《中考复习新导引英语》课件专题6 代词

专题6中考新导引复习讲义代词代词英语中用来代替名词、数词或上下文的词、句等的词称为代词。代词可分为指示代词、相互代词、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词。疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词将在句法讲解中加以阐述。1指示代词

表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。例如：Is

this

yourpencil?That

dictionaryisHelen’s.These

yellowsocksareonsale.Those

aremyparents.

另外，that和those常用来代表前面提到过的同类事物。例如：ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofAmerica.ThegirlsinClass4aremoreactivethanthoseinClass3.2相互代词oneanother与eachother由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法差不多。例如：Wemusttrusteachotherandhelponeanother.相互代词在必要时可以加’s,表示所属关系。例如：Theycareforeachother’swork.3人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

数类别单数复数人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人称代词宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves(1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分，作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。例如：

Isentherane-mailyesterday,butshehasn’tansweredmeyet.3(2)人称代词

it有许多特殊用法，现归纳如下：①代替上文提到的事物Where’smypen?Ican’tfindit.②代替事件、情况You’vesavedmylife.Ishallneverforgetit.Jackwasill.Haveyouheardaboutit?③代替婴儿和未知的人Hernewbabyistiny.Itonlyweighs2kilos.④泛指某件事Howisitgoingwithyou?Itdoesn’tmatter.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词3⑤代替this或that–Whatisthis/that?–It’sapencil.⑥表示“是谁（在某处或做某事）”–IsthatTomoverthere?–No,it’sPeter.It’syourmotheronthephone.⑦表示时间、日期等–Whattimeisit?–It’sseveno’clock.–What’sthedate?–It’sApril10th.⑧表示天气、环境等It’sraining.It’ssonoisyinthisroom.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词3⑨表示地点或距离Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?作形式主语Ittakesusaboutanhourtowalkaroundthelake.It’snousestudyingforanexamatthelastminute.⑪作形式宾语Youhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohavethedog.⑫用于某些固定结构中Itseemsthat…Itisreported/believed/said/well-knownthat…人称代词、物主代词和反身代词3(3)物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性和名词性物主代词。形容性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词之前作定语。例如：myname,yourbirthday,theirparents形容词性物主代词还可和own连用，在句中可用作：①作定语Ihopetohavemyowngarden.②作表语、宾语It’sherfriend’scar,notherown.Theirviewsaresimilartoourown.③和of连用Wehavenochildrenofourown.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词3人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词前,在句中可用作表语、主语、宾语等。例如：Thisumbrellaisyoursandthatoneishers.(表语)Thisisn’tmyschoolbag.Mineisblue.（主语）Ilikeyoursbetterthanours.(宾语)

名词性物主代词可和of连用。例如：Anoldfriendofminehasjusthadachild.3(4)表示反射或强调的代词叫反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格形式，在词尾加-self或-selves构成。反身代词可译为“本人”、“本身”，用于加强语气，也常译为“亲自”“自己”。反身代词在句中可作表语、宾语、主语同位语或宾语的同位语。例如：Justbeyourself.(表语)Takegoodcareofyourself.(宾语)Mrs.Blackherselfisanengineer.(主语同位语)Youhadbetteraskthedriverhimself.(宾语同位语)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词4不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词可分作两类：由body,one,thing构成的复合不定代词：somebodyanybodyeverybodynobodysomeoneanyoneeveryonenoonesomethinganythingeverythingnothing兼作代词和形容词的词：allanotheranybotheacheitherfewlittlemanymuchneithernoneotheronesome此外，还有every和no,只能作形容词，不能作代词。4不定代词不定代词的主要用法介绍如下：(1)some,any,no的用法some和any都可表示“一些”，既可代替或修饰可数名词复数，也可代替或修饰不可数名词，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句。例如：SomeofthemcanspeakEnglish.(主语)Idon’tneedanyofthetools.(宾语)Isthereanywaterinthebottle?(定语)但是，在表示请求、建议等疑问句中，常用some。例如：Willyoukindlygivemesomepaper?Wouldyoulikesometea?Whydidn’tyoubuysomesweets?4不定代词any在否定句，表示的是“全否定”概念，如果表示“部分否定”概念时，则用some。例如：Ican’tpronouncesomeofthewords.(我不会读部分单词)Ican’tpronounceanyofthewords.(我所有单词都不会读)any还可表示“任何（一个）”，可用于肯定句中。例如：Thequestionissoeasythatanystudentcananswerit.在条件状语从句中，既可用some,也可any。例如：Ifyouhavesome/anyquestions,pleaseputupyourhands.no表示“没有”，等于notany/a,只作定语。例如：Nomanisbornwise.没有人生来是聪明的。(谚)Hehasnobrothersandnosisters.4不定代词(2)复合不定代词

some-,any-,every-,no-可以与-one,-body,-thing构成复合不定代词：someone/somebody某人something某事物anyone/anybody某人；任何人

anything某事物，任何事物nobody/noone(no和one分开写)无人nothing无物everyone/everybody每人；人人；所有人everything每件事物；一切事物复合不定代词有三大特点：①作主语时，都作单数看待，其谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Well,everyonewantstowin.②若有定语修饰，该定语要置于后面。例如：Didyoudoanythinginterestingonyourvacation?③不接of。例如：Everyoneofusisinterestedinthegame.×Everyoneofusisinterestedinthegame.√4不定代词复合不定代词some-与any-的用法区别如同some与any的区别。例如：Ineedsomeonetohelpmewithmywork.Iwilltellyousomethingofmyownexperience.Didanyoneeverhearofsuchathing?Wecouldn’tseeanythingbelow.IsthereanythingIcando?Ididn’tknowanybodyattheparty.CouldIhavesomethingtodrink?(something表示请求，可用于疑问句)Whydon’tasksomeonetohelpyou?(someone表示建议，可用于疑问句)Anythingisbetterthannothing.(anything表示“任何事物”，可用于肯定句)Anybodywhowantstocomecanjoinus.(anybody表示“任何人”，可用于肯定句)4不定代词any-与every-均可以用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中。为了更好地掌握两者的区别，让我们通过下面的例句来进行比较:Thejobiseasy.Anyonecandoit.(任何一个人都能做)Thejobiseasy.Everyonecandoit.(所有人都能做)Isanyoneintheroom?(有人在房间吗？)Iseveryoneintheroom?(大家都在房间里吗？)Moneyisn’tanything.(金钱什么也不是。全否定。)Moneyisn’teverything.(金钱不是一切。部分否定。)nothing等同于notanything,nobody等同于notanybody。例如：Sheatenothingforbreakfast.=Shedidn’teatanythingforbreakfast.Thereisnobodyintheroom.=Thereisnotanybodyintheroom.4不定代词(3)both,either,neither,all,none,no这些不定代词的中文意思容易混淆，要记住它们的意思：all体；全部（指三者或三者以上）none没人或物（指三者或三者以上）

no无both两个（都）neither没人或物（指两个当中）either任何一个；两个当中的一个both,either,neither,all在句中主要用作主语、宾语和定语：①主语both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；either,neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。all作主语时，若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；若指代可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Both(ofthetwins)are

abletodancewell.

Either(ofthetwoboys)likestabletennis.Neither(ofthetwogirls)wasatschoolyesterday.All(ofthefood)isdelicious.

All(ofus)havepassedtheexam.4不定代词②宾语Iagreewithbothofyou.Youmaytakeeitherofthepens.Thereisaroomforallofus.③定语作定语时，both接复数名词；either,neither接单数名词；all接复数名词或不可数名词（all表示“整个”时，也可接可数单数名词，如:allhislife,allday等）。both/all作定语时，可以直接接名词，如：both/allstudents。也可以和the,these,those及形容词性物主代词一起修饰名词，但要把both/all要放在这些词的前面，如：boththeboys,allmyteachers，allthesetoys。例如：Both(the)seatsaretaken.Youmaytakeeitherroad.Neitherbookgivestheanswer.Iwillinviteall(my)teacherstotheparty.All(the)informationwillbesenttoyousoon.4不定代词both/all还可以作主语同位语，这时，要特别注意both/all的位置。例如：both/all放在be动词后。Theyareboth/allstudents.both/all放在行为动词前。Theyboth/alllikeEnglish.当动词有两部分或以上时，both/all要放在第一个动词后。Wehaveallfinishedourwork.

Theycanbothdancewell.both/all也可作宾语同位语。例如：Theteacherlovesusboth/all.4不定代词注意：either还可作副词,意思是“也”，常用于否定句中,放在句末。neither也可作副词,意思是“也不”。例如：Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.=Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandIdidn’t,either.

both…and….（既…..又……），either….or….(或者……或者……),neither…nor…(既不……也不…..),是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如：Ilikebothbasketballandvolleyball.Intheevening,IeitherwatchTVorplaycomputergames.Neithermedicinenorrestcanhelphim.4不定代词当either…or…,neither..nor…,notonly…butalso…(不仅……而且……)连接主语时，谓语的单复数由后面的主语决定；当both…and…连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：EitherheorIamwrong.NeitherhenorIamwrong.NotonlyhebutalsoIamwrong.BothheandIarewrong.none在句中不能作定语，只能作主语、宾语，而no只能作定语(前面已讲述)。例如：Noneoftheworkwasdone.(none与不可数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数形式。)Noneofmyfriendsevercome/comestoseeme.（none与可数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数、复数形式均可。）Afriendtoallisafriendtonone.滥交者无友。(谚)4不定代词(4)each与everyeach意思是“每个（两者或两者以上）”;every意思是“每个（三者或三者以上）”。each在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语，而every只能作定语。例如：Each(ofthestudents)hasgotsomethingtosayonthissubject.（each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。）Hegaveapresenttoeach(ofthem.).（宾语）Each/Every

studentcandothatkindofwork.（each/every作定语时，均修饰单数名词。）They

eachsingwell.(主语同位语)Givethemtwoappleseach.(宾语同位语)4不定代词(5)another,other,others,theother,theothers

单

数复

数泛指作定语、主语、宾语作定语作主语、宾语anotherotherothers特指theothertheothertheothers注意：表示单数时，another与theother可以作定语，也可以作主语、宾语。例如：Wouldyoulikeanother(apple)？Thepictureisnicerthantheother(picture)？Ihavethreepens.Oneisred,another(pen)isgreenandtheother(pen)isyellow.4不定代词注意：another还可以表示“再…,又…”,可以接单数或复数名词。例如：Haveanothercupofcoffee,please.Shewillstayhereforanothertwodays.表示复数时，others=other+复数名词；theothers=theother+复数名词。例如：Inourclass,twentystudentsareboys,theothers(=theotherstudents)aregirls.Others(=Otherpeople)maynotthinkso.Heistallerthantheotherstudents(=theothers)inhisclass.anyother表示“任何其它一个”时，可接单数名词。例如：Thereisn’taDragonBoatFestivalintheUS,soit’slikeanyothernightforZhuHuiandhishostfamily.4不定代词(6)many,much,few,afew,little,alittlemany/much都表示“许多”，但many用于代替或修饰修饰可数名词,much用于代替或修饰不可数名词。afew/alittle“有一些，有几个（肯定）”，afew用于代替或修饰可数名词复数,alittle

用于代替或修饰不可数名词。few/little“没多少，很少（否定）”，few用于代替或修饰可数名词复数,little

用于代替或修饰不可数名词。例如：Manyofthemistakeswerejustcareless.Doyoutakemuchinterestinit?CouldIhaveafewwordswithyou?Fewwordsarebest.少说为妙。(谚)Hurryup!Thereislittletimetogo.Istillhavealittlemoneyleft.当few受every,last,past,next,some,very等修饰时，表示肯定意义，few之前不再加冠词。例如：Hegoestoseehisgrandparentseveryfewweeks.4不定代词(7)oneone可以作定语，表示“一个”，“唯一的”，“同一的”。例如：Thejourneytakesonehour.Heistheonemanwhocandoit.Thebirdsflewawayinonedirection.one可以用作主语、宾语和表语，表示“一个（人）”：Oneofthethreeboyswasinvitedtotheparty.(主语）I’llhaveoneoftheseapples.(宾语）Perhapsyou’reoneoftheluckiestones.(表语）one可以用来泛指一般人。例如：Oneshoulddohisbestforthepeople.4不定代词one还可来前面提到的人或物。如果用来代替复数的人或物，则用ones。例如：Twoboyswereplayingandthefatonehitthethinone.ThefilmisnotasgoodastheoneIsaidlastnight.Givemeapples.Iwantthebigones.one是指前文所提过的事物的那一种、类（不是特定），it是指前文所提过的事物的本身（特定）。例如：Wheredidyoubuytheknife?Iwanttobuyone.Iknowyouhaveaknife.Lendittome.用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空。精练111.—Excuse__________.Isthis__________watch?—No,itisn’tmine.__________watchisbrown,butthisoneisred.2.—Arethesekeys__________,Sam?—Yes,theyare__________.Thankyou.3.—Wheredidyoubuy__________watch?—Ibought____________inShanghai.4.—Isthisyourschoolbag?—No,__________isn’t.It’sMary’s.__________can’tfind__________schoolbag.meyourMyyoursmineyourit/mineitSheher用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空。精练115.—ArethoseJohn’sbooks?—Yes,theyare__________books.Andthedictionaryis__________,too.6.—AreyouandLilyfromthesamecountry?—Yes,__________are.__________countryissmallerthanyours.7.—Isthatournewclassroom?—Yes,it’s__________.Let__________gotohavealooknow.8.—IsthisSally’sbike?—No,itisn’t.__________isnew,butthisoneisold.hishisweOuroursusHers用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空。精练119.Todaywehavetwonewstudents.__________namesareLucyandLily.__________arefromtheUSA.Wealllike__________.10.__________isabout30kilometersformmyhometoschool.And__________takesmeabouthalfanhourtogotherebybus.TheirTheythemItit用所给代词的适当形式填空。精练121.Allof__________(we)likeEnglish.2.Theteachertellsthestudentstodotheworkby______________(they).3.Imetafriendof__________(I)whenIwastraveling.4.Theyoungboycan’tdress__________(he).5.Thisdictionarybelongsto__________(she).6.__________(we)classroomisbiggerthan__________（they）.usthemselvesminehimselfherOurtheirs用所给代词的适当形式填空。精练127.Weallenjoyed__________(we)attheparty.8.ShelearnsFrench__________(she).Noonehelpsher.9.Somepeoplecamebycar,_________(other)cameonfoot.10.Theywereholding______________(eachother)hand.11.Theboyhopestohave__________(he)owncar.12.Thecomputershutdown__________(it).ourselvesherselfotherseachother’shisitself选择正确的单词或词组填空。精练131.Ihaven’tgotapen.Couldyoulendme________(one,it)?2.Isthere__________(some,any)leftinthefridge?3.Hedidn’tmake__________(many,much)mistakes.4.Lotsofflowersareputon__________(both,each)sidesofthestreet.5.Sheknowseach__________(student,students)oftheclass.6.Allhope__________(has,have)gone.7.Canyousee____________________(anythingspecial,specialanything)inthepicture?oneanymanybothstudenthasanythingspecial选择正确的单词或词组填空。精练138.Everyone__________(was,were)gladtoseethelostwomanagain.9.__________(None,No)friendscamelatetomyparty.10.She’sgoingtohaveanother__________(baby,babies)11.Ifind__________(that,it)toohardformetolearnsciencewell.12.Eitherofthe__________(boy,boys)__________(was,were)busypreparingforthefinalexams.wasNobabyitboyswas选择正确的单词或词组填空。精练1313.Ihavereadevery__________(book,books)ontheshelf.14.Youcanchooseeither_______________(dictionary,dictionaries).They____________(areboth,bothare)useful.15.Neitherofthe__________(coat,coats)__________(fit,fits)me.16.__________(Each,Every)ofthehouses__________(are,is)paintedadifferentcolor.bookdictionaryarebothcoatsfitEachis选择方框中的单词填空，每词限用一次。精练141.—Didyoubuy_______________intheclothesmarket?—No,Ididn’t.______________wastooexpensive.2.—Ithink_____________iswrongwithmycomputer.—Letmesee.Oh,thereis____________wrongwithit.Youjustforgottoturnonthepower.3.—Listen.______________issinginginthenextroom.Whoisit?—ItmaybeTom.4.—Didyougotothemountainwith_____________?—No,Iwenttherealone.5.—Did______________cometoschoolyesterday?—Yes,wewereallatschool.______________wasabsent.anythingsomeone,anybodyeveryone,noone,something,anything,nothing,everythingEverythingsomethingnothingSomeoneanybodyeveryoneNoone选择填空。精练15（）1.—Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?—__________.Justsomewater,please.A.All

B.BothC.Either

D.Neither（）2.––Whichmagazinedoyoulikebetter,CrazyReadingorTeens’Space?––Ilike__________ofthem.TheyareusefulforEnglishlearners.A.none

B.neitherC.all D.both（）3.—Whenshallwegotothepark,thismorningorthisafternoon?—__________isOK.I’mfreetoday.A.Both