河南省洛阳市汝阳县高三上学期联考英语试题

英语本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题的答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenshouldthemanattendthemeeting?A.At3:50.B.At4:00.C.At4:10.2.Whatwillthemandowhenthesecondalarmrings?A.Gobacktosleep.B.Getupandgetready.C.Setoffforwork.3.Whydoesthemansuggestwalkingtothehank?A.Becauseitistoonear.B.Becausetheywanttogogreen.C.Becauseitishardtopark.4.WhydoesthewomanlearnSpanish?A.Foratrip.B.Tostudyabroad.C.Togotocollege.5.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hecan'tstanddisorder.B.Hedoesn’tsleepwell.C.Hehasnothingtodo.第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whogotmarried?A.Theman'ssister.B.Thewoman'ssister.C.Betty'ssister.7.WhatisBetty'sdream?A.Havingapromisingfuture.B.TravelingaroundtheworlD.C.Findinghertruelove.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatdoesthemanbuyattimesfromaconveniencestore?A.Snacks.B.Magazines.C.Medicine.9.Whatdoerthemanthinkofchipsandsoftdrinks?A.Cheap.B.Unhealthy.C.Tasty.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkasmartspeakerwilldo?A.Spyonpeople.B.Misunderstandpeople.C.Givepeoplemands.11.Whenwillasmartspeakerlisten?A.Allthetime.B.Wheneverasoundismade.C.Whenithearscertainwords.12.Whatdoeshewomanthinkofthesmartspeakers?A.Confusing.B.Worrying.C.Disappointing.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman'srequest?A.Changingtoabetterposition.B.Workingforanotherpany.C.Gettingapayrise.14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman'sworkinginthepersonneldepartment?A.Sheneedsalotoftraining.B.Sheisunfamiliarwiththatposition.C.Sheisequaltothejob.15.Whatshouldthewomandoduringthetrialperiod?A.Improvehertypingskills.B.Learnthenewjob.C.Gettoknownewcolleagues.16.Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Heisamanager.B.Heisaninterviewer.C.Heisajobadviser.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatisMr.Hopkinsdoing?A.Bookingahotel.B.Checkingin.C.Checkingout.18.WhatistheluckythingintheroomforMr.Hopkins?A.Thenewfurniture.B.Alargekingsizebed.C.Aniceworkarea.19.Howdoeshemanopenthedoor?A.Turningthekeyinthelock.B.Slidingthekeyintothedoor.C.Windingthehandlewithalight20.Howdoesthespeakerfindthebreakfast?A.It’scheap.B.It'sabundant.C.It’shealthy.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AInspirationInspirationTowerisonthehighestpointinSouthwestMissouri.Takeaglasslifttothespaciousobservationdeck(甲板).Theviewsareabsolutelyphenomenalinanyseason.Onaclearday,youcanseeover90miles.Opensfrom9amto5pmdaily:closesat4pmonMondaysandTuesdays.TitanicMuseumAttractionYou’llenterasaguestandleaveasaTitanicPassenger!Theexhibitsyouseethroughouttheshiparerealandvaluedatover4milliondollars.Visitaroomwhereyoucantouchanauthenticiceberg(冰山)andexperiencethecoldnessoftheicywaterswheretheTitanicsank.Walkalongdecksatthesameangleasthedeckswhentheshipwentdown.ShepherdoftheHillsCelebratetheSpiritoftheSeasonatShepherdoftheHills.NEWthisyearis"TheNorthPoleAdventure".ThisAllNewFamilyWalkThroughExperiencetakesyouonajourneythroughthousandsofbrightlights,hotchocolatestandsandmanmadeobjects.Don'tforgettovisitSanta'sWorkshopforavisitwithoutSanta.Thisexperiencerequiresgoodweather.7DDarkRideAdventureForaninteractivegamelikeyou'veneverexperiencedbefore,gatheryourcourageandcheckoutthe7DDarkRideAdventure!Putallsevenofyoursensestothetesttoday,atthe7DDarkRideAdventure,a3Drideguaranteedtogetyourheartpumping.Notremendedforvisitorswithbackorheartproblems.1.WhencanyouvisitInspirationTower?A.At8:30am,Friday. B.At5:00pm,Thursday.C.At1:30pm,Monday. D.At6:00pm,Sunday.2.WhatcanyoudoatTitanicMuseumAttraction?A.Haveabirdview. B.Walkalongdecks,C.Enjoyhotchocolate. D.Testyourbravery.3.Whichprogramisunsuitableforavisitorwithheartproblems?A.InspirationTower. B.TitanicMuseumAttraction.C.ShepherdoftheHills. D.7DDarkRideAdventure.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。文主要介绍了灵感塔、泰坦尼克博物馆、牧羊人、7D黑暗之旅四处著名的旅游景点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一则广告中“Opensfrom9amto5pmdaily;closesat4pmonMondaysandTuesdays.”可知，每天上午9点至下午5点开放；周一和周二下午4点关闭。由此可知，星期一下午1:30可以参观InspirationTower。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二则广告最后一句“Walkalongdecksatthesameangleasthedeckswhentheshipwentdown.”可知，沿着与船落下时甲板相同的角度沿着甲板行走。由此可知，你可以在泰坦尼克博物馆沿着甲板走路。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第四则广告中“Notremendedforvisitorswithbeckorheartproblems.”可知，不建议有心脏问题的访客玩。由此可知，7DDarkRideAdventure不适合有心脏问题的游客玩。故选D项。BThispastJanuary,LucyLiureachedamilestoneinherartcareer(事业).Theworldclassactor,directorandvisualartistpresentedherworktitled"UnhomedBelongings"inamuseumexhibitionforthefirsttime.Liuhasbeenmakingartsinceshewasateenagerandstillstickstoaconsistentstudiopracticealongsideherworkasanactressanddirector.ShegotherstartwhilegrowingupinQueensinthe1980s,wanderingNewYorkCitystreetswithacamerainhand.Herfirstartworkswerephotographs.AftertakingaclassatNewYorkStudioSchool,sheturnedtopainting."IfeltlikeIwasn'tabletoexpressfullywhatIwantedwiththephotograph,"Liuexplained.Withpainting,shediscoveredthatherworkdidn’thavetoberealisticorexacting,ormeetcertainexpectations."Everyonehasadifferentformatforhowtheywanttoshowwhattheyarethinkingabout,orwhattheyareseeingtotheaudience,"hesaid."IjusthadtoletgooftheaudienceandjuststartedthinkingaboutwhatIwantedtosee."Overtime,Liuhasalsoexperimentedwithsculpture,silkscreenandtextiles.ShelooksuptoartistslikeWillemdeKooning,AgnesMartinandRobertFrank,butshefeelsthatherlackofatraditionalartschoolbackgroundhashelpedhertonaturallygrowandexperimentasanartist,whichhelpsalottosetherapartfromotherartists.MuchofLiu'sworktraces(追溯)backtoherchildhood."BecausewewereanimmigrantfamilyandIamfirstgeneration,Ialwayshadthisimbalanceofbelonging,"sheexplained."Ithinkatfirstitwasthelanguagebarrier,notspeakingEnglish,butthenitstartedbeingabouthowIlook."Art,sheexplained,becameawaytoreflectonheryoungerself."Ithinkthatarthelpsevaluatesomeofthepsychologyofyourselfasachild,andtothrowlightuponsomethingsyoumayneverhaveunderstood,"shesaid.4.WhatwasthemilestoneforLucyLiu?A.Herfirstfilmasanactress. B.Herworkasafamousdirector.C.Theexhibitionofherpainting. D.Herartworksofphotographs.5.WhydoesLiupreferpaintingtophotography?A.Shewantstostudysomethingnew. B.Shewantstobetterexpressherself.C.Shewantstopromoteheractingcareer. D.Shedoesn'twanttophotographonthestreet.6.WhatdoesLiuthinkmakesherdifferentfromotherartists?A.Heractingcareer. B.Heridentityasanimmigrant.C.Herexperienceinphotography. D.Herlackofseriousarteducation.7.WhatcanweknowaboutLiu?A.Sheisapioneerinpainting. B.Arthelpsherunderstandtheworld.C.Shehadacarefreechildhood. D.ShehadnodifficultyacquiringEnglish.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了华裔演员、导演和视觉艺术家LucyLiu（刘玉玲）的画在博物馆展出的情况，并介绍了她画油画的历程和体会。【4题详解】细节理解题。依据第一段“ThispastJanuary,LucyLiureachedamilestoneinherartcareer.Theworldclassactor,directorandvisualartistpresentedherworktitled'UnhomedBelongings'inamuseumexhibitionforthefirsttime.”可知，LucyLiu的“里程碑”是她第一次举行的命名为“UnhomedBelongings”的作品展，同时根据下文讲述她画画的历程可知，这个展品是她的painting绘画作品，故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。依据第二段“AftertakingaclassatNewYorkStudioSchool,sheturnedtopainting.'IfeltlikeIwasn'tabletoexpressfullywhatIwantedwiththephotographs',Liuexplained.”，可知，她由摄影转到绘画，因为她认为照片无法充分表达她想表达的，也就是绘画让她更好地表达自己，故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。依据第三段“shefeelsthatherlackofatraditionalartschoolbackgroundhashelpedhertonaturallygrowandexperimentasanartist,whichhelpsalottosetherapartfromotherartists.”可知，刘玉玲认为她缺乏传统的美术学校学习背景，这帮助她自然成长，成为一名区别于其他艺术家的画家。故选D项。【7题详解】细节理解题。依据最后一段arthelpsevaluatesomeofthepsychologyofyourselfasachild,andtothrowlightuponsomethingsyoumayneverhaveunderstood.可知，艺术可以帮助评估作为孩子时期的心理以及更好地解释以前你不理解的事情，艺术帮助她理解世界。故选B项。CManypeopledothingswecan'tunderstandandthatwewouldneverdo.Althoughtherecanbeanumberofdifferentexplanationsforsuchbehavior,onereasonisafailureofempathy.Anditseemsthatwe'reseeingincreasinglevelsofthisfailurethesedays.Empathyistheabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofanotherperson.Itissimilartobutdifferentfromsympathy,whichcanmeansharingacertainfeelingwithsomeonehavingthesamefeelingstheydo.AccordingtoHelenRiess,associateprofessorofpsychiatry(精神病学)atHarvardMedicalSchool,empathyplaysanimportantroleinoursociety'sabilitytofunction,promoting"asharingofexperiences,needs,anddesiresbetweenindividuals".Ourneural(神经)networksaresetuptointeractwiththeneuralnetworksofothersinordertobothbeawareandunderstandtheirfeelingsandtotellthemapartfromourown,whichenableshumanstolivewithoneanotherwithoutconstantlyfightingorfeelingtakenoverbysomeoneelse.Researchhasshownthatempathyisnotsimplyinborn,butcanactuallybetaught.Forexample,itappearsthatmedical,rainingcanactuallydiminishempathy,butontheotherhand,physicianscanbetaughttobemoreempathictotheirpatients.Interestingly,theirincreasedempathyalsoincreasespatientsatisfactionandcooperationwithtreatmentremendations,thusleadingtobettertreatmentoutes.Itseemstomethatthesetechniquescouldworkwithalotofpeoplebesidesphysicians.Thesedays,Ifindmyselfthinkingthatweshouldbeteachingempathyinschool.Perhapsifwestartintheearlygradesandkeepteachingitthroughhighschool,problemsandinappropriatebehaviorwouldreduce.Empathydoesn'trequireburyingofourownfeelings.Infact,trueempathyisaboutusingourfeelingstounderstandthefeelingsofsomeoneelse.Wemightnotknowexactlyhowtheyfeel,butwemightuseourfeelingstohelpusknowsomethingofwhattheyarefeeling.Thiskindofunderstanding,accordingtoReiss,cancrossbridgesandpromotepositivesocialbehavior.Maybewecouldusealittlemoreempathyinourworld.8.Accordingtothetext,howdoesempathybenefitus?A.Itdevelopsoursympathy. B.Itstrengthensourneuralsystem.C.Ithelpsoursocietyfunctionbetter. D.Itincreasesourlevelofconfidence.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diminish"inparagraph4probablymean?A.Reduce. B.Increase. C.Stop. D.Produce.10.Whatislikelytohappenifastudentistaughtempathyconsistentlyatschool?A.Hewillbehavehimselfbetter. B.Hewillimprovehisacademicgrades.C.Hewillchoosetoburyhisfeelings. D.tiewillfeelsatisfiedwiththeschool.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EmpathyHelpsYouWinOut B.EmpathyCanBeLearnedC.Sympathy,FeelingsharingofOthers D.LearntoBeanEmpathicDoctor【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是同理心，同理心是可以通过学习获得的。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段最后一句“AccordingtoHelenRiess,associateprofessorofpsychiatry(精神病学)atHarvardMedicalSchool,empathyplaysanimportantroleinoursociety'sabilitytofunction,promoting"asharingofexperiences,needs,anddesiresbetweenindividuals".”（根据哈佛医学院精神病学副教授HelenRiess的说法，移情在我们的社会运作能力中扮演着重要的角色，促进了“个人之间的经验、需求和欲望的分享”）可知，同理心有助于我们的社会良好地运行，故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。由文章第四段最后一句“…,butontheotherhand,physicianscanbetaughttobemoreempathictotheirpatients.”（…但另一方面，医生可以被教导，对病人更加同情）可知，外科医生可以被教得更加有同理心，but之前的应该是与此相反，即“医学上讲，下雨似乎会减少同理心”，A.reduce是减少，B.increase是增加，C.stop是停止，D.produce是生产,故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段最后一句“Perhapsifwestartintheearlygradesandkeepteachingitthroughhighschool,problemsandinappropriatebehaviorwouldreduce.”（也许如果我们从低年级开始，一直教到高中，问题和不恰当的行为会减少，）可知，持续从低年级到高中进行同理心的教育，学生会表现得更好，故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。由第二段第一句“Empathyistheabilitytounderstandandsharethefeelingsofanotherperson.”（同理心是一种理解和分享他人感受的能力）,第四段第一句“Researchhasshownthatempathyisnotsimplyinborn,butcanactuallybetaught.”（研究表明，同理心不是天生的，实际上是可以教会的）和第五段第二句“Thesedays,Ifindmyselfthinkingthatweshouldbeteachingempathyinschool.”（这些天，我一直在想我们应该在学校里教授同理心）可知，文章开篇两段介绍同理心的概念，第三段介绍人天生具有同理心，第四到六段重点讲同理心可以被教会，所以最好的标题为“同理心是可以被学习的”。故选B项。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找出主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍了什么是同理心，同理心是可以通过学习获得的，该类文章的中心一般就在个各个段落的第一句。因此，考生直接抓住第四，五段“Researchhasshownthatempathyisnotsimplyinborn,butcanactuallybetaught.”（研究表明，同理心不是天生的，实际上是可以教会的）以及第五段第二句“Thesedays,Ifindmyselfthinkingthatweshouldbeteachingempathyinschool.”（这些天，我一直在想我们应该在学校里教授同理心）可知，文章第四五段重点讲同理心可以被教会，所以最所以最好的标题为“同理心是可以被学习的”，即找到了文章中心。DSixtyfeetbeneaththesurfaceoftheCaribbeanSea,aquanaut(观察员)FabienCousteauandindustrialdesignerYvesBeharareimaginingtheworld'slargestunderwaterresearchstation.ThepairhaveforthefirsttimeshownProteusa4,000squarefootmodular(组合)labthatwillsitunderthewateroffthecoastofCuracao,providingahometoscientist,andresearchersfromacrosstheworldstudyingtheocean.Designedasatwostoryroundbuildinggroundedtotheoceanfloor,Proteuscontainslaboratories,personalquarters,medicalbaysandamoonpoolwherediverscanaccesstheoceanfloor.Poweredbywindandsolarenergyandoceanthermalenergy,differentfromitsforerunners,thebuildingwillhavethefirstunderwatergreenhouseforgrowingfood.Theunderwatersitewillallowscientiststoperformcontinuousnightanddaydivingwithoutrequiringhoursofrelievingpressurebetweendives.Likeastronautsinspace,theycanstayunderwaterfordaysorweeksatatime.Thoughoceanscover71percentoftheworld'ssurface,humanshaveonlyexploredabout5percentandmappedlessthan20percentoftheworld'sseas."Oceanexplorationis1,000timesmoreimportantthanspaceexplorationfor,selfishly,oursurvival,forourlifeintothefuture,"Cousteausaid,"It'sourlifesupportsystem.Itistheveryreasonwhyweexistinthefirstplace."ProteusisintendedtobetheunderwaterversionoftheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS),wheregovernmentagencies,scientists,andtheprivatepaniescancooperate,regardlessofborders.Spaceexplorationreceivesmoreattentionandfundingthanitsoceancopy,whichCousteauhopestochangethatwithProteus.Whiletheprojectcurrentlyhassomebackingfromprivatepanies,itiscurrentlyseekingfurtherfunding.Beyondbackers,thestation'swetanddrylabscanberentedtogovernmentagencies,corporationsandacademicinstitutions.PartoftheplanistomakeiteasytoseeregularlywhatishappeningonProteus,includinglivestreamsandVR/ARcontent.InthiswayCousteauhopestoengageawideraudience.12.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThepurposeofProteus. B.ThebenefitsofProteus.C.ThefunctionsofProteus. D.ThesignificanceofProteus.13.WhyisoceanexplorationvitalaccordingtoCousteau?A.Oceansareunderexplored. B.Oceanexplorationisleftunnoticed.C.Oceansdeterminehumans'lifeandfuture. D.Oceanscovermostofthesurfaceoftheearth.14.WhatdoesCousteauthinkoftheproject?A.Itneedsimprovement. B.Itneedsbetterpolicies.C.Itneedsopportunities. D.Itneedsmoreattention.15.Wheredoesthetextprobablyefrom?A.Asciencereport. B.Aguidebook. C.Adiary. D.Asciencefiction.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个类似太空空间站的海底研究站。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theunderwatersitewillallowscientiststoperformcontinuousnightanddaydivingwithoutrequiringhoursofrelievingpressurebetweendives.(这个水下地点将允许科学家们进行连续的昼夜潜水，而不需要在两次潜水之间花费数小时来缓解压力)”可知，第三段主要介绍了海底研究站的功能，故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。依据倒数第三段Cousteau所说的话“Oceanexplorationis1,000timesmoreimportantthanspaceexplorationfor,selfishly,oursurvival,forourlifeintothefuture”(为了我们的生存，为了我们未来的生活，海洋探索比太空探索重要1000倍”)可知海洋决定了人类的命运和未来，所以海洋探索很重要，故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。依据最后一段“InthiswayCousteauhopestoengageawideraudience.(库斯托希望通过这种方式吸引更广泛的观众)”可知Cousteau希望这个项目能够吸引更多人关注，从而获得更多支持，故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。文章主要介绍了一个类似太空空间站的海底研究站，属于科普报道的范畴。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。They'reunpleasantlysweet,nutritionallyempty,andincreasinglysubjecttotaxation.Morethan35statesandsevencitiesintheUSnowintroduceataxonsoda(碳酸饮料)andothersugarsweeteneddrinks.____16____Publichealthresearchersandorganizationsseethesetaxesaslowhangingfruitinthebattleagainstbeingoverweightandthehealthproblemssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)thatoftenewithit.IntheUnitedStates,nearly40percentofadultsareoverweight.___17___Butthewidespreadconsumptionoffoodspackedwithaddedsugarsplaysamajorrole,anddrinksaccountfornearlyhalftheaddedsugarintheAmericandiet."It'sreallyhardtoridthebehaviors.Andtaxesareoneofthemostinfluentialpoliciestomovetheneedleonunhealthyeatinghabits,"saysChristinaRoberto,abehavioralscientistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia.____18____Manypublichealthresearcherssaythere'sagoodreasontothinktheycanrelievetheharmsofsugarydrinks,too.Atthesametime,somearguethatsodataxesmightnothavetheinfluenceonpublichealth.___19___Or,theycouldswitchtootherunhealthyfoods.Or,insomecases,theycouldsimplybuytheirsodainaneighboringcitythatdoesn'ttaxthem.Whilesupportersacknowledgethatsuchsmallpriceincreasesareunlikelytodiscourageoccasional(偶尔)sodadrinkers,thosearen'tthepeopleatgreatestrisk.Thehopeisthattaxeswillleadtoareductioninconsumptionbypeoplewithmoreserioushabits.___20___Butanincreasingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthetaxeshavealreadyreducedconsumptionofsugarydrinksinsomeareasanencouragingandvitalstep.A.Theproblemisplex.B.Thedebateisstillgoingon.C.Ineffect,itistaxingonbadhabits.D.Theuseoftaxeshasalonghistory.E.Severalmoreplacesareconsideringit.FTaxeshavehelpedreducetheeffectofalcoholantitobacco.G.It’slikelythatpeopledon'tcareaboutthedifferencethelowtaxesmaymake.【答案】16.E17.A18.F19.G20.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对于含糖饮料征税的情况。【16题详解】前一句提到“Morethan35statesandsevencitiesintheUSnowintroduceataxonsodaandothersugarsweeteneddrinks.”美国超过35个地区和7个城市现在开始对碳酸饮料和含糖饮料征税，所以接下来，选项E“更多地区也在考虑这个问题”，逻辑上为递进关系。Morethan35statesandsevencities呼应moreplaces。故选E。【17题详解】前一句提到“IntheUnitedStates,nearly40percentofadultsareoverweight.”美国百分之四十的成年人都有肥胖症。空格后句用but话锋一转，“thewidespreadconsumptionoffoodspackedwithaddedsugarsplaysamajorrole,anddrinksaccountfornearlyhalftheaddedsugarintheAmericandiet.”指出大量消费含糖食物是主要原因，其中饮料占美国饮食中糖分的一半。这是肥胖症的部分原因，所以空格出现的句子是承上启下的过渡句，选项A“这个问题很复杂”，句意和逻辑上都满足要求，Theproblem指代上文的“美国百分之四十的成年人都有肥胖症”。故选A。【18题详解】本句和后句联系紧密。空格后“Manypublichealthresearcherssaythere'sagoodreasontothinktheycanrelievetheharmsofsugarydrinks,too.”很多公共健康研究者说有充足的理由认为，税收也可以减少含糖饮料的不良影响。可知空格这句应该是介绍税收的好处，选项F“税收已经降低了酒精和烟草的影响”。relievetheharmsofsugarydrinks呼应reducetheeffectofalcoholantitobacco。故选F。

【19题详解】本段介绍了反对方的观点，“somearguethatsodataxesmightnothavetheinfluenceonpublichealth.”与此同时，一些人认为对碳酸饮料征税可能不会对公众健康产生影响，空格后介绍了或者，他们可以转向其他不健康的食物。所以空格的内容是和空格后并列的行为，选项G“很可能人们并不关心低税收可能带来的差异”，满足要求，don'tcareaboutthedifference呼应switchtootherunhealthyfoods。故选G。【20题详解】本段是末段，总结全文。上文既有支持观点也有反对观点，空格后出现了but逻辑上出现转折，内容上越来越多的研究表明征税已经引起一些地区含糖饮料消费量的下降，选项B“争论还在进行”，切题。是对上文既有支持观点也有反对观点的总结。故选B。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Evenas,teacher,mymotherdidn'tunderstand"learningdisabilities".The____21____wasalmostunknownwhenIwasachild.Shewas____22____Iwasbrightandwasworkinghardatschool.Shewonderedwhymyachievementwasso____23____.EveryonesaidIwaslazy,stupidorboth.ThenIbeganto____24____them.SometimesIjust____25____.Icouldn'twrite,readoranswerquestionsquickly.Anyway,Igraduated.AlthoughIwasthe____26____inmyclass.Iwantedtogotolawschoolagainstthebest____27____ofmyschoolconsultants.___28___,BrooklynLawSchooltookachanceonme.I____29____withmybestacademicperformanceandIgraduatedbetterthistimeinthemiddleofmyclass.BylawschoolIhadbegunto____30____howtomakeupformyproblems.Ihadthe____31____tomeetSteveLusthaus,a(n)___32___,whospenthour____33____legalconceptswithme.Lawschoolwas____34____becausetherewasmorestressonconceptsandlessonrote(死记硬背)learning,mygreatest____35____.SteveandIstilljokeaboutwhenhe____36____mebeforeanexamwhereIscoredan"A"andheonlya"B".IalsorememberthenightIdecidedtodropoutbecauseoftheendless____37____andStevearguedwithme,____38____toletmesleepuntilIagreedtostay.Luckily,bythetimeIwasdiagnosed(诊断)aslearningdisabledattheageofthirtyfive,Ihadlearnedto____39____myproblems.Bytheageofthirtyseven,Iwasa____40____.21.A.term B.situation C.idea D.method22.A.uncertain B.convinced C.hopeful D.proud23.A.low B.remarkable C.meaningless D.satisfying24.A.leave B.believe C.ignore D.avoid25.A.carriedon B.slippedaway C.yelledout D.gaveup26.A.first B.second C.middle D.last27.A.work B.advice C.teaching D.offer28.A.Eventually B.Obviously C.Generally D.Luckily29.A.responded B.dealt C.didaway D.gotaway30.A.regret B.share C.learn D.forget31.A.time B.right C.fortune D.possibility32.A.professor B.colleague C.student D.officer33.A.changing B.creating C.questioning D.discussing34.A.easier B.better C.moredifficult D.moreplex35.A.achievement B.advantage C.weakness D.ambition36.A.quarrelledwith B.tutored C.playedwith D.stopped37.A.pressure B.petition C.notes D.lectures38.A.trying B.hesitating C.refusing D.forcing39.A.stand B.prevent C.remove D.handle40.A.prisoner B.judge C.father D.patient【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.B25.D26.D27.B28.D29.A30.C31.C32.C33.D34.A35.C36.B37.A38.C39.D40.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了患有学习障碍症的作者，在父母、同学的关爱和鼓励下，通过自己的努力成长为一名法官的故事。【21题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我小时候，大家都不知道这个“术语”。A.term术语；B.situation形势，情况；C.idea想法，主意；D.method方式，方法。依据最后一段可知，“我”三十五岁才确诊患有学习障碍症，所以，“我”小的时候大家都不知道这个“术语”，指learningdisabilities，故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我妈妈坚信我很聪明，她也知道我在学校很努力。A.uncertain不确定的；B.convinced确信的，深信的；C.hopeful满怀希望的，给人以希望的；D.proud骄傲的。结合上文，“我”小时候大家都不知道“我”有学习障碍，所以作为妈妈，那时候是很相信自己的孩子是聪明努力的，故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她想知道为什么我成绩很差。A.low低的；差的；B.remarkable引人注目的，卓越的，显著的；C.meaningless无意义的；D.satisfying令人满意的。结合上句，妈妈认为孩子聪明又努力，但是孩子的成绩糟糕，所以才wonder想知道原因，故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：学校的人都说我又懒又笨，过了一段时间，我就相信“他们（所说的话）”了。A.leave离开，抛下；B.believe相信；C.ignore忽视；D.avoid避免，防止。每一个人都在否定“我”，结合下文“我”一系列消极的反应，说明别人说的时间久了，自己就信了，故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候我就直接“放弃”了。A.carryon继续进行，经营；B.slipaway不告而别，溜走；C.yellout喊出；D.giveup放弃。此空承接上一句，“我”相信别人对我的否定，结合“Icouldn'twrite,readoranswerquestionsquickly.”不能很快的读写以及回答问题，所以有时候“我”直接就放弃了。故选D项。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管成绩是班里最后一名（last）。A.first第一的；B.second第二的；C.middle中间的；D.last最后的。根据上文自己学校的表现，可知作者成绩很差，故选D项。【27题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我想去学法律，这违背学校顾问提出的最佳“建议”。A.work工作；B.advice建议；C.teaching教学；D.offer提议。“我”成绩这样差，学习能力又弱，竟然想去学法律，学校的顾问肯定不会这样建议的，故选B项。【28题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：非常幸运地是，布鲁克林法学院接受我这样一个差生。A.Eventually最后，终于；B.Obviously明显地，显而易见地；C.Generally笼统地，通常地；D.Luckily幸运地。布鲁克林法学院竟然接受了我，肯定是很幸运，故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：被这么好的学校接受了，我就用最好的学业表现来“回报”。A.respond回应，回答，反应；B.deal处理，涉及；C.doaway消灭；D.getaway逃离。结合上文语境，“我”很幸运可以来到这个学校学法律，所以要好好学，用成绩回应学校给的机会，且空后有介词with，respondwith“用......回复，回应”，故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：到法学院时，我开始“学会”怎样弥补我的问题。A.regret后悔，遗憾；B.share分享；C.learn学习；D.forget忘记，忘却，忽略。根据上文分析以及选项，可知是学着弥补自己的不足，故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我有“幸”认识了SteveLusthaus，我的同学，他愿意花好几个小时和我“讨论”法律概念。A.time时间；B.right权利；C.fortune时运，运气；D.possibility可能性。结合语境，“我”遇到愿意和我一起学习的人，是幸运的。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。句意同上。A.professor教授；B.colleague同学；C.student学生；D.officer官员。从下文第16所在句子，知道他们一起开玩笑谈论考试成绩，所以推断作者和Steve是同学关系。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.changing改变；B.creating创造；C.questioning提问，询问；D.discussing谈论，讨论。空格后的宾语是法律概念，结合选项，应该是讨论这些概念，故选D项。【34题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：法学院比大学“容易”，因为法学院更注重概念的理解，而不是死记硬背的学习这是我最严重的的不足。A.easier更容易的；B.better更好的；C.moredifficult更困难；D.moreplex更复杂的。法学院和大学不一样，他注重的不是我所不擅长的死记硬背，所以对“我”而言，比大学容易，故选A项。【35题详解】考查名词辨析。句意同上。A.achievement完成，实现；B.advantage优势，优点；C.weakness弱点，缺点；D.ambition雄心，野心。此空是前边rotelearning的同位语，因为作者患有学习障碍症，因此死记硬背是他的“弱点”，故选C项。【36题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：Steve和我还会开玩笑，说起当初考试前他“辅导”我，结果我考A他考B的事。A.quarrelwith与……争吵；B.tutor任课，指导；C.playwith同……一起玩；D.stop使停止，停留。结合语境，依照“我”的实际情况，应该是Steve在考试前帮助“我”，教“我”，故选B项。【37题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我依然记得那天晚上，因为无尽的“压力”我想退学，Steve和我争论一晚上，直到我同意不退学，才让我去睡觉。A.pressure压力；B.petition竞争；C.notes笔记；D.lectures演讲，讲课。结合上文语境可知，以“我”的能力，在法律学校学习，肯定会面临很大的压力，故选A项。【38题详解】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.trying尝试；B.hesitating犹豫；C.refusing拒绝，回绝；D.forcing强制，强迫。此处指Steve一直劝“我”，不让“我”睡觉直到我同意留下来，故选C项。【39题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：幸运的是，当我三十五岁才查出有学习障碍症时，我已经学会了应对它。A.stand站立，忍受；B.prevent阻碍；C.remove移开，清除；D.handle应对，处理。三十五才知道自己这么多年症结所在，其实是不幸的，但对于“我”而言，因为已经很好地应对自己的问题，所以才幸运，故选D项。【40题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：三十七岁，我成了一名法官。A.prisoner囚犯，犯人；B.judge法官；C.father父亲；D.patient病人，患者。上文说“我”喜欢法律且努力在法学院学习法律，并且成绩不错，因此选“法官”合适。故选B项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaistheworld'slargestcenterofgoodsmakingandtheworld'slargestexporterofgoods.Chineseagriculturenotonlyhelpsfeed____41____(develop)placesbutalsohelpsfeedothermajorworldpowers.Chinahashelpedmany____42____(Europe),SouthAmericanandNorthAfricancountriesdealwiththeeconomiccrisis(经济危机).China,____43____hasgrownfastoverthepastdecade,isnowthelargesteconomyoutsidethegroupofdeveloped____44____(country).China,inparticular,isinthenewseveryday.Generally,it____45____(see)asoneoftheworld'smajor