北京市平谷五中2020-2021学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

平谷五中20202021学年第一学期高二10月月考英语试卷2020.10语法填空（15分,10题）ADespitethefactthatpeerpressureismostmonlyseenasaverynegativeissue,itcan1．(see)positivelyinsomesituations.Thiscaninvolvepressuringyourpeerstoavoiddrugs,behonest,avoidalcohol,respectothers,workhard,exercise,bekind,beresponsible,andmore.Friendsandpeer2．(actual)affectthechoicesyoumake.Choosingtohavegoodfriendscanhaveaverystrongeffect3．you.BIn2016,shewon4．HugoAwardwithhershortnovel,FoldingBeijing,whichmadeherthefirstfemalewriterinChinatobringhomethisprize.Lateron,theauthor5．(turn)toeducation.ShesetupTongxingAcademyforpublicwelfareeducationandWePlanets6．(develop)children’screativityafterschool.CIntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake7．(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother8．thecheeks.ThisisalsomoninFrance,9．theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot10．universalrule.完形填空（30分，20题）Aparent’shopesfor2030When2010arrived,mysonwasonlyayearold—tiny.11，themasterofafewbasicwords,butstillmostlythebabywe'd12intotheworld.Nowmybabyhasgrownintoan13—tall,strong,stout,andsmart,a(n)14ofAkiraKurosawasamuraimovies.A15fromnow,in2030,hewillbeanadult.Iexpectthenext10yearstoflyby,andbefilledwith16.As2020begins.Iamthinkingaboutthekindofworldmysonwill17andexperience.I18forhim,andforalltheyoungpeopleofhisage.SoIhaveseveral19fortheworldmysonandhisgenerationwilllivein：Ihopewefinallyget20aboutclimatechange.Polariceismelting.Theoceansare21.Thequestionis22whetherwecanstopclimatechange，butwhetherwe‘rewillingandabletodoanythingto23it.I’mnotsurewhatawarmingplanetwill24formyson'slife.Isuspectitmeanshewillliveinaworldwherenationsandgroups25limitedresourceslikecleanwaterandfood,whichmeansthatthedangerofclimatechangewon'tejustfromrisingoceans,butfromotherhumanspetingforcontroloverwhat’s26Theworldisalwaysgoingtobefullof27abouthowtosolvethechallengesweface.Ihope，too，thatmyson’sgenerationlearnsto28justice—buttodosowithbigheartandhumility，recognizingourmonhumanity(人性）evenwithpeoplewho29us.Theworldof2030won’t30itself.Wearecreatingitnow,somyfinalwishisthatwebuildthekindofworldweactuallywantourchildrentolivein.11．A．special B．generous C．intelligent D．dependent12．A．weled B．raised C．grown D．congratulated13．A．athlete B．adolescent C．artist D．engineer14．A．director B．author C．lover D．reader15．A．month B．century C．year D．decade16．A．questions B．experience C．danger D．change17．A．create B．notice C．face D．shake18．A．worry B．sacrifice C．provide D．arrange19．A．plans B．methods C．hopes D．choices20．A．particular B．serious C．optimistic D．enthusiastic21．A．drying B．rising C．growing D．cooling22．A．forsure B．asusual C．nolonger D．tillnow23．A．slow B．record C．plete D．oppose24．A．mean B．obtain C．share D．seek25．A．pickup B．fightover C．turndown D．takepart26．A．finished B．continued C．started D．left27．A．aims B．examples C．disagreements D．results28．A．escape B．express C．seek D．affect29．A．differfrom B．agreewith C．referto D．callfor30．A．blame B．admire C．prove D．build三、阅读理解第一节45分，15题ATheMysteryoftheFamousWordCollectorOneofthegreatestcontributorstothefirstOxfordEnglishDictionarywasalsooneofitsmostunusual.In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.ItwouldincludeeveryEnglishwordpossibleandwouldgivenotonlythedefinitionbutalsothehistoryofthewordandquotations（引文）showinghowitwasused.Thiswasahugetask,soMurrayhadtofindvolunteersfromBritain,theUnitedStates,andtheBritishcoloniestosearcheverynewspaper,magazine,andbookeverwritteninEnglish.Hundredsofvolunteersresponded,includingWilliamChesterMinor.Dr.MinorwasanAmericansurgeonwhohadservedintheCivilWarandwasnowlivinginEngland.Hegavehisaddressas“Broadmoor,Crowthorne,Berkshire,”50milesfromOxford.MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.Overthenext17years,hebecameoneofthestaff’smostvaluedcontributors.Buthewasalsoamystery.Inspiteofmanyinvitations,hewouldalwaysdeclinetovisitOxford.Soin1897,MurrayfinallydecidedtotraveltoCrowthornehimself.Whenhearrived,hefoundMinorlockedinabooklinedroomattheBroadmoorAsylum（精神病院）fortheCriminallyInsane.MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.MurraycontinuedtovisitMinorregularly,sometimestakingwalkswithhimaroundtheasylumgrounds.In1910,MinorleftBroadmoorforanasyluminhisnativeAmerica.Murraywasattheporttowavegoodbyetohisremarkablefriend.Minordiedin1920,sevenyearsbeforethefirsteditionoftheOxfordEnglishDictionarywaspleted.The12volumesdefined414,825words,andthousandsofthemwerecontributionsfromaveryscholarlyanddevotedasylumpatient.31.Accordingtothetext,thefirstOxfordEnglishDictionary________．A.cameoutbeforeMinordiedB.waseditedbyanAmericanvolunteerC.includedtheEnglishwordsinventedbyMurrayD.wasintendedtobethemostambitiousEnglishdictionary32.HowdidDr.Minorcontributetothedictionary?A.HewenttoEnglandtoworkwithMurray.B.HehelpedMurraytofindhundredsofvolunteers.C.Hesentnewspapers,magazinesandbookstoMurray.D.Heprovidedagreatnumberofwordsandquotations.33.Prof.MurrayandDr.Minorbecamefriendsmainlybecause________．A.theybothservedintheCivilWarB.theyhadamoninterestinwordsC.MinorrecoveredwiththehelpofMurrayD.MurraywenttoAmericaregularlytovisitMinorBTheWakeupCall“What’sthat?”mytenyearolddaughter,Genie,asked.She’dcaughtmelaughingatapieceofmailI’djustopened.“Wakeupservice;$2.50percall.”Atthebottomwasaphonenumberandadrawingofarotaryphone,liketheonemygreatauntSarahadowned40yearsago.“Isthatmailfunny?”Genieasked.“Notreally,”Iadmitted.“It’sjustoutdated.”“What’sawakeupcall？”Shefrowned.Iexplainedhow,beforesmartphones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.“Whosentthisflyer?”shepressed.“Probablysomeoneolder,”Isaid,“andcouldusesomemoney.”Hereyeslitup.“Canweorderawakeup?”sheasked.“Wedon’tneedit.”Ipickeditupandheadedfortherecyclingbin.“Wait!”sheshrieked.“Ifeelsorryforthewakeupman,ifheneedssomemoney,”shesaid,tearingup.“Can’tweorder?”Ilookedattheflyerwithitsdrawingofarotaryphone.Iremembered,again,mygreatauntSaraandherrotaryphone.Asakid,I’dvisitedheroverLaborDay,whenJerryLewiswouldhosthischarityeventforthedisabledkids.AuntSarawouldsqueezemyhand,thenreachfortherotaryphone,dialingthenumberonthescreen.Holdingthereceiverbetweenus,we’dannouncetotheoperator,“We’dliketohelpthosekids.”Nowherewasmyownchild,showingthesamebigheartI’doncebeenencouragedtohave,andhowcouldIignoreher?IGoogledtheflyer’sreturnaddress.TheaddressbelongedtoamancalledRaymond.Hewasinhismid60s.Wecalledhimand,holdingthereceiverbetweenus,thewayAuntSaraandIusedto,toldhimweneededhisservices.“Great!”Raymondsaidinashakybutfriendlyvoice,clearlyamazedatreceivinganorderfromachild.WhenIaskedhowtopaythe$2.50,heanswered,“Mailacheck.”Geniewashappyallweek.Fridaynight,IputthephonebyherpillowsoshecouldanswerRaymond’scall.Sheboundedtomybedroomtotellmeallabouthowhe’dwishedheragoodmorningandtoldhertohaveagreatday,whichshedid.Technologyhasmadesomethingsoutdated.Buttherearestillotherthingstheworldwillalwaysrequire.Intherushandhustleofmydailylife,I’dtemporarilyforgottenthat.IguessIjustneededawakeupcall.34.Theauthorlaughedatthemailbecause________.A.itwasprintedroughlyB.thedrawinginitwaspoorC.thewakeupcallcosttoomuchD.theserviceitofferedwasoutdated35.Whatdidtheauthorwanttodowiththeflyeratfirst?A.Throwitaway. B.LetGeniereadit.C.Findoutwhosentit. D.KeepitawayfromGenie.36.Whatmadetheauthorfinallydecidetoorderawakeupcall?A.Herownchildhoodexperience.B.Thelessfortunatewakeupman.C.Genie’scuriosityabouttheservice.D.TheinformationshefoundonGoogle.37.Whatmight“otherthings”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Braveryandcuriosity. B.Confidenceandpatience.C.Honestyandhumor. D.Generosityandkindness.CAGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwellbeingthroughoutyourlife.Whileyou'resleeping,yourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleep,notallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.Asleepexpert,PhilAtherton,gavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenight,whichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAtherton,noteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebed,asitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingaround.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebed,asyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternal"bodyclock".Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleep,thepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.Anotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusic.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebed,especiallyasuitablemattress(床垫),isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivity,andwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.Thebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuser,allowingforspacetomovearound.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcentury,studieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseases,suchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolongtermbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.38.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.39.Accordingtotheauthor,beforegoingtosleep,you'dbetter__________.A.freeyourselffromtensionB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.recordyourbiologicalclock40.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2referto?A.Noteatingfood.B.Takingameal.C.Notsleepingwell.D.Havingagoodsleep.41.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Subpoint(次要点)C:ConclusionDTherearetwomaintypesofofficelayoutsusedbymostpaniesaroundtheworld:LandscapeOfficeandEnclosedOffice.Alandscapeofficelacksprivacy,however,thisofficelayoutismorebeneficialthananenclosedofficeforemployeestoimproveworkefficiency(效率)andproductivity.Somepeoplemightdesireanundisturbedworkplace.Accordingtothesurveycollectedfromapanywiththetwokindsofofficelayouts,mostofmanagerspreferaworkplacewheretheycanconcentrateontheirworkandmakeaclearthinking.However,managersthatpossesstheirownenclosedofficesmighthavethefeelingofbeingdistantfromtheirclerks,whichleadstohighpressure.Meanwhile,employeestendtobenervouswhentheyhaveconversationswiththeirmanagersinanobviouslyhierarchical(等级制的)environment.Incontrast,alandscapeofficemakesiteasierandmorepleasantforemployeestomunicatewiththeirmanagersortheircolleagues;thiswouldresultinspeedingupworkefficiencyandproductivity.

Besides,greaterinteractionisbeneficialforemployeestobuildupfriendshipinalandscapeoffice.ThiscanbeprovedbytheexperimentofBrookesandKaplan.Theyrecordedtheattitudesandopinionsof120employeestowardtheirenclosedofficebeforetheymovedtothelandscapeoffice,andthenafterninemonthstheyweretestedagain.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthoseemployeesperformedpositivechangesingroupsociability.Whenpeoplehavebettergroupsociability,theyexperienceabetterteamworkandefficientcooperation,whichsurelypromotesworkproductivity.Someopponentsclaimthatalandscapeofficewouldleadtothedeclineofthevalueofworksatisfactionandmotivationfromemployees.However,theresultfromotherresearchersremainedcontroversial;intheiropinionthereareseveralfactorswhichaffectjobsatisfactionandmotivation.600Canadianfederalgovernmentdepartmentworkerswhowerehousedatamodernlandscapeofficeandweresurveyedgavebothnegativeandpositivefeedback.Theyadmittedthattheyfeltthesenseofbelongingtoateamoraworkingmunity,whichmainlycontributestojob

satisfaction.Motivationisalsoincreasedbyasenseofresponsibilityforandloyaltytoateam.Admittedly,therearesomeadvantagesthatonlyenclosedofficespossess.However,alandscapeofficecanbinethefeaturesofthetraditionalenclosedoffice,forexample,designingtheindependentmeetingroomtodecreasenoisefromdiscussion.Althoughthebenefitsofalandscapeofficeoutweighthoseofanenclosedoffice,whichlayoutisbettershouldbedecidedbythecharacteristicsofthepeopleandthetypeofworktheydo.42.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.Colleaguecooperationanditsmotivation.B.Groupsociabilityanditsproductivity.C.Workingenvironmentanditseffect.D.Officeprivacyanditsatmosphere.43.WhathasthesignificanteffectonproductivityaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Jobsatisfaction. B.Relaxedatmosphere. C.Groupsociability. D.Undisturbedworkplace.44.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Enclosedofficeleadstoindividualcreativity.B.Differentworkingstylesinenclosedofficeisencouraged.C.Landscapeofficecontributestoeffectiveconversations.D.Frequentmunicationinlandscapeofficeresultsinhighpressure.45.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsofficelayouts?A.Objective. B.Casual. C.Optimistic. D.Sceptical.第二节共25分，5题DoActionsSpeakLouderthanWords?Oursocietyisfastpaced.Weareallrushingfromoneplacetothenext,blowingourhornatslowdriverswhomaybesingingsongsinthecarwiththeirchildrenorpointingoutsomeinterestingsights.Wedon'thavetimeforthatsillinesstoday.Butwetrytosaytoourselvesthatwewillmaketimeforfuntomorrow.Itistimetotakeafewdeepbreathsandthinkaboutouractionsandourwords.__46__Haveyoueverreallythoughtaboutthesaying“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”?Thinkaboutitnow.Ifyousayonethingandactinanoppositeway,willthewordsbeignoredandjusttheactionsremembered?Idon’tdon’tthinkso.__47__Itisalsoequallyimportanttousewordstoshowappreciation,love,approvalandhappinessandthenfollowthosewordswithahug,patonthebackorsmile.__48__Whataboutthatsaying?True?Yes!Wordscarryalotofweightandwillberememberedforyearsespeciallywhentheyarewrittendown.Meanwordscanhurtforthatmomentandforalifetime.Iamsurethateachofusremembersatimewhenafriendmadeanunkindment.__49__Let’snotbeamemberofthat“club”.Whenwasthelasttimethatyouhidalovenoteinalunchboxorinyourmate’scoatpocket?Ifyouwanttoseeabrightsmile,thatwilldoit!Thepowerofthiswrittennotewillberememberedformanydays,evenyears.“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodpliment(夸奖)”,saidMarkTwain.Childrengrowstrongerwhentheyfeelappreciatedandunderstood.__50__Aperfectwaytoturnabaddayaroundistopraiseyourchild.“Inoticedthatyourhairlookedverynicetoday.”“Didyouhangyourcoatupallbyyourself?”Itisamazinghowthosefewwordscanchangeachild'soutlook...almostimmediately.Don’tstopthere...Oneofmysistersendedaphoneconversationwiththreewords“Iloveyou”!Boy,thatputaspringinmystep!MarkTwainisright.Istillfeelthepositiveeffectofthosethreelittlebutverypowerfulwords.A.Thepenismorepowerfulthanthesword.B.Isitreallyreasonabletodosomethinglikethat?C.Dotheydisplaytheattitudethatwewanttoconvey?D.Itisimportanttohaveyourwordsmatchyouractions.E.Behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.F.Thosewordsdidlastingdamagetoyou,therelationshiporboth.G．Don’tbeafraidtoshoweryourchildwithencouragingwordsalldaylong.四、选词填空（20分，10题）从下面的词汇中，选择合适的词汇，填写在短文的空中。PracticalexperimenthandledonbehalfofextremelyAcidconstantlyengagingworthwhilecalmTodayIwouldliketospeakaboutmyscienceteacherMsZhang.Ihavebeenherstudentfortwoyears.MsZhang’slessonsarealwaysso51.Sheuseslotsof52examplestoshowushowthingshappen,whichmakesthelessons53interesting.Sheisalsoverypatient.Irememberoncewewereconductinga(n)54andIaccidentallydroppedsome55onthefloor.Insteadofbeingangry,MsZhang56issowellbystaying57andhelpingmecleanitup.Sheis58workinghardtoshareherloveofsciencewithusandIhopesheknowsthatallofhereffortsare59.Here,60myclassmatesandmyself,IwouldliketosaytoMsZhang,“HappyTeacher’sDay!”五、书面表达（15分）假定你是李华，想邀请你的新西兰朋友Kevin参加你校将要举行的“劳动周”相关活动。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.活动时间；2.活动内容（如：校园环境美化、校内垃圾分类等）；3.活动意义.参考词汇：LabourWeek劳动周注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考答案一、语法填空（15分,10题）A语法填空【答案】1.be

seen2.actually3.on/upon【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了同龄人和朋友对我们会产生积极的影响。【1题详解】考查被动语态。句意：尽管同龄人的压力通常被视为是一个非常消极的问题，但在某些情况下，它也可以被视为积极的。主语it指代peerpressure，和see之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被动语态，前面有情态动词can，后接动词原形；see是不规则变化动词，过去分词为seen。故填beseen。【2题详解】考查副词。句意：朋友和同龄人实际上会影响你的选择。修饰动词affect，用副词形式。故填actually。【3题详解】考查固定短语。句意：选择结交好的朋友会对你产生很大的影响。短语haveaneffecton/upon对……有影响。故填on/upon。B语法填空【答案】4.the5.turned6.todevelop【解析】本篇短文是记叙文，讲述了清华大学毕业生郝景芳获得雨果奖后，转向教育，创办公益性的“童行学院”和“童行星球”。【4题详解】考查冠词。句意：2016年，她凭借短篇小说《北京折叠》获得雨果奖，成为中国首个获此殊荣的女作家。“雨果奖”是专有名词，前面需要加定冠词the，表特指。故填the。【5题详解】考查动词时态。句意：后来，这位作家转向了教育。短文叙述的是过去的事情，时间状语lateron表示过去的时间，因此用一般过去时。故填turned。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她创办了教育公益性的“童行学院”和“童行星球”，以培养孩子们在课余的创造力。根据句意，此处用不定式作目的状语，意思为“为了……”。故填todevelop。C语法填空【答案】7.isconsidered8.on9.where10.a【解析】本文是说明文。短文介绍了在不同的国家第一次见面时不同的风俗习惯。【7题详解】考查语态。句意：但在拉丁国家，有力的握手被认为是粗鲁无礼的。短文叙述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时；主语afirmhandshake和consider之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被动语态；此处用一般现在时的被动语态；afirmhandshake是单数形式，be动词应该用单数。故填isconsidered。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：在我的国家毛里求斯，人们见面时通常会亲吻对方的脸颊。根据句意，此处应是介词on；短语kisssbonthecheeks“在脸颊上亲吻”。故填on。【9题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这在法国也很常见，在那里这种行为被称为fairelabise。分析句子结构，“____theactiscalledfairelabise”是定语从句，先行词France在从句中做地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。故填where。【10题详解】考查冠词。句意：然而，这并不是一个普遍的规则。此处用不定冠词a表示数量，意思为“一个普遍的规则”；universal的发音是以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。二、完形填空（30分，20题）【答案】11.D12.A13.B14.C15.D16.D17.C18.A19.C20.B21.B22.C23.A24.A25.B26.D27.C28.C29.A30.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者对10年后儿子和儿子将来所处的世界的担忧和愿望。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当2010年到来的时候，我的儿子只有一岁，小小的，需要依靠，他掌握了一些基本的词，但仍是我们欢迎来到这个世界的婴儿。A.special特殊的；B.generous慷慨的；C.intelligent聪明的；D.dependent依靠的。由上文可知，儿子仅仅一岁，还很小，小孩子是需要依靠的。故选D。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当2010年到来的时候，我的儿子只有一岁，小小的，需要依靠的，他掌握了一些基本的词，但仍是我们欢迎来到这个世界的婴儿。A.weled欢迎；B.raised提升，养育；C.grown成长；D.congratulated祝贺。根据常识可知，面对自己的孩子降临到这个世界，当然是欢迎的了。短语weleinto意为“欢迎进入”；B选项raise意为“抚养”，是及物动词，后边直接接宾语；C选项不符合语境；D选项固定搭配为congratulateon，意为“对某事表示祝贺”。故选A。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的孩子已经长成一个青少年—高高的，强壮的，勇敢的；聪明的，一个黑泽明武士电影的爱好者。A.athlete运动员；B.adolescent青少年；C.artist艺术家；D.engineer工程师。根据下文“A___5___fromnow,in2030,hewillbeanadult.”，可知在2030年，他会成为一个成年人，联系上文2010年他刚刚一岁，可知他现在是青少年。故选B。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的孩子已经长成一个青少年—高高的，强壮的，勇敢的；聪明的，一个黑泽明武士电影的爱好者。A.director导演；主任；B.author作家；C.lover爱好者；D.reader读者。根据下文“AkiraKurosawasamuraimovies.（黑泽明武士电影）”，作者的儿子此时是个青少年，应该是武士电影的爱好者。故选C。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：从现在开始十年后，在2030年，他将会成为一个成年人。A.month月；B.century一世纪；百年；C.year年；D.decade十年。根据下文“Iexpectthenext10yearstoflyby,”，可知作者期待着下一个十年过去，因此此处是10年。故选D。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我期待着下一个十年飞逝，这期间是充满着变化的。A.questions问题；B.experience经验；C.danger危险；D.change变化。10年后儿子会长大成人，10年将会飞逝而过，而这其中是充满变化的。故选D。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着2020年的开始，我开始想我的儿子将会面对和经历的那种世界。A.create创造；B.notice注意；C.face面对；D.shake动摇。根据空格后的并列动词experience“经历”可知此处应为它的近义词，联系本句可知，作者在思考自己的儿子即将面对和经历的这个世界。故选C。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为他和所有和他同龄的年轻人担心。A.worry担忧；B.sacrifice牺牲；C.provide提供；D.arrange安排。根据下文作者对这个世界现存的问题提出的希望可知，在这里作者担心自己的儿子及所有他这个年龄的年轻人。故选A。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于我儿子和他这一代人生活的世界，我有几个愿望。A.plans计划；B.methods方法；C.hopes愿望；D.choices选择。根据下一段提示“Ihopewefinallyget...”可知作者有一些愿望。故选C。【20题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望我们最终能认真对待气候变化的问题。A.particular特别的；B.serious严肃的；C.optimistic乐观的；D.enthusiastic热情的。下文提到气候变化是一个严重的问题，此处表示作者希望能够认真对待。固定搭配beseriousabout意为“认真对待”，故选B。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：海平面在上升。A.drying变干；B.rising上升；C.growing成长；D.cooling变凉。由前文中“Polariceismelting.”可知海平面应该是在上升，下文第五段中也提到了“risingoceans”，故选B。【22题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个问题不再是我们是否能阻止气候变化，而是我们是否愿意、是否能够去做任何使它变慢的事。A.forsure无疑；B.asusual像往常一样；C.nolonger不再；D.tillnow到现在为止。but连接前后为转折关系，后一句是肯定语气，那么前一句应该是否定语气。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题不再是我们是否能阻止气候变化，而是我们是否愿意、是否能够去任何使它变慢的事。A.slow变慢；B.record记录；C.plete完成；D.oppose反对。联系上文可知，it指代climatechange，结合段意可知，我们不能阻止，但能减缓气候变化。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不确定一个温暖的星球将会对我儿子的一生意味着什么。A.mean表示···的意思；B.obtain获得；C.share分享；D.seek寻找。根据后句提示“Isuspectitmeanshe’llliveinaworld...”可知作者不确定全球变暖对于儿子的生活意味着什么。mean属词汇复现。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我怀疑它意味着，他生活在一个国家和团体争夺有限资源比如干净的水和食物的世界。A.pickup捡起；B.fightover争夺；C.turndown关小；D.takepart参与。根据下文“butfromotherhumanspetingforcontrolover”可知，作者在猜想这意味着他将活在一个国家和团体争夺有限资源比如干净的水和食物的世界，应选fightover“为……争斗”。其他选项均不符合句意。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着气候变化的危险将不仅仅来自海平面上升，更来自人类为了控制所剩下的资源的竞争。A.finished完成；B.continued继续；C.started开始；D.left留下。结合文章，根据上文中提到的“limitedresources”可知，气候变化的危害不仅仅来自海平面上升，更有人类为了掌控剩下的资源的竞争。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：关于如何解决我们面临的挑战，这个世界总是充满争论。A.aims目标；B.examples例子；C.disagreements分歧；D.results结果。根据“howtosolvethechallengesweface”可知此处应该是人类关于应对挑战的争论。故选C。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也希望我儿子这一代人学会寻找正义—但要怀着博大的心和谦卑去这样做，意识到我们共同的人性，即使是那些和我们不一样的人。A.escape逃脱；B.express表达；C.seek寻找；D.affect影响。根据buttodosowithbigheartandhumility，recognizingourmonhumanity(人性），可知此处应为寻求公正。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我也希望我儿子这一代人学会寻找正义—但要怀着博大的心和谦卑去这样做，意识到我们共同的人性，即使与那些和我们不一样的人。A.differfrom与···不同；B.agreewith同意；C.referto提及；D.callfor需要。本句中的even意为“即使”，表前后转折，结合句意“要意识到共同的人性，即使是与我们不同的人。”可知，前为“mon”，则后应该为“differfrom”。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2030年的世界不会自我建设。A.blame责备；B.admire赞赏；C.prove证明；D.build建造。根据下一句“Wearecreatingitnow”可知此处应为“create”的近义词。表示2030年的世界不会自己建造。故选D。【点睛】完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯。因此，在阅读文章的过程中，会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词，要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推测和判断。如本文第14小题根据后句提示“Isuspectitmeanshe’llliveinaworld...”可知作者不确定全球变暖对于儿子的生活意味着什么。mean属词汇复现。三、阅读理解第一节45分，15题A【答案】31.D32.D33.B【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Minor博士对第一部《牛津英语词典》的编撰所作出的巨大贡献。【31题详解】细节理解题。文章第一段中提到“In1879,OxfordUniversityinEnglandaskedProf.JamesMurraytoserveaseditorforwhatwastobethemostambitiousdictionaryinthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.（1879年，英国牛津大学请JamesMurray教授担任将会成为英语语言史上最宏大的词典的编辑）可知，第一部《牛津英语字典》当时旨在成为英国语言史上最宏大的英语词典。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段中提到“MinorjoinedthearmyofvolunteerssendingwordsandquotationstoMurray.（Minor加入了给Murray发送词语和引文的志愿者队伍）”；第五段中提到“Minorcontinuedcontributingtothedictionary,sendinginmorethan10,000submissionsin20years.（Minor继续为该词典撰稿，在20年的时间里发送了1万多份稿件）”，由此可知，Minor给词典提供了大量的词语和引文。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“MurrayandMinorbecamefriends,sharingtheirloveofwords.”可知，Murray和Minor成为了朋友是因为他们都热爱文字。故选B。B【答案】34.D35.A36.A37.D【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述女儿想订购叫醒服务，作者认为没有必要。但当作者回忆起自己小时的经历，她同意的女儿的要求，这个故事告诉我们在科学技术进步的今天，善良的心仍然是我们所需要的。【34题详解】D细节理解题。根据文中第二、三段Isthatmailfunny?”Genieasked.及“Notreally,”Iadmitted.“It’sjustoutdated.”可知，女儿问那封信很有趣吗？作者回答不有趣，它过时了，故选D项。【35题详解】A细节理解题。根据第八段““Wedon’tneedit.”Ipickeditupandheadedfortherecyclingbin.”可知，作者准备把它扔到垃圾箱，故选A项。【36题详解】A推理判断题。倒数第四段提到作者想到自己童年的经历（姑姑萨拉带她拨旋转），所以决定预定这项服务，故选A项。【37题详解】D词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Iexplainedhow,beforesmartphones,peoplesometimespaidsomeonetowakethemwithacall.”（我解释了，在智能出现之前，人们是如何付钱让别人用叫醒他们的）以及最后一段提到“Technologyhasmadesomethingsoutdated.”（科技让一些东西过时）可知，此处是说虽然科技的发展让人们不再需要叫醒服务，但有时我们还是需要别人善意的提醒，由此可知，其他的东西指的就是“慷慨和仁慈”，故选D项。考点：考查日常生活类阅读C【答案】38.B39.A40.A41.C【解析】本文是说明文，文章强调了睡眠跟健康生活的密切关系，以及如何提高睡眠质量提出了几点建议。【38题详解】主旨大意题。通读文章可知，第一段引出如何获得更好睡眠？接下来举出了几个提高睡眠质量的例子，故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Anotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstate.”可知，睡前要放松，不要紧张。故选A。【40题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“you’dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebed.”可知，it指代的是不要吃东西，故选A。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，首段提出论题：如何提高睡眠质量？之后列举分论点。第二段讲述饮食方面：睡前3小时别吃东西；第三段和第四段都是阐述如何去prepareyourbodyforsleep：可以减少接触光源，也可以听歌，洗澡放松你的状态；第五段阐述与睡觉相关的信息：如准备好宽敞的床，舒适的床垫以及注意睡姿。尾段总结升华：进一步强调睡眠质量与健康的关系。故C正确。D【答案】42.C43.B44.C45.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了景观办公室和封闭式办公室这两种不同类型的办公室布局，他们的不同布局特点以及不同的布局对工作效率的影响等。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Therearetwomaintypesofofficelayoutsusedbymostpaniesaroundtheworld:LandscapeOfficeandEnclosedOffice.可知，世界上大多数公司使用的办公室布局主要有两种：景观办公室和封闭式办公室。结合本文章主要讲述了两种不同类型的办公室布局、不同的布局的特点以及不同的布局对工作效率的影响等。故C选项“工作环境及其影响”符合文章主旨大意。故选C。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Meanwhile,employeestendtobenervouswhentheyhaveconversationswiththeirmanagersinanobviouslyhierarchicalenvironment.Incontrast,alandscapeofficemakes