版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
FREETHRIVELEAD
ISSN2443-5228
European
commission
2021reporton
genderequalityintheEU
Justice
andConsumers
TheEuropeanCommissionisnotliableforanyconsequencestemmingfromthereuseofthispublication.
Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2021
©EuropeanUnion,2021
ThereusepolicyofEuropeanCommissiondocumentsisimplementedbyCommissionDecision2011/833/EUof12December2011onthereuseofCommissiondocuments(OJL330,14.12.2011,p.39).
Unlessotherwisenoted,thereuseofthisdocumentisauthorisedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution
4.0International(CC-BY4.0)licence(
/licenses/by/4.0/
).Thismeansthatreuseisallowedprovidedappropriatecreditisgivenandanychangesareindicated.
ForanyuseorreproductionofelementsthatarenotownedbytheEuropeanUnion,permissionmayneedtobesoughtdirectlyfromtherespectiverightholders.
ISBN978-92-76-30153-0
ISSN1831-2802
doi:10.2838/04403
DS-AU-21-001-EN-C
ISBN978-92-76-30152-3
ISSN2443-5228
doi:10.2838/57887
DS-AU-21-001-EN-N
HTML
ISBN978-92-76-30151-6
ISSN2443-5228
doi:10.2838/716099
DS-AU-21-001-EN-Q
1
Countrycodes
EuropeanUnion
EU
Austria
AT
Belgium
BE
Bulgaria
BG
Croatia
HR
Cyprus
CY
CzechRepublic
CZ
Denmark
DK
Estonia
EE
Finland
FI
France
FR
Germany
DE
Greece
EL
Hungary
HU
Ireland
IE
Italy
IT
Latvia
LV
Lithuania
LT
Luxembourg
LU
Malta
MT
Netherlands
NL
Poland
PL
Portugal
PT
Romania
RO
Slovakia
SK
Slovenia
SI
Spain
ES
Sweden
SE
UnitedKingdom
UK
2
Contents
INTRODUCTION3
FREEFROMVIOLENCEANDSTEREOTYPES5
ImpactofCovid-19ongender-basedviolence5
Endinggender-basedviolence8
Onlineviolence10
Harassmentintheworldofwork11
Femalegenitalmutilation,
‘honour-related’violence13
Traffickinginhumanbeings14
Supportingvictimsofgender-basedviolence15
Challengingstereotypesthroughprevention
andeducation17
THRIVINGINAGENDER-EQUALECONOMY21
ImpactofCovid-19onwomen’sparticipation
inthelabourmarket21
Women’sparticipationinthelabourmarket25
Segregatedlabourmarketsandundervaluation
acrossdifferentsectorsoftheeconomy28
Closingthegendergapinpayandpensions31
Improvingwork-lifebalanceandnarrowing
thegendercaregap32
LEADINGEQUALLYTHROUGHSOCIETY37
Genderbalanceindecisionmakingduring
theCOVID-19pandemic37
Womenineconomicdecision-making38
Womeninpoliticaldecision-making42
GENDERMAINSTREAMING47
COVID-19Response47
StrengtheninggendermainstreamingatEUlevel49
Strengtheninggendermainstreaming
intheEU’snewlong-termbudget51
Anintersectionalapproachtogenderequality53
MonitoringtheGenderEqualityStrategy54
PROMOTINGGENDEREQUALITYANDWOMEN’S
EMPOWERMENTACROSSTHEWORLD56
EU’sglobalresponsetotheCOVID-19pandemic56
TheEU’snewroadmapforagenderequalworld58
TheEU’sexternalactionagainst
gender-basedviolence58
EU‘sglobalpartnershipsandactionongender
equalityandwomen’sempowerment59
GendermainstreaminginEU’sexternalaction61
CONCLUSION63
3
INTRODUCTION
Oneyearago,on5March2020,theCommissionadopteditsGenderEqualityStrategy2020-2025.ThestrategywasthefirstdeliverableonPresidentvonderLeyen’scommitmenttoaUnionofEquality.Itsetsoutanambitiousframeworkforthenext5years,formallyendorsedbytheCommission,onhowtoadvancegenderequalityinEuropeandbeyond.ThestrategyisbasedonavisionforaEuropewherewomenandmen,girlsandboys,inalltheirdiversity,arefreefromviolenceandstereotypesandhavetheopportunitytothriveandtolead.
Thisisthefirstreportunderthenewstrategy.IttakesstockofwheretheEUanditsMemberStatesstandongenderequalityoneyearaftertheadoptionoftheStrategy.ItsetsouttheEU’sachievementsandgivesinspiringexamplesfromtheMemberStatesandEU-fundedprojectsforeachofthestrategy’sfivekeyareas:
>Beingfreefromviolenceandstereotypes
>Thrivinginagenderequaleconomy
>Leadingequallythroughoutsociety
>Gendermainstreamingandfunding
>Promotinggenderequalityandwomen’sempowermentacrosstheworld.
ThepastyearhasbeenmarkedbytheCOVID-19pan-demic,whichhasproventobeamajorchallengeforgenderequality.Thepandemichasexacerbatedexistinginequalitiesbetweenwomenandmeninalmostallareasoflife,bothinEuropeandbeyond.ThereportpresentstheavailabledataonthegenderedimpactoftheCOVID-19crisisfor
eachareaofthestrategyandoutlinesthemeasurestheEUandMemberStateshavetakentomitigatetheseeffects.
DespitethechallengesarisingfromtheCOVID-19crisis,theCommissionmadesignificanteffortstomoveforwardwiththeimplementationoftheGenderEqualityStrategyoverthepastyear.Itsteppedupitsfightagainstgender-basedviolencebypublishing,inJune2020,it’sfirst-everEUvictims’rightsstrategyandbylaunching,inFebruary2021,anopenpublicconsultationonanewlegislativeinitiativetobettersupportvictimsandprosecuteperpetratorsofgender-basedviolence.ItalsocontinueditseffortstoaccedetotheIstanbulConvention.TheCommissionaddressedtheissueofonlineviolencewithitsproposalforaDigitalServicesAct,adoptedinDecember2020,whichclarifiestheresponsibili-tiesofonlineplatforms,therebycontributingtomakingtheinternetsaferforwomen.WiththeadoptionoftheproposalforaDirectivestrengtheningtheequalpayprinciplethroughpaytransparencyandenforcementmechanismsinearlyMarch2021,theCommissionhastakenamajorsteptoimprovetherespectoftherighttoequalpayandtacklepaydiscrimination.AlsoinearlyMarch2021,theCommissionadoptedanActionPlantoimplementtheEuropeanPillarofSocialRights,whichputsgenderequalityatitscoreandestablishes,amongstothers,ambitioustargetsforwomen’sparticipationinthelabourmarketandtheprovisionofearlychildhoodeducationandcarewhichisveryimportantinthiscontext.Inthe2020DigitalEducationActionPlanandtheEuropeanSkillsAgenda,theCommissionannouncedarangeofactionstoensurethatgirlsandyoungwomenparticipateequallyinICTstudiesanddeveloptheirdigitalskills.TheCommissionitselfmadeprogressonwomen’sparticipationinpoliticsandincreasedfemalerepresentationindecision-making,withthefirst-evergender-balancedCol-legeofCommissionersintheEU’shistory.TheCommission
4
alsostrengthenedgenderequalityandwomen’sempower-mentoutsideoftheEUthroughthenewGenderActionPlan(GAPIII)for2021-2025.Thenewmulti-annualfinancialframeworkfor2021-2027promotesgender-equalityboththroughstrengthenedgendermainstreamingandtargetedactionsofspecificEUspendingprogrammes.TheNextGen-erationEUrecoveryinstrumentrequiresMemberStatestoexplainhowthemeasuresintheirnationalrecoveryplanswillcontributetogenderequality,thusensuringagenderequalandfairrecoveryintheEU.
TheimplementationoftheGenderEqualityStrategytakesadualapproachcomprisinggendermainstreamingandtargetedmeasurestoaddressgenderinequality.Asinter-sectionalityisahorizontalprincipleforitsimplementation,thestrategyisreflectedintheotherequalitystrategiesthathavefollowedafterit.ThisincludestheEURomastrate-gicframeworkforequality,inclusionandparticipationfor2020-2030,theLGBTIQequalitystrategy2020-2025,theEUAnti-racismactionplan2020-2025andtheStrategyontherightsofpersonswithdisabilities2021-2030.
5
Freefromviolenceandstereotypes
FREEFROMVIOLENCEANDSTEREOTYPES
Atthecoreofgenderinequalities,gender-basedviolencecon-tinuestobeanendemicproblemdisproportionatelyaffectingwomenandgirls.1Theperpetratorisanintimatepartnerforoneinfivewomenexperiencingsuchacts2andinoverhalfofthefemalemurdervictimcases.3ThemostrecentresultsoftheFundamentalRightsSurveyfurtherconfirmthispheno-menonfromtheperspectiveofabroaderexperienceoncrime.Womenaremorelikelytoexperienceincidencesofviolenceoc-curringwithinthehousehold,ofsexualnatureandperpetratedmoreoftenbyafamilymemberorrelative.4Gender-basedviolenceconstitutesamajorbarrierinthepathtowardgenderequality.Itisaviolationofthevictim’shumanrights,dignityand,intheworstcases,righttolife.Amidgrowingthreatstogenderequality,amplifiedbytheoutbreakofCOVID-19anditssocio-economicconsequences,endinggender-basedviolenceisakeyEUpolicyobjective.ItremainsamongthemaingoalsoftheEUgenderequalitystrategyfor2020-2025.
IMPACTOFCOVID-19ONGENDER-BASED
VIOLENCE
TheCOVID-19pandemichasamplifiedexistinggender-based
violenceagainstwomen,confirminglong-standingresearch
findingsthattheriskofdomesticviolencetendstoincreasein
timesofcrisis.5Lockdownmeasuresweresettokeeppeople
safeathome.However,hometurnedoutnottobesafefor
everyoneandlockdownmeasuresplayedademonstrable
roleinthesignificantincreaseinreportsofdomesticviolence
andanincreaseingender-basedviolenceoverall6.
WhilethecollectionofrobustEU-leveldataisongoing,
preliminaryfindingsfromanassortmentofindependently
carried-outstudiespointtowardsanescalationofpsy-
chologicalandphysicalviolenceagainstwomenbyan
intimatepartner7.Inspring2020,severalEUMember
1OneinthreewomenintheEUaged15oroverhassufferedphysicaland/orsexualviolence,oneintwohavebeensexuallyharassed,aroundtwoinfivewomenhasenduredpsychologicalviolenceand1in10hasbeensubjecttoonlineharassment,EuropeanUnionAgencyforFundamental
Rights,Violenceagainstwomen:anEU-widesurvey,2014,p.21.Availableat
https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2014-vaw-
survey-main-results-apr14_en.pdf
.Thissurveyisstillthemostup-to-datesourceofinformationongender-based-violenceintheEU.In2020,the
Commissionlaunchedanewsurvey,coordinatedbyEUROSTAT,toprovideup-to-datedataongender-basedviolence,seep.16fordetails.2Ibid.
3EuropeanParliamentaryResearchService,ViolenceagainstwomenintheEU:Stateofplay,2019,p.2.Availableat
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/
RegData/etudes/BRIE/2018/630296/EPRS_BRI(2018)630296_EN.pdf.
4EuropeanUnionAgencyforFundamentalRights,FundamentalRightsSurvey:Crime,SafetyandVictims’Rights,Luxembourg:PublicationsOfficeoftheEuropeanUnion,2021,p.33-48.Availableat:
https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2021-crime-safety-victims-rights_en.pdf
5WorldHealthOrganization,Violenceanddisasters,2005.Availableat
/violence_injury_prevention/publications/violence/violence_
disasters.pdf.
6WorldHealthOrganization,Theriseandriseofinterpersonalviolence–anunintendedimpactoftheCOVID-19responseonfamilies,2020.Avai-lableat:
/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/violence-and-injuries/news/news/2020/6/the-rise-and-rise-of-interpersonal
-
violence-an-unintended-impact-of-the-covid-19-response-on-families
.
UnitedNations,WHOwarnsofsurgeofdomesticviolenceasCOVID-19casesdecreaseinEurope,UNRegionalInformationalCentreforWesternEurope,2020,availableat:
/en/who-warns-of-surge-of-domestic-violence-as-covid-19-cases-decrease-in-europe/
.
7Arenas-Arroyo,E.;Fernandez-Kranz,D.;Nollenberger,N.,‘Can’tLeaveYouNow!IntimatePartnerViolenceunderForcedCoexistenceandEcono-
micUncertainty’,IZAInstituteofLabourEconomics,DiscussionPaperSeriesNo.13570,2020.Availableat
/publications/
dp13570/
.Thesurgeofdomesticviolencecanhaveevenmoredevastatingeffectsincoupleswithchildrenduetothetraumatisingeffectsdomes-ticviolencecanhaveonchildvictimsorwitnesses.
6
Freefromviolenceandstereotypes
Statesrecordedasurgeindomesticviolenceduringthefirstlockdowns8.Forexample,thenumberofreportsofdomesticviolenceinFranceroseby32%duringthefirstweekoflockdown.Lithuaniarecorded20%morereportsthroughoutthefirstthreeweeksoflockdown.9Irelandsawafive-foldincreaseindomesticviolenceorders.10Spanishauthoritiesreportedan18%riseincallsduringthefirstfortnightofconfinement.11Suchviolenceismoreprevalentamongstcoupleswithchildren,withpreviousexperiencesofintimateviolence,whoareeconomicallydisadvantagedandinwhichbothmembersareinlock-down.12Stressresultingfromthelossofemploymentorfinancialuncertaintiesduringthepandemicfurtherincreasestheriskofphysical,sexualandpsychologicalabuse13.Evenwhenlockdownmeasureswilleventuallybelifted,therearelikelylong-termsocio-economiccon-sequencesarelikelytoprevail,ofwhichisanincreaseinintimate-partnerviolence.
Inordertopreventfurtherescalationorlong-termconse-quences,actionisneededtoendgender-basedviolenceagainstwomenandgirls.Ensuringthatvictimscanaccessadequatesupportatthistimeofcrisis,includinginruralareas,shouldbeoneofthepriorities.InApril2020,theCommissionurgedMemberStatestoguaranteethattheir
emergencyresponsestotheoutbreaktookaccountofthe
needsofgroupsindisadvantagedsituations,suchasvictims
ofdomesticviolence,inlinewiththeirobligationsunder
EUlaw.TheCommissionalsostressedtheimportanceto
allocateresourcestorelevantsupportandprotectionser-
vices,helplinesandshelters.EUMemberStateshaveput
inplaceseveraltypesofmeasurestosupportvictimsof
violenceundertheparticularlydifficultcircumstancesofthe
COVID-19crisis.Forexample,someEUMemberStatessetup
24/7helplines,launchedawarenesscampaignsinpharma-
cieswhichremainedopenduringlockdowns,increasedthe
capacityofsheltersandgenerallydeclaredsupportservices
asessentialservicestoensuretheircontinuedfunctioning
despitepandemic-relatedrestrictions.Inarecentstudycov-
eringtheperioduntilSeptember2020,theEuropeanInstitute
forGenderEquality(EIGE)providesapreliminaryoverviewof
nationalmeasurestosupportvictimsofviolenceduringthe
Covid-19outbreak,identifiesexamplesofpromisingpractices
andprovidesrecommendationsonhowtobettersupport
victimsduringthepandemic,aswellasinfuturecrisesThe
reportidentifiescommonchallengesfacedbyMemberStates
suchasensuringthecontinuityandfindingnewavenuesfor
supportservices,addressingtheincreaseindemandandthe
sustainedstrainonserviceproviderstaff,assessingvictim’s
levelofriskandovercominginadequatefunding.14
8EuropeanParliament,DraftReportonthegenderperspectiveintheCOVID-19crisisandpost-crisisperiod,2020/2121(INI),2020,p.6.Availableat:
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/FEMM-PR-653727_EN.pdf.
9EuropeanInstituteforGenderEquality,Covid-19andgenderequality:gender-basedviolence,2020.Availableat
https://eige.europa.eu/covid-
19-and-gender-equality/gender-based-violence
.
10EuropeanWomen’sLobby,WomenmustnotpaythepriceforCOVID-19:Puttingequalitybetweenwomenandmenattheheartoftheresponseto
COVID-19acrossEurope,2020,p.4.Availableat:
/IMG/pdf/ewl_policy_brief_on_covid-19_impact_on_women_and_girls-2.pdf
11SosaTroya,M.andTorresMenarguez,A.,Lasllamadasal016porviolenciamachistaaumentanun18%duranteelestadodealarma,2020.
Availableat
/sociedad/2020-04-01/el-016-recibe-521-llamadas-mas-por-violencia-machista-durante-el-estado-de-alarma.
html
;Mahtani,Noor,Lasllamadasal016porviolenciamachistaaumentanun47,3%enlaprimeraquincenadeabril,2020.Availableat
https://
/sociedad/2020-04-16/las-llamadas-al-016-por-violencia-machista-aumentan-un-473-en-la-primera-quincena-de-abril.html
.Spainalsoreporteda269.6%increaseinemailconsultations,168requestsforpsychologicalsupportthroughtheWhatsAppserviceanda43%riseintheuseofgeolocationduringthatperiod.
12Arenas-Arroyo,E.;Fernandez-Kranz,D.;Nollenberger,N.,‘Can’tLeaveYouNow!IntimatePartnerViolenceunderForcedCoexistenceandEcono-
micUncertainty’,IZAInstituteofLabourEconomics,DiscussionPaperSeriesNo.13570,2020.Availableat
/publications/
dp13570/
.Thesurgeofdomesticviolencecanhaveevenmoredevastatingeffectsincoupleswithchildrenduetothetraumatisingeffectsdomes-ticviolencecanhaveonchildvictimsorwitnesses.
13Ibid.Thisimpactismoreprominentincoupleswithpreviousexperienceofdomesticviolenceorwhenman-onlyeconomic-stressisthecase.
14EIGE,TheCOVID-19pandemicandintimatepartnerviolenceagainstwomenintheEU,March2021,forthcoming.
7
Freefromviolenceandstereotypes
InFrance,facedwiththedramaticriseindomesticviolenceduringtheCOVID-19pandemic,theMinistryoftheInteriorandtheNationalCouncilofPharmacists(Conseilnationaldel’Ordredespharmaciens)adoptedacommonstrategytoaddressthedifficultiesofvictimstoaccesssupportservicesduringthelockdowns.Acodewordwassetinplaceforvictimstosignalpharmacystafftocontacthelpinasecureway.Followingtheestablishedprocedure,staffwouldcol-lectthevictims’informationinadiscreetandconfidentialmannerandprovideasafespacewhilstcontactingsupportorganisations.Ifneeded,staffcouldalsocallthepolicetothepremises.Inordertotakecareofthevictimsasquicklyas
possible,policeandgendarmeriehadbeeninstructedtointerveneurgentlyforcallsfrompharmacies.
Sloveniaadoptedseveralmeasurestopreventandcombatdomesticviolenceduringthefirstlockdowninspring2020.Alongwithanew24/7telephonehelplineforvictimsandothercallers,itexpandedthecapacityoftheemergencyser-vicestocoverrelationshipcounselling,therapeuticcounselling,counsellingforyoungpeople,andcounsellingforfemaleprisonersandemployees.PharmacieswereidentifiedasessentialcontactpointsforthedisseminationofinformationontheservicesofNGOsworkinginthefieldofdomesticviolenceandviolenceagainstwomen.Additionalsanitarymeasureshavebeentakeninvictims’shelterstopreventthespreadofCOVID-19amongstserviceusersandstaff.Inspectionsandsocialskillsrehabilitationworkshopsforperpetratorshavegoneonlinetoensurethecontinuityofpreventativeand
correctiveservices.
TheCroatianMinistryforLabour,PensionSystem,FamilyandSocialPolicyaskedsocialwelfarecentrestoestablishcrisisteamsforrapidinterventiontofacilitateurgentactionduringtheCOVID-19pandemic,especiallyincaseswherevictims’safetyandeventheirlivesareindanger.Thedeadlinesforexercisingvictims'rightsincriminalandmisdemeanourproceedingswereextendedtopreventthelossofcertainrightsifthedeadlineforsubmittingtheclaimwasmissedforCOVID-19-relatedreasons.Topreventthespreadofthevirus,theStateAttorney’sofficequestionedmostsuspectsvia
videolink,exceptthoseindetention.
8
Freefromviolenceandstereotypes
TheCommissionorganisedaseriesofonlineseminars15withMemberStatesongender-sensitiveresponsemeasuresintheCOVID-19contexttohelpthemsharegoodpracticesandinformation.AwebinarontacklingdomesticviolenceintheCOVID-19contexthighlightedtheimportanceofes-tablishingdomesticviolenceservicesasessentialservicestoensurecontinuedsupportforvictimsduringlockdowns,inadditiontomakingadequatepreparationsforsuchsup-portmechanismduringthesubsequentrecoveryphase.Thewebinaralsohighlightedtheneedforawarenessraising,communicationandoutreachinitiativestohelpvictimsofallkinds.
InNovember2020,theGermanPresidencyoftheCounciloftheEUorganisedaninformalvirtualmeetingofEUGenderEqualityMinisters.AmajorityofMinisterssupportedtheideaofaEurope-widephonenumberthroughwhichvictimsofviolenceagainstwomenanddomesticviolencecouldaccessassistance.MinistersalsoexchangedbestpracticestomitigatetheimpactoftheCOVID-19pandemicsuchasguidelinesonfirstcontactwithvictims,accesstovictimsupportservices,andawareness-raisingcampaigns.16
ENDINGGENDER-BASEDVIOLENCE
TheEU’saccessiontotheCouncilofEurope’sConventiononpreventingandcombatingviolenceagainstwomenanddomesticviolence(‘theIstanbulConvention’)ishighonthepoliticalagenda.TheIstanbulConventionisthebenchmark
forinternationallybindingstandardsontacklinggender-
basedviolence.However,theEU’saccessionremainsto
dateblockedintheCouncil.While21MemberStateshave
ratifiedtheConvention,6havenotdoneso17,andoneMem-
berStatesannounceditsintentiontowithdrawfromthe
instrument.18In2019,theEuropeanParliamentseizedthe
CourtofJusticeoftheEUtoclarifyanumberofquestions
relatingtotheproposedaccession.19TheAdvocateGeneral’s
opinionwillbeissuedon11March2021andtheCourt’s
rulingisexpectedinmid-2021.
InordertoachievetheobjectivesoftheIstanbulConven-
tionfallingwithinthescopeofEUcompetenceswhilethe
accessionremainsblocked,theCommissioncommittedto
puttingforwardalegislativeproposaltopreventandcombat
gender-basedviolencebytheendof2021.20Shouldthe
rulingoftheCourtpavethewayforEUaccessiontothe
Convention,theinitiativewouldensurethatEUMember
Stateshaveeffectivemeasuresinplacetopreventand
combatviolenceagainstwomenanddomesticviolenceat
thetimeofaccession.Aspartofthepreparatoryworkon
theinitiative,theCommissionlaunchedastudytoevaluate
theexistingEUinstrumentsinthisarea,identifypossible
gapsandgatherevidenceontheimpactofdifferentpolicy
options.Workisfocusingonthefour-pillarstructureofthe
IstanbulConvention:prevention,protection,prosecutionand
policycoordination.Inordertogatherfeedbackfromabroad
rangeofstakeholdersonthisinitiative,theCommission
launchedanopenpublicconsultationinFebruary202121.
15See
https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/webinar-series-gender-sensitive-responses-covid-19-crisis_en
16FederalGovernmentofGermany,ProtectingWomenagainstViolence–BestPracticesfromalloverEurope,2020.Availableat:
https://www.bmfsfj.
de/blob/164296/5073c15b7c0939acf236f157e0777a62/protecting-women-against-violence-best-practices-from-all-over-europe-data.pdf.
17
/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210/signatures
18
/fr/web/istanbul-convention/-/poland-should-not-withdraw-from-the-istanbul-convention-says-secretary-general
19EuropeanParliament,Resolution2019/2678(RSP),availableat
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0357_EN.pdf.
The
2014-2019EuropeanParliamentstronglysupportedtheEU’saccessiontotheIstanbulConventionandadoptedinApril2019aresolutionseekinganopinionfromtheCourtofJusticeoftheEuropeanUnion(CJEU)onthecompatibilitybetweentheTreatiesandthelegalbaseschosenbythe
Council;thesplitoftheaccessionintwoCouncildecisions;andtheCouncil’spracticeofthe‘commonaccord’.
20EuropeanCommission,StateoftheUnion2020:LetterofIntenttoPresidentDavidMariaSassoliandtoChancellorAngelaMerkel,2020,availableat
https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/state_of_the_union_2020_letter_of_intent_en.pdf.
21Theconsultationisopenuntil10May2021;availablehere:
https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12682-Preven
-
ting-and-combatting-gender-based-violence-/public-consultation
.
9
Freefromviolenceandstereotypes
TheIstanbulConventioninspiredareformoftheCroatianCriminalCodewhichenteredintoforceon1January2020.Thereformraisesthepenaltyforanumberofcriminaloffencesinvolvinggender-basedviolenceandchangesthedefinitionofrapetocoveranynon-consensualsexualintercourseorsexualactivity,makingthelaw’sapproach
toconsentbroader.
InDecember2020,theDanishParliamentamendedthecriminalcodetodefinerapeasintercoursewithoutconsent,therebybringingDenmarkinlinewiththeIstanbulConvention.Inordertoinformthepublicaboutthenewprovision,theMinisterforGenderEqualitylaunchedaninformationcampaignexplainingtheboundariesbetweenlegalandunlawfulsexualconduct.Thecampaignaimstopreventrape,helprefervictimstorelevantsupportservicesand
encouragereportingofsexualviolencebystrengtheningthepublicconversationaboutconsent.
TheSpanishpublichotlineforvictimsofgender-basedviolencewasexpandedtocoverallformsofviolenceagainstwomen,includingdomesticorsexualviolence,femalegenitalmutilation,forcedmarriageandworkplaceharassment.ThismeasureispartoftheimplementationofthenewStatePactagainstGenderViolence,followingtheprovisions
oftheIstanbulConvention
AspartoftheimplementationofitsobligationsundertheIstanbulConvention,CyprussetuptheWoman’sHouse,amulti-agencycrisiscentreforwomenvictimsofviolenceandtheirchildren.TheWoman’sHouseisbasedontheFamilyJusticeCentremodel,andoperates,asofDecember2020,asa‘one-stop-shop’providingintegratedservicesforvictimsofviolenceagainstwomen.Theservicesavailableareprovidedirrespectiveofwhethervictimsarewillingtopresschargesortestifyagainstperpetrators.Thisintegratedapproachfocusesonthehumanrightsandsafetyof
thevictimandtakesintoaccountthesupportneededforanychildreninvolved.
10
Freefromviolenceandstereotypes
ONLINEVIOLENCE
Onlineviolenceagainstwomen,whi
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 低成本教育材料销售行业营销策略方案
- 健身器材销售与租赁行业相关项目现状分析及对策
- 独立音乐人行业市场发展趋势及投资咨询报告
- 2023年深圳市光明区人民医院选聘专业技术岗位工作人员笔试真题
- 2023年昆明市盘龙区金辰街道办事处社区服务中心岗位笔试真题
- 2023年达州市消防员招录工作办公室社会招录政府专职消防员笔试真题
- 2024年天津客运驾驶从业资格证模拟考试题及答案
- 2024年延边道路旅客运输从业资格考试
- 2024年宣城小型客运从业资格证考试
- 海洋能开发行业的消费市场分析
- JTG 3432-2024 公路工程集料试验规程
- 北师大版七年级数学上册 专题01 丰富的图形世界章末重难点题型专训(原卷版+解析)
- 国有企业资金管理问题研究
- 医疗机简短戒烟培训课件
- 2024年全球公共卫生挑战的趋势与应对
- 《衣物的洗涤方法》课件
- 考研333教育综合考点(最全汇编)
- 《应急预案火灾》课件
- 电梯大修培训课件
- 渐冻人汇报演示课件
- 统编版语文五年级上册第六单元集体备课 课件
评论
0/150
提交评论