技巧09 如何衔接连贯-高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练

高一英语读后续写基础技巧与整体演练技巧09如何衔接连贯高考英语作文的评分标准强调文章语言的“连贯性”和“复杂性”。高考英语作文最高一档的给分范围和要求：“覆盖所有的内容要点；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言运用能力；能有效地使用语句问的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑”。显然，考生要得高分，除了文章要点全、语法正、表达准、结构整、逻辑顺、卷面洁外，考生还得掌握句型与词语的运用及行文(过渡承启)技巧，以增强语言的表达力和文章的逻辑性，提高文章档次。语篇结构的“连贯性”在语言表达中起着非常重要的作用。“连贯性”主要是就句子之间的衔接和文章段落的过渡而言的。它要求段落中句与句之间、全文段落与段落之间的组织与安排以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序进行，做到条理清楚、层次分明。这样的篇章结构才能让评卷老师迅速而准确地捕捉文章信息。反之，叙述顺序混乱、前言不搭后语的文章会因“缺乏可读性”而被判为较低的得分档次。因此，英语读后续写中，考生就必然要关注促进语篇连贯的衔接方式的使用。读后续写常用语篇衔接手段分析1.照应照应指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系，即在语篇中某个名词或概念第二次或重复出现时应使用恰当的代词或其他成分替代它。根据韩礼德和哈桑的观点，英语中的照应主要分为3类：人称照应、指示照应、比较照应。（1）人称照应：人称照应是通过人称代词（如I、you、he、she、they、him、her、them等）、所属限定词（如your、his、her、their等)和所属代词(如mine、his、hers、theirs等）来实现的。（2）指示照应：用于指示照应的词也可以分为3类：名词性指示词：this、that、these、those；定冠词the；副词性指示词：her，their、now、then。（3）比较照应：比较照应指使用一些有比较意义的形容词或副词的比较级表达连贯的语义（如same、as、so、equal、such、similarly、differently、other、otherwise、likewise等表示的照应关系）。2.替代和省略（1）替代：替代是用其他词代替上文的提及的内容，这样可以避免重复，达到语言凝练，语句连贯的目的。替代有名词性替代（如one、ones、some等）、动词性替代（如do、does、did、doing、done等）和从句性替代（如so、not等）。（2）省略：省略的作用同替代相似，省略可以使上下语义联系紧密，强调作者要表达的中心意思。省略大致分为3类：名词性省略、动词性省略、分句性省略。3.连接词连接词指表示能把两个或多个短句衔接起来的表达一定逻辑关系的词。韩礼德（1976）把它们表示的关系分为4大类：增补（如and、also、too、furthermore等）、转折或对比（如but、yet、still、nevertheless、though、while、however等）、原因或结果（如because、for、as、since等）和时间（如first、second、third等）。4.词汇衔接词汇衔接指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义、互补、整体与部分等关系来使语篇语义连贯。表1：高考英语读后续写中的衔接手段举例试题句子表达举例衔接手段分析2016/10，浙江Bythetimetheyreachedthelake,JanewassoangrythatshesaidtoTom.“I’mgoingtofindabetterspotforustocamp”and

walked

away.照应：she/us连接词：so...that.../and2017/6，浙江AsMacpedaled(骑行)alongalone,hethoughtfondlyofhiswifeandtwoyoungdaughtersathome.Hehopedtoshowthemthisbeautifulplacesomeday.照应：he/them词汇衔接：as/and2018/6，浙江Itwassopeacefulandquietandthecolorsofthebrownrocks,thedeepgreenpinetrees,andthelateafternoonsunmixedtocreateamagicscene.Itlookedlikeabeautifulwoven(编织的)blanketspreadoutuponthegroundjustforus.照应：it/us连接词：and2020/1，浙江Thehouseseemedquietasatombwithouttheboylivingthere.照应：there2020，新高考I卷“Iwishyoucouldseehim,”shesaidtoherownchildren,John,Harry,andClara.“Heissuchahelptohismother.Hewantsverymuchtoearnsomemoney,butIdon'tseewhathecando.”照应：her/his连接词：and/but2021/1，浙江Myexcitementwasshort-lived......IgotintoapanicasIpressedfirmlyagainstthetableandmovedmyheadaroundtryingtofindtherightangle，butitwasnouse."Ican'tgetitout!"Ishouted，myvoicesoundingunnaturallyloudintheenclosedspace.照应：my/I连接词：as/and/but2021年，新高考I卷ButJeff’shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehimputhishandincoldwater.Thenshecaughtthesmellofburning.Ohdear!Thepieceofbreadinthepanhadturnedblackaswell.照应：he/his连接词：and/but/then/aswell实现读后续写语篇衔接与连贯策略一、整体审视语篇，确定话题主题

文章语篇的连贯是以内容的合理布局为前提的。因此，要想写出一篇高分作文，审题是关键的一步，一般坚持以下几个步骤：（1）审读情景材料：即对试题所提供的“情景”

(包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等)及其“形式”

(一般为图画、图表、提纲等)予以全面的了解，同时不可忽视最后提供的“注意”。（2）提取主题思想：在审题的同时，要注意从所给材料中提炼出一个主题，即作文的中心。它是全文成败的关键所在，因为“评分说明”明确指出：

“对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分”。一般来讲，文章的中心不超出高中生学习和日常生活中的所见所闻。

（3）进行信息取舍：确定主题之后，就要依据所需文体(多为应用文、记叙文或说明文)，围绕中心对所获取的信息进行筛选，以突出重点。

（4）列举表述要点：这是评分标准规定的最主要标准，即是否“覆盖了所有内容要点”。动笔写作之前，最好在草稿纸上列出要点，以免因时间紧等原因而遗漏。

（5）确定主题句：段落通常由一个表示段落中心思想的主题句和一些用来说明、描写、论证该主题的发展句构成。段落的主题句非常重要，对段落的各句起到提纲挈领的作用。一般情况下，主题旬的位置都在段落的开头，清楚明了地告诉读者该段落将要陈述的内容。为了便于展开下文，主题句一般要具备以下两个特点：①内容要明确具体，具有特定性和单一性，切忌笼统。比较：

a.LearningEnglishisimportant.

LearningEnglishisimportantformiddleschoolstudents.

b.Tomisagoodstudent．

Tomisahard-workingstudent.

上述例句中的第二句要比第一句具体、明确得多。

②语言要简洁，开门见山。如下面是题为“Honesty(谈诚实)”一文中的开头：

Honestyisoneofthebestvirtues.Anhonestmanisalwaystrustedandrespected.Onthecontrary,onewhotellsliesisregardedasa“liar”,andislookeddownuponbyhonestpeople.

二、拓展主题语句，注意语篇连贯

主题句仅仅是提出基本观点，而要使评卷老师理解你的观点，就必须展开主题，就要考虑如何组织安排语句，也就是说，文章词与词、句与句之间必须衔接密切，具有连贯性。因此，文章语句和段落就要进行适当排序，并要根据所表达的具体内容选择适当的连接方式，常用的方法有以下几种：巧用过渡词语，理顺句子逻辑关系。为了使文章在整体上结构严密，浑然一体，增强文章的说服力和感染力，保证段落或文章的连贯，考生应该在句子与句子之间，甚至段落与段落之间，恰当地使用一些过渡性词语，使文意表达清晰、流畅。过渡连接词按语义划分为以下最常见的几种类型：(见下表)表2：过渡衔接词举例逻辑关系常见过渡词语表示添加信息and,also,too,besides,moreover,aswellas,either…or,neither…nor…,furthermore,inaddition,whatismore,notonly…butalso,worsestill表示转折关系but,yet,however,although,ontheotherhand,otherwise,while,rather,still,nevertheless，inspiteof,onthecontrary,whereas,incontrast表示递进关系besides,again,moreover,worsestill,aboveall,certainly,furthermore,what’smore,inaddition,importantofall,tomakematterworse表示因果关系so,for,therefore,asaresult,because,owingto,dueto,thanksto,therefore,since,thus,hence,onaccountof,consequently,asaconsequence,itfollowsthat…表示条件关系as(so)longas,if,unless,onconditionthat表示解释、说明关系actually,infact,suchas,forexample／instance,andsoon,accordingto,afterall,even,indeed,itistime,ofcourse,specifically,truly,namely,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,totellyouthetruth,anillustrationof,tobespecific,toillustrate表示强调Indeed,infact,surely,certainly,truly,especially,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,obviously,aboveall,Itis…that…表示时间顺序关系now,after,afterthat,atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,later,next,finally,soon,suddenly,before,when,while,as,during,first…second…,then,intheend,afterwards,afterawhile,immediately,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,fromnowon,fromthenon,meanwhile,not…until,eventually

表示空间顺序关系ontheright／left,inthemiddle／centerof／back／frontof,here,there,nextto,ononesideof…ontheothersideof,onthefoot／top／end表示结论asyouknow,asfarasIknow,onthewhole,inone’sopinion,inshort,inbrief,inaword,ingeneral

例如：Theroomwasdisgusting.Bythefarwindowwasatrashcanpiledhighwithcrumpledpapers.Inthemiddleoftheroomwasaroundsizebedwithrottingfruits.Thepathbetweenthebedandthedoorway,where1wasstanding,wasfullofdirtyclothesandoldnewspapers.(通过选择参照物，然后巧妙运用表示空间顺序的连接词，给读者一个清楚的空间观念。用准确的方位词说明空间的具体位置，就仿佛给了阅卷老师一幅空间布置图或导游图。)

（2）使用平行结构，增强语感节奏和顺畅度。平行结构的使用是一种修辞手法，其中既有词汇的重复，又有纯粹的语法结构的重复。重复使用相同的结构，不仅能使句子或段落节奏匀称，还可以起到强调或承上启下的作用，从而引起评卷老师的注意。

词的重复是常用的连接手法，它可强调你所要表达的意思，也必然让人把眼前的句子与前面的句子联系起来，如同用一根线将整个段落贯穿成一个整体，从而增强句子的语感节奏，使句与句之间的衔接更加紧密、顺畅。例如：

a.Ilovelife;Ilovenature;andIlovepeace.

b.Iamaboyof17andIamstudyingathighschoolnow.IamgoodatEnglishandIcantalkwithforeigntouristsinEnglishfreely.

上述例子使用的是词汇的重复，下面的段落则通过使用相同的语法结构保证了文章的连贯与流畅。

a.IfIhavethehonortobechosenasavolunteer,besidestheabove,Iwillworkhardandcreatively,butneverbelazy.Iwillfollowthelawanddiscipline,butneverbreakthem.Iwilltaketheopportunitytomakefiendswiththeathletesandvisitors,andhelpthemmakethe2008OlympicGamesagreatsuccess.

b.Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers.Don’targuewithparents;theywillthinkyoudon’tlovethem.Don’targuewithchildren;theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized.Don’targuewithspouses;theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate.Don’targuewithstrangers;theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly.Mymother’srules,infact,canbesummedupintwowords.Don’targue.

(3)灵活运用代词，避免成分冗余。除了过渡性词语外，省略、替代和所指等技巧同样可以连句成段，避免罗嗦和重复，以保持段落的连贯性。名词或代词是很重要的关系指引词，它们不仅能指明句子内部某些词之问的关系，而且能沟通和建立句子和句子之间意义上的联系，从而使段落中前后句子的意义逻辑地、有条理地联系起来，起到承上启下的作用。例如：

a.However,thenumberofstudentswhoenjoyreadingpopularsciencearticlesdoublesthatofthosewhopre-readingarticlesaboutlearningmethods.(句中使用代词that代替thenumber,those代替students,既避免了重复和单调，又显得简洁明了，过渡自然。)

b.WhilesurfingtheInternet,IhappenedtoseeyournoticefromwhichIknewyouwereeagertohaveaChinesefriend.(句中关系代词which引导的非限制性定语使得主从句意义连贯。)试比较：WhilesurfingtheInternet,Ihappenedtoseeyournotice.FromthenoticeIknewyouwereeagertohaveaChinesefriend.

(4)巧用同义反义词，文章连贯中见文采。同义词与反义词用得好，可以避免出现单词重复，避免文章内容单调。文章在连贯的同时还能适当增加文采，给人耳目一新的感觉。例如：

Ilikemusic,especiallyclassicalmusic.Iamalsointerestedinphotographybecauseitallowsmetorecordthebeautifulmomentsinmylife.Infact,Ilikemeetingpeopleandenjoytalkingwiththem.Believingweallneedhelpfromeachother,Iappreciatefriend’shelpandIamwillingtohelpanyoneinneed.

（5）巧用分词短语或独立结构。简化句子结构可以增强表达效果。巧妙利用分词短语或独立主格结构能使句子化繁为简，把复合句变为简单句；恰当使用独立成分可以使句子的表达形式丰富多样，从而起到增强语言表达效果的作用。它们各有特点：分词要坚持逻辑主语一致原则，而独立主格结构要坚持主语不一致原则；独立成分为约定成俗的固定形式，不受逻辑主语限制。如：Judgingfrom…,Franklyspeaking(Tobefrank)等。试看下列句子：

(1)Comparedwithotherteachers,Mr.Moorepaysmoreattentiontohiswayofteaching.(分词短语)

(2)Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.=Ifweatherpermitswearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.(独立主格结构)

试比较以下两个例句：

(原句)Thedriverescaped;helefttheoldmanlyingontheroad.

(修正句)Thedriverescaped,leavingtheoldmanlyingontheroad.(分词短语)

（6）使用同位语。避免重复，明晰句意。同位语的应用不仅能避免重复，还可以使文章表述自然、流畅，起到很好的连接作用。例如：

Alsowecanbothwriteandtalktoeach0theTontheSkype,aprogramthatcancarrysoundsaswellaswords.

IamWangshan,agirlofsixteen,presentlyattendingBeijingYangguangMiddleschool.

（7）使用过渡句，自然衔接句子和段落。过渡句在句子与句子、段落与段落之间起到承上启下的作用，使句子或段落之间的衔接自然、连贯，逻辑合理，结构严谨，故极为重要。例如：Thesummerholidayiscoming.Ourclasshavehadadiscussionaboutwhattododuringtheholiday…Someareinfavorofstayingathome…However,othersprefertogooutfortravelingsinceitcanincreasetheirknowledgeandbroadentheirhorizons.Buttheywilllosethechanceofgettingtoknowtheoutsideworld.三、文末阐释结论，确保首尾呼应

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻，也使文章首尾呼应，结构完整，连贯自然。用于结论段的常用语有：fromthispointofview(从这个观点来看)/inaword(总而言之)/inconclusion(综上所述)

/Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…(因此，我们可以得知...)等。例如：

Inaword,toreadtheoriginalworkisbetterthantoseethefilmbasedonit.

Obviously,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.

综上所述，语言的连贯性主要体现在句与句、段与段之间。句与句之间要前后呼应，形成句句相连，环环相扣，读起来一气呵成；同样，段与段之间也要过渡自然，不可各自独立使文章失去整体性。语言连贯性是评价一篇文章优劣的标准之一。缺乏连贯性，叙述顺序混乱，前言不搭后语的文章会因“缺乏可读性“而被判为较低的得分档次。只有有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，语篇连贯性强的文章才能得到高分档次。1．阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Nilasataloneonthebus.Heroldersister,Lexi,wasoneseatahead,actingasifthiswasthebestdayever.ButforNila,itwastheworst.Itwasthelastdayofswimminglessons.TestDay.“IfIpassmytest,IcansignupforJuniorLifeguardingoverthesummer,”NilaheardLexitellingherfriendJess.“You’rethebestswimmerintheclass,”Jesssaid.“There’sjustnowayyouwouldn’tpass.”MaybeshecouldtalktoLexiaboutthetest,whopassedLevel4severalsummersago.“Ithoughtsistersweresupposedtohelpeachotheractively,”Nilawhisperedtothewindow.Anhourlater,sheheldtheedgeofthepool,shaking.“Forthelastpartofthetest,you’llallbeswimmingthewidthofthepool,”theinstructor,Nate,toldtheclass.“Canweswimintheshallowend?”Nilaasked.“Nope,”Natesaidcheerfully.“TopassLevel4,ithastobethedeepend.”Nilawasnervous.Shedidn’tknowifshecouldswimallthewayacrosswithouttouchingthebottom.“I’llbewatchingfromtheotherside,”Natesaid.“Ready?”No!Nilathought.ButNateputthewhistletohislipsandblew.Nilatookadeepbreathandpushedoff.Leximovedupanddown,feelinglight.ShecompletedsmoothlyandpassedLevel7!Akidfromherclassbumpedintoher,butshejustsmiledathim.Shelikedeveryonerightnow.Nila,too–eventhoughshe’dbeensuchapestearlier.Wherewasshe,anyway?Afteraminute,Lexispottedhersistercrossingthepool.Nilawaswaybehindtheothers.AsNilanearedthemiddleofthepool,shestopped.“Keepgoing,”Lexicalled.“Youcandoit!”WhenNilafoundoutherposition,herheartsank.Onlyhalfwayacross!Somekidsinherclasswerealreadyatthewall,playingandtalking.Natewasbendingovertotalktooneofthekids.Hedidn’tseeher.Betterkeepgoing,shethought.Butshewastired.Lexikepthereyesonhersister’sslowprogress.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:AsLexiwatched,Nila’sheaddippedbrieflyunderwaterbeforeitresurfaced.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Justthen,Nilafeltsomeone’sarmsgrabbingherfrombehind.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。WhenIwasaboutsixyearsold,myfamilyandIwenttoDisneylandoneweekendandhadawonderfuldayfullofexcitement.LittledidIknowthattherealexcitementwasn’ttobeginuntilthatnight.Whilewewatchedthefireworks,Ibegantogetanurgetogototherestroom,butIdidn’twanttomisstheshow.IoverheardmysisterIsabeltalkingtomymom,andIgotclosertothemtohearwhattheyweretalkingabout.“Mom,I’mgoingtothebathroomwithLizette,okay?”saidIsabel.“Okay,”mymomreplied,“butstaytogether.Idon’twantanyofyougettinglost.”ThesecondIsawmysistersleaving,Ididn’tthinktwicebeforerunningafterthem—withouttellingmyparents.AsIfollowedthemthroughthehugecrowdofpeople,Istartedtolosesightofthem.IbegantopanicasIscannedthecrowdforthem.Crazythoughtsranthroughmyheadlike“WhatifIneverseemyfamilyagain?”Igaveuptryingtofindmysistersandtriedtogetbacktomyfamily,butIwascompletelymixedup.Aftersearchingforwhatseemedlikeforever,Icouldn’tholdbackmytears,andIstartedcryinglikeIhadnevercriedbefore.“Mommy!”Icriedout.Buteveryonearoundmewastoocaughtupbythefireworkstopayanyattentiontome.ItriedtostopthescarythoughtsthatweregoingthroughmyheadandstartedrunningasfastasIcould...anywhere...everywhere.Iwasgoingcrazy.I’monlysix,andI’vegottenlost.“WhathaveIdone?HowcouldIhavebeensodumbtorunoffwithouttellinganyone?”Ithought.Withmyfacewetfromtears,Ikeptrunning,pullingatpeople’spantsandcrying,“Mommy!”Iwashoping,wishing,thatoneoftheseadultswouldbeoneofmyparents.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Luckily,Ifeltapatonmyshoulderandagentlevoicecame,“Areyoulost?”_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Finally,throughthecrowdofpeople,Irecognizedaface.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Andyrodeslowlyonhiswaytoschool,daydreamingaboutthefishingtripthathisfatherhadpromisedhim.Hewassobusydreamingaboutallthefishhewouldcatchthathewasunawareofeverythingelsearoundhim.Herodealonguntilastrangesounddrewhimtothepresent.Hecametoastopandlookedcuriouslyuptothesky.Whathesawshockedandterrifiedhim.Ahugeswarm(一大群)ofbeesfilledtheskylikeablackcloudandtheyseemedtobeheadingangrilytowardshim.Withnotimetowaste,Andyspedoffintheoppositedirection,ridingwithgreatspeedbutwithoutknowinghowtoescapetheswarm.Witharapidlybeatingheart,hespeddowntheroughroad.Asthebeescamecloser,hispanicincreased.Andyknewthathewassensitivetobeestings(蜇).Thelaststinghadlandedhiminhospitalandthatwasonlyonebeesting!Hehadbeenforcedtolieinbedfortwowholedays.Suddenly,hisfather’swordscametohim.“Whenyouareinatightsituation,don’tpanic.Useyourbrainandthinkyourwayoutofit.”Onanearbyhill,hecouldseesmokewavingslowlyskywardsfromthechimneyoftheNelson’shome.“Beesdon’tlikesmoke,”hethought.“Theycouldn’tgetintothehouse.”AndyracedtowardstheNelson’shouse,butthebeesweregainingground.Andyknewhecouldnotreachthehouseintime.Heestimatedthatthebeeswouldcatchupwithhimsoon.Buthetriedhisbesttokeepcalmsothathecouldcomeupwithanideatoescapefromthedangeroussituation.Suddenly,outofthecornerofhiseyes,hespottedasmalldamwhichwasoftenusedbyMr.Nelsontoirrigatehisvegetablegarden.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Withouthesitation,Andyjumpedoffhisbikeanddivedintothecoolwater.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Innotime,hismotherappearedinfrontofhim.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Onenight,Rydersawhismothercryingandlearnedshecouldnolongeraffordherlastchemotherapy(化疗)treatment.Hebrokehispiggybankandofferedherallhissavings.AlthoughittouchedAnnie’sheart,shetoldhimitwasn’tenough.Ryderwassodisappointedandhurriedtothewashroomtocryalone.Ithurthimterriblytoseehismother,whohadlonghair,andwasnowbald(秃头的).Inanattempttoemotionallysupporther,Ryderbroughtanelectricshaverandshavedhishead.“OhmyGod,Ryder!”Anniecriedafterseeinghim.Shewasmovedbywhathersonhaddonebysacrificinghishair.“Mom,Iamwithyouinthis.Andyouarenotalone,”Rydercriedalong,knowinglittlehewouldbelaughedatbyhisbestfriendsthenextday.Aschoolfairhadbeenorganizedontheplayground,andmanypeople,includingparents,weregatheringaroundthestalls(摊位).“Hey,look,someoneinourclasshaslostallhishair!”Ryder’sfriendslaughedwhenhearrived.“Igottocarryon,”saidRyder,shylycoveringhisheadinahat.Hewascarryingtwobagsstuffedwithsomeofhisfavoritetoys,books,andrecycledcraftitemsheintendedtosellatthefair.Astimepassed,thingswerequicklygettingsoldinalltheotherstallsexceptRyder’s.Hedidnotfindtimetoputupafancydisplayorbanner(横幅)toattractbuyers.Buthewasdeterminedtomakeasaleforhismother.Sohetookoutapenandagiantpieceofpaperanddecidedtocreateasignthatread:HelpMyMomFightCancer.“Pleasehelpme.Ishavedmyheadtosupportmymother.Butallaremakingfunofmewithoutunderstandingme.AndIhavetoselltheseitemsandhelpherwithsomemoney.Pleasedon’tletmedown,”heshouted.Thefairwasabouttoend,andfortunatelyRyderhadmanagedtosuccessfullysellmostofhisitems.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hewasabouttoleavewhenhisthreefriendssurroundedhim.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Ryder,pleasetakethisaswell,”heheardaparentcallinghim.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Someyearsago,ashipheadedforChina.Allthepassengersboardedtheship,includinganofficer,hiswife,theironlychild—alittleboyfiveyearsold,andalargeNewfoundlanddogcalledBobby.EverybodyintheshiplikedBobby,hewassogood-temperedandplayful,buttheboywasthedog’sconstantplaymate.Hewasahappylittleguy,andthetwoaresofondofeachother.Oneeveningwhilethelittleboyandthedogwereplayingtogether,theshipshooksuddenly,andsplash(扑通一声)wentthechildintothesea!Acrywasraised,“Ahandover!Ahandover!”andthebravedogjumpedoverthesideoftheship,andswamtowardstheboy.Thelittleboy’sfather,halfcrazy,jumpedwithothersintoasmallboat;butitwastoodarktoseefarbeforethem.Allgavethechildupforlost.Atlasttheyheardasplashontheleftsideoftheship.“Pullon,quick!”criedthefather.Theboatwasturned,themenpulledwithalltheirstrength,andinamomentbraveBobbywasalongside,holdingupthechildinhismouth!Joy!Joy!Joy!Theboatwasrowedbacktotheship;thehalf-drowned(差点淹死的)boysoongotbetter;theparentsweredelighted;andbraveBobbywascaressed(抚摸)byall.AttheCape-of-Good-Hope,thepassengersweretobelanded.Theofficergoingtotheboat,withhiswifeandchild;buthetoldthesailorstoholdtheNewfoundlanddogtightbythecollartilltheboatwassomedistancefromtheship.“Youwillthensee,”saidhe,“whatastrongswimmerheis.”BraveBobbypulledagainandagaintogetloose,butallfailed;fortheyheldhimtilltheboatwasneartheshore.Butassoonastheofficergavethesignal,thedogwassetfree,andawayhewentintotheseatochaseafter(追赶)hismasters.Suddenlythepooranimalsetupashrillhowl,andthrewhimselfoutofthewater.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justatthatmomenttheshark,whichhadgotveryclosetothedog,turnedonhisbackandopenedhisfrighteningmouth!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．【参考范文】AsLexiwatched,Nila’sheaddippedbrieflyunderwaterbeforeitresurfaced.Uh-oh,thoughtLexi.Hersisterwasintrouble,andshehadtohelp.ShekickedthebottomandstartedswimmingtowardNila.Nilaswallowedamouthfulofwaterandcoughed.Panicky,shefeltasifshehadbeenswimmingforhours.Ifonlysomeonewouldseeshewastootiredtokeepgoing.NotseeingLexicomingtoher,shescannedtheedgefortheinstructor.Thistime,Natesawher.Hiseyesnarrowed,andhejumpedintohelpher.Justthen,Nilafeltsomeone’sarmsgrabbingherfrombehind.“Lieback,”hersister’svoicesaid.“I’vegotyou.”Muchtohersurprise,itwasatthecriticalmomentthatLexicametoheraid!Theygotoutofwaterquickly.“Howareyoufeeling?”Lexiasked.“OK.That’salittlescary.”“Don’tworry,”Lexisaid,“Nexttimewegoswimming,Icouldkeepyoucompany.Withmorepractice,youcansurelypassLevel4.”Hearingthis,Nilasmiledbroadly,acurrentofwarmthfloodingoverher,saying“Youwillbeagoodlifeguardsomedaybecauseyou’realreadyagoodsister.”【写作解析】本文是篇记叙文。Nila和姐姐Lexi一起去参加游泳考试，Nila考四级，Lexi考七级，Lexi如果顺利过关就可以报名参加初级救生员。Lexi顺利通过了考试，而Nila虽然竭尽全力，却仍然落后其他人，并逐渐体力不支，面临危险。姐姐Lexi发现了这个情况，立即下水游向她，最终带她游出泳池。Lexi承诺下次会陪着妹妹一起完成四级考试，Nila也认为Lexi既是她的好姐姐，也一定会是一名优秀的救生员。1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“当Lexi观看时，Nila的头只简单地浸入水面一下就重新浮了出来。”可知，第一段可描写Nila体力不支、有危险，Lexi发现后下水救她。②由第二段首句内容“就在那时，Nila感到有人用胳膊从后面抓住了她。”可知，第二段可描写Lexi是如何把Nila救出水面的，及获救后彼此的感受。2.续写线索：发现危险——下水救人——Nila在水中挣扎——救出水面——彼此的感受——承诺2.词汇激活情绪类①恐慌的：panicky→scared②极其重要的：critical→crucial/vital行动类③帮助：help→aid④陪伴某人：keepsbcompany→accompanysb⑤迅速地：quickly→rapidly【典型句式】[高分句型1]Panicky,shefeltasifshehadbeenswimmingforhours.（运用了以asif引导的表语从句，并运用了虚拟语气）[高分句型2]Muchtohersurprise,itwasatthecriticalmomentthatLexicametoheraid!（运用了强调句）[高分句型3]Ifonlysomeonewouldseeshewastootiredtokeepgoing.（运用了以ifonly引导的条件状语从句，及省略连词that的宾语从句）2．【参考范文】Luckily,Ifeltapatonmyshoulderandagentlevoicecame,“Areyoulost”?“Yeeesss!”Icried.ItwasaladyworkingatDisney.Shepickedmeupandcarriedmethroughthecrowdasshekeptaskingmewheremyparentshadbeenstanding.AsIbegantofeelsafeinthelady’sarms,Icalmeddownandthoughtfor