（福建专用）高考英语总复习 课时规范练7 Unit 4 Cyberspace（A）北师大必修2-北师大高三必修2英语试题

Unit4Cyberspace（A）(35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·北京卷)Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶的)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制论),putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.1.Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay.

A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.workfasterthanamathematician2.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto.

A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternationalchessmatches3.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.

A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmachinesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itwillstayforadecade.B(2017·天津重点中学4月八校联考)Theweatheraffectsmanyaspectsofpeople’sdailylife.Knowingandunderstandingwhattheweatherisdoingisuseful.However,theweatherisalsooneofthemostunpredictableelementsintheworld.Althoughmanypeoplewatchthemorningnewsandgathertheinformationabouttheweather,thisisoftenwrong.Wholedayscanberuinedbybelievingthattheweatherwillbeonething,whenitturnsouttobeanother.However,owningwirelessweatherstationsallowstheownerstomonitortheweatherforthemselves.Notonlywilltheseweatherstationsallowtheownerstoseewhattheweatherisdoing,butitispersonalizedtothemandtheirarea.Wirelessweatherstationsarespecificallypreparedfortheimmediateneighborhood.Planswillbeabletobemade,andimportantdecisionswillnolongerberuinedbybadweather.Althoughtheseweatherstationsaretypicallyseeninhomes,theycanalsobeusedveryeasilyonfarmsandfishingboats.Bothfarmersandfishermenrelyontheweatherfortheirbusinessandusingup-to-dateweatherinformationisquiteindispensable.Byusingthewirelessweatherstations,itcandetermineforthemwhentoharvestcropsandheadbacktotheshore.Duetothesizeoftheweatherstations,theycanbemovedveryeasilyandusedwhereverisnecessaryforpeople.Thewirelessweatherstationsaregreatforallhomes,especiallyforareasthatsufferfromextremeweatherconditions.Theup-to-date,instantweatherreportswillallowapersontomonitorwhattheweatherisdoingandifthebadweatherisheadingintheirdirection.Extremeweathertendstocomeveryquickly;therefore,anyinformationthatisreceivedishelpful.Theweatherstationsareverysimpletosetupandarerunbysolarpanels(太阳能电池板),ensuringtheywillworkevenifthereisapowercut.Theyarefarsmallerthanthoseinpreviousyearsandgiveacoupleofverysimpleread-outsfortheowner.Theyareeasytouseandfascinatingtounderstand.5.FromParagraph2,theauthorintendsto.

A.showushowunpredictabletheweatherusedtobeB.explainthevalueofhavingwirelessweatherstationsC.makeitclearhowpopularthemorningnewsisD.showhowpeoplegotweatherinformationinthepast6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indispensable”inParagraph4mean?A.Essential. B.Indifferent.C.Attractive. D.Impossible.7.Whatcanwelearnaboutawirelessweatherstation?A.Theinformationitprovidesisslowbutmorespecific.B.Itishardtosetupbutcanbemovedfromoneplacetoanother.C.Itiseconomicalandsavesmoneyinthelongrun.D.Itcancontinuetoworkevenifthereisapowerfailure.8.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Theweatheranditseffectsonpeople’sdailylife.B.Theweather—themostunpredictableelementintheworld.C.Goodreasonsforhavingwirelessweatherstations.D.Theimportanceofknowingandunderstandingtheweather.〚导学号07020014〛Ⅱ.七选五(2017·安徽四校联考)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AvoidInternetAddiction1ManypeoplesufferfromaddictiontotheInternetandhaveahardtimepayingattentiontotheimportantthingsaroundthem.Howcanwepreventourselvesfromgoingonlinetoomuch?

Admityouhaveanaddiction.2Realizemoreandmorepeopleintheworldarebecomingaddicted.Youarenottheonlyonewiththisproblem.Donotbeembarrassed;findotherswiththesameproblemandhelpeachotherbeatit.

Limityourcomputertime.Makesurenottoturnitontoomanytimesaweek.Beforeusingyourcomputer,decideonatimelimitsuchas30minutes.Settheclockandmakesurethatyougetoffthecomputerwhenthetimeisup.3

Tryusingthecomputeratthelibrary.Youwon’tbeasattractedtolookatcertainwebsitesandtheydohavealimitonhowlongyoucanstayonline.4.Soyouwon’tbeasattractedtobeontheInternetasathome.

5Goforarunwithafriendorgetexercisesomeotherway.Keepupwiththelocaleventsinyourneighborhood.Theremaybetalks,films,concertsandsportseventsetc.Findsome,aslongasitisnotontheInternet,andgetinvolved.

A.YouwillbehappierifyouusetheInternetless.B.Thereisnouseavoidingthetruth.C.Also,itisagoodplacetogetsomegoodbooksandmagazinestoread.D.Getahobbyoraninterest.E.Internetaddictionaffectsalotofpeople.F.Getyourfriendstoremindyouifyou’vebeenonalongtime.G.Trytoreducetheamountoftimeby5minuteseachtime.〚导学号07020015〛Ⅲ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。ThismorningIsawoffmyauntatrailwaystation.Thereweremanypassengerinthewaitingroom.Isawanoldladycryingsadbecauseshehadlostherticketandwasnotabletoaffordanotherone.Iwasthinkingabouthelpingherwhenamancomeuptocomforther.Thenheboughtheraticketwithhisownmoney.Theoldladywassomovingthatshecouldhardlysayaword.Shegraspedherhandandaskedforhisnameoraddress.Butheonlysmiledandsaid,“It’smypleasure.”Thenheleftawayquickly.Iwasgreatlymovedbysoamanhewarmedotherswithhislove.答案：Ⅰ.A【语篇导读】人工智能产品日新月异,层出不穷,但人们开始担心超智能机器的安全问题。因为情况一旦失控,后果将无法想象。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段内容,尤其是第二句“Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.”可推断出,人工智能产品的发展很可能将会超出人类的控制范围。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.”可知,有特殊用途的机器和生物一样,也会防止自身遭到毁灭。3.D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Someresearchersarguethatwecan...toaffecttherealworld.”可知,一些研究人员认为,我们可以使用防火墙把机器人封闭起来,避免它们影响我们生活的现实世界。4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAI