graphn．图；图表；曲线图③atmospheren．大气层；氛围④meltvi.&vtmeltingice正在融化的冰⑤evidencen．证据；根据⑥dramaticadj.巨大的；令人震惊的；戏剧性的⑦Svalbard斯瓦尔巴群岛(又译斯瓦尔巴特、斯匹次卑尔根群岛)意为冷岸海岸。位于北极地区的群岛，是挪威最北界国土范围的属地，它坐落在欧洲大陆北方，于挪威大陆与北极点两者之间。⑧skinandbone皮包骨头⑨starvevi.&vtstarvationn．饥饿；挨饿；饿死⑩claimvt.宣称；声明；断言⑪alarmingadj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的；引起恐慌的⑫haveanimpacton...对……产生影响⑬ecologyn．生态；生态学⑭averageadj.平均的n．平均数⑮referto指的是；参考；查阅⑯short­wave短波的⑰releasevt.&n.排放；释放；发布⑱lengthn．长；长度⑲methanen．甲烷；沼气⑳carbondioxide二氧化碳eq\o(○,\s\up3(21))habitableadj.适合居住的eq\o(○,\s\up3(22))sustainvt.维持；遭受；承受住eq\o(○,\s\up3(23))extraadj.额外的eq\o(○,\s\up3(24))fossiln．化石eq\o(○,\s\up3(25))betrappedin被困在；陷入困境；陷入eq\o(○,\s\up3(26))prehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；详尽的eq\o(○,\s\up3(27))extremeadj.极度的；极端的eq\o(○,\s\up3(28))worldwideadj.遍及全球地eq\o(○,\s\up3(29))appropriateadj.适当的；恰当的eq\o(○,\s\up3(30))trendn．趋势；趋向；动向eq\o(○,\s\up3(31))broadcastvt.&vi.播送；广播；传播eq\o(○,\s\up3(32))emissionn．排放物；散发物；排放eq\o(○,\s\up3(33))resultin导致eq\o(○,\s\up3(34))long­lasting持久的；长期的eq\o(○,\s\up3(35))individualn．个人eq\o(○,\s\up3(36))carbonfootprint碳足迹eq\o(○,\s\up3(37))restrictvt.限制；限定；束缚eq\o(○,\s\up3(38))seizevt.抓住；夺取；控制原文呈现CLIMATECHANGEREQUIRESTHEWORLD'SATTENTIONWehaveknownaboutclimatechangefordecades①.ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer(seethegraph②)．[1]Awarmingoceanandatmosphere③alongwithmelting④iceandrisingsealevelsprovideevidence⑤ofadramatic⑥changeintheglobalclimate.[1]Thereisnodoubtthat...……不容置疑的。In2013，alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthatwasfoundon[2]Norway'sArcticislandofSvalbard⑦.Accordingtothescientistswhofounditsdeadbody，allthatremainedofthepolarbearwas“skinandbones⑧”．Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody[3]，thebearappearedtohavestarved⑨anddied.Expertsclaimed⑩thatlowsea­icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.Thisalarming⑪caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpacton⑫Earth'secology⑬.[2]that引导定语从句，修饰adeadbear。[3]who引导定语从句修饰anexpert；that引导宾语从句。Thenwhatiscausingtheincreaseintheglobalaverage⑭surfacetemperature?Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwomonmeanings[4]:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man­made”greenhouseeffect.The“natural”greenhouseeffectrefersto⑮thefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort­wave⑯radiation[5]．Theheatisreleased⑰backintospaceatlongerwavelengths⑱.Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere，suchasmethane⑲andcarbondioxide⑳，trapsomeoftheheat，keepingEarth'sclimatewarmandhabitableeq\o(○,\s\up9(21)).Withoutthisprocess，Earthcouldnotsustaineq\o(○,\s\up9(22))life.However，the“man­made”greenhouseeffecthasnowbeeabigproblem.Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextraeq\o(○,\s\up9(23))greenhousegasesbyburningfossileq\o(○,\s\up9(24))fuels，moreheatenergyistrappedineq\o(○,\s\up9(25))theatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.[4]called...是过去分词短语作定语；which引导非限定性定语从句。[5]that引导同位语从句，解释thefact。Thereisstrongandprehensiveeq\o(○,\s\up9(26))evidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeeq\o(○,\s\up9(27))weatherandnaturaldisastersworldwideeq\o(○,\s\up9(28))，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives[6]．Climatescientistshavewarnedthatifwedonottakeappropriateeq\o(○,\s\up9(29))actions，thiswarmingtrendeq\o(○,\s\up9(30))willprobablycontinueandtherewillbeahigherpricetopay.Infact，newsreportsarefrequentlybroadcasteq\o(○,\s\up9(31))aboutextremerainstormsandheatwavescausingdeathsandeconomiclosses.[6]that引导同位语从句，解释evidence；causing和costing在句中作结果状语。Continuedgreenhousegasemissionseq\o(○,\s\up9(32))willresultineq\o(○,\s\up9(33))furtherwarmingandlong­lastingeq\o(○,\s\up9(34))changestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasurestoreducegreenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualseq\o(○,\s\up9(35))canalsoreduceour“carbonfootprinteq\o(○,\s\up9(36))”byrestrictingeq\o(○,\s\up9(37))theamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeq\o(○,\s\up9(38))everyopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming，alongwithitscausesandimpacts，becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffecting