Training and Practicing in English Public Speaking 英语演讲技巧与实训智慧树知到期末考试答案2024年

Training

and

Practicing

in

English

Public

Speaking

英语演讲技巧与实训智慧树知到期末考试答案2024年Training

and

Practicing

in

English

Public

Speaking

英语演讲技巧与实训Ittakeslongtimeofpracticetoimprovethepronunciation.Whatisthefirststeptomakechange?

A:Idon'tknowB:ClosingyourmouthC:OpeningyourmouthD:Smiling答案:OpeningyourmouthWhatisthemosteffectivewaytocheckyourspeed?

A:Listeningtootherpeople’scommentsonyourspeedB:RecordingyourselfC:SpeakingreallyfasteverydayD:Speakingreallyslowlyeveryday答案:RecordingyourselfWhatisthefirststepofgroupdiscussion?

A:DefiningtheProblemB:SuggestingPossibleSolutionsC:AnalyzingtheProblemD:EstablishingCriteriaforaWorkableSolution答案:DefiningtheProblemWhichofthefollowingmannerisnottherightmannerofaneffectivespeech?

A:UsingyourvoiceandbodytoattracttheaudienceB:TwistingyourbodyinadramaticwayC:StaringatyourfeetD:Changeyouremotion答案:TwistingyourbodyinadramaticwayHowmanytoolswecouldusetocommunicateeffectively?

A:5B:4C:7D:6答案:6Whichofthefollowingspeechbelongstoinformativespeech?

A:Someoneisaskinghis/herprofessortoextendthedeadlineofapaperB:SomeoneispresentingapaperataconferenceC:SomeoneisrecommendinganewbooktosomeoneelseD:Someoneisspeakingonawedding答案:SomeoneispresentingapaperataconferenceWhatisthepurposeofopeningourmouthaswideaspossibleandtwistingourteeth?

A:TopronouncevowelsclearlyandcorrectlyB:

ToshowothersourmouthsC:TobreathD:Tolaugh答案:Topronouncevowelsclearlyandcorrectly

Whatpracticecouldmakeyourvoicemorepowerfulandhelpsyouloseweight?

A:ListeningPracticeB:HummingPracticeC:Idon'tknowD:BreathingPractice答案:HummingPracticeWhatisthepurposeofsmilingwhenyouarepresentingaspeech?

A:TomakethespeechboringB:TobringyouraudiencecloserandshowyourconfidenceC:TomakeyoubeautifulD:Tomakethespeechfunny答案:TobringyouraudiencecloserandshowyourconfidenceWhatisthefirststepofbreathpracticing?

A:UsingyourdiaphragmtohelpbreatheB:BreathingindeeplyC:PuttingyourpalmsonyourribcagebelowyourchestD:Breathingoutslowly答案:PuttingyourpalmsonyourribcagebelowyourchestWhichofthefollowingsituationcan’tyouusepersuasivespeechskills?

A:Youwishtoshowyourfriendsthatdrinkingisnotanintelligentwaytohaveagoodtime.B:Youwanttoconvinceyourteacherthatmoretimeisneededtocompleteaclassproject.C:Youareexplainingthestepstodothisdish.D:Youwishtoconvinceyourparentsthatyoushouldbeabletoattendalocalconcert.答案:Youareexplainingthestepstodothisdish.whatistherightfunctionofpublicspeaking?

A:ManipulateothersB:TocatchyouraudiencesC:SaysomethinginmoreinterestingandsmarterwayD:Improveyourcommunicationskills答案:Manipulateothers“Howmanyofyouareeatingsomethingwhilewatchingmyclass?”,whichkindofquestiondoesitbelongto?

A:YesornoquestionB:SurveyC:YesornoquestionsD:Rhetoricalquestions答案:SurveyWhatwecoulddoforthetrainingofspeaking?

A:SittingwhilerehearsingB:SpeakinginalowvoiceC:RecordingyourselfandneverwatchyourvideosD:Stimulatingtherealpracticeenvironment答案:StimulatingtherealpracticeenvironmentWhichofthefollowingtipdoesnothelptomakeaneyecontact?

A:LookingateachpersonforanumberofsecondsB:MakingeyecontactwiththingsC:SweepingyoureyesaroundnaturallyD:Makingeyecontactwithpeopleatthefarsidesoftheaudience答案:MakingeyecontactwiththingsWeshouldbereallycarefulwhenweusecommonknowledge.

A:对B:错答案:对There’snoneedtoevaluateonlineresources.

A:错B:对答案:错Youdothe“Chop”gesturewhenyouareverypersuasiveandwhenyouconveyanimportantfactthatyouareverysureof.

A:对B:错答案:对Yourconclusionshouldbringsomefinalitytoyourspeech,andleavethemwithspaceforimaginationandthinking.

A:对B:错答案:对Inasentence,emphasizenouns,verbs,adjectives,andsomeadverbs,proverbsandconjunctions.

A:错B:对答案:错Listeningisonlyanautomaticreactionofthesenseandnervoussystem.

A:对B:错答案:错Ifyoucanspeakreallyfastwithfewpauses,thismeansyoucanspeakreallyfluently.

A:对B:错答案:错Ifyourlistenerslaughatyouropeningjokeorpayattentiontoyourpersonalinstance,theywillcontinuetolisten.

A:错B:对答案:错Thekeyofpublicspeakingisallaboutrememberingthespeakerhim/herself.

A:错B:对答案:错Amongthe6majorelementsinpublicspeaking,thespeakeristhemostimportantone.

A:错B:对答案:错Agoodspeakeristhespeakerwhocankeepontalking

A:错B:对答案:错Ourmindsandmouthsworkatdifferentrates,wecanspeakandprocesstheinformationatthesametime.

A:错B:对答案:错Inthevocalprocess,itisspecificallyourbreathingsystemthatprovidesthepowerforvoiceproduction.

A:错B:对答案:对Wedon’thavetomakeourspeecheasyandinterestingaslongasitismeaningful.

A:对B:错答案:错Yourspeechesarenotisolatedislands,butawebofconnection.

A:对B:错答案:对Tomakeourlanguagemorepicturesque,youmayuserhetoricaldevicessuchasmetaphor,analogy,hyperbole,personification…

A:对B:错答案:对Investigationshowsthatwespend60%ofourtimeinlistening,butwecanonlyremember25%.

A:错B:对答案:对Youcanhelpyouraudienceremember

yourspeech

bymakingyourspeechasdifficult

aspossible.

A:错B:对答案:错Fluencyisequaltonopauses.

A:错B:对答案:错Noteveryoneneedstobethegroupleader,buteveryonedoeshaveanimportantroleindiscussion.

A:对B:错答案:对Thinkingaboutideasistotallythesameofputtingthemdownonpaper.

A:错B:对答案:错ThevowelsandconsonantsofEnglishandChinesearecorresponding,soyoucanusethepronouncinghabitofyourmothertonguewhenyouarespeakingEnglish.

A:对B:错答案:错Duringyourspeech,youcanturnoffthelightforbetterprojectingeffects.

A:错B:对答案:错Therightorderofthe6stagesoflisteningisreceive,comprehend,evaluate,respond,interpretandremember.

A:错B:对答案:错Wecanuse“show”gestureto“picturize”ourcontent.

A:对B:错答案:对Groups’decisionsmakeusmorecooperative,morereasonable,andmoreintelligent.

A:错B:对答案:对Effectivelistenersplayanactiverolebyguidingthespeakertowardcommoninterests.

A:错B:对答案:对UsingthepronouncinghabitofyourmothertonguewhenyouarespeakingEnglish.

A:错B:对答案:错Wemustavoidconflictswhenhavingagroupdiscussion.

A:错B:对答案:错Weshouldtryourbesttoremainobjectivewhilelisteninganddonotinterruptwhileotherpeoplearespeaking.

A:对B:错答案:对Thereare4pointstohelpyoudoagreatjobinopeningofaspeech.

A:错B:对答案:对Weshouldemphasizepronounsandconjunctionswhengivingaspeech.

A:对B:错答案:错Whatcanwedotomakeagoodconclusion?

A:TellingastoryofourownB:SimplyrepeatthebeginningpartofthespeechC:OfferaUtopianvisionD:Askouraudienceaquestion.答案:Askouraudienceaquestion###OfferaUtopianvision###TellingastoryofourownWhatshouldyoudotomakeasincereeyecontact?

A:Sweepeyesnaturally.B:Lookateachpersonforanumberofseconds.C:Makeeyecontactwithpeopleatthefarsidesoftheaudienceandpeopleinthecorner.D:Make“eyecontact”withwallswhenyouarenervous.答案:Sweepeyesnaturally###Lookateachpersonforanumberofseconds###MakeeyecontactwithpeopleatthefarsidesoftheaudienceandpeopleinthecornerWhichofthefollowingstatementofthereasonwhyweneedtowriteanoutlineisture?

A:AnoutlineservesasamapofthepresentationB:AnoutlinehelpsyourspendmoretimeinadjustingyourstructureandmakeyourspeechmorecoherentC:AnoutlinemakesgettingsuggestionsfromothersmucheasierD:Anoutlinemakesitdifficulttotellwhereextraresearchandsupportingmaterialsareneeded答案:Anoutlineservesasamapofthepresentation###AnoutlinemakesgettingsuggestionsfromothersmucheasierWhatdoesagoodcontentinclude?

A:VividlanguageandgoodlogicB:ComplicatedlanguageC:Well-organizedstructureD:Interestingtopic答案:Interestingtopic###Vividlanguageandgoodlogic###Well-organizedstructureWhichofthefollowingspeechisnotaceremonialspeech?

A:

AcommencementaddressB:AeulogyC:Anafter-dinnerspeechD:Acommemorativespeech答案:AI参考:正确答案是A:Acommencementaddress。\n这是一篇毕业典礼上的演讲，不是正式场合的演讲，因此不是一种正式的仪式性演讲。其他选项如悼词（B）、餐后演讲（C）和纪念性演讲（D）都是在正式场合的仪式性演讲。因此，答案为A。'SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen‘svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman‘ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen‘sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558—1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames‘consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen‘slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen‘smatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian‘simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul‘sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife‘ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen‘sspiritualequality:―ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.‖SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofaccrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands‘absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640-60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

答案:AI参考:【】根据文章内容，下面说法不正确的一项是（）。\n\nA.在17世纪初期，男性至上、性别等级制度和神权政治专制的理念被加强了\n\nB.英国的王权制度中的绝对权力表现在社会生活中的方方面面\n\nC.有些女性团体提供了一些抗衡男性文化现象的砝码\n\nD.17世纪的一些女性拥有良好的教育背景，并且有更大的想象空间去想象女性的生活\n\n正确答案是：B.英国的王权制度中的绝对权力表现在社会生活中的方方面面。\nB项表述错误，根据原文“theabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily”可知，文中只提到神权政治专制的理念被加强了，并没有提到英国的王权制度中的绝对权力表现在社会生活中的方方面面。ACD三项表述正确，故选B。'PresidentClinton‘sdecisiononApr.8tosendChinesePremierZhuRongjipackingwithoutanagreementonChina‘sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationseemedtobeamassivemiscalculation.ThePresidenttookadrubbingfrommuchofthepress,whichhadbreathlesslyreportedthatadealwasinthebag.TheCabinetandWhitHousestillappeareddivided,andbusinessleaderswerecharacterizedasfuriousoverthelostopportunity.ZhuchargedthatClintonlacked―thecourage‖toreachanaccord.AndwhenClintonlatertelephonedtheangryZhutopledgearenewedeffortatnegotiations,thegesturewaswidelyportrayedasaflip-flop.Infact,ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal.Alotmorehorsetradingisneededbeforeafinalagreementcanbereached.AndwithouttheAdministration‘sgoalofa―bullet-proofagreement‖thatbusinesslobbyistscanenthusiasticallyselltoaRepublicanCongress,thewholeprocesswillendupinpartisanacrimonythatcouldharmrelationswithChinaforyears.THEHARDPART.Manybusinesslobbyists,whiledisappointedthatthedealwasnotclosed,agreethatbettertermscanstillbehad.AndTreasurySecretaryRobertE.Rubin,NationalEconomicCouncilDirectorGeneB.Sperling,CommerceSecretaryWilliamM.Daley,andtoptradenegotiatorCharleneBarshefskyalladvisedClintonthatwhiletheChinesehadmadearemarkablenumberofconcessions,―we‘renotthereyet,‖accordingtoseniorofficials.NegotiatingwithZhuovertheremainingissuesmaybetheeasypart.AlthoughClintoncansignalU.S.approvalforChina‘sentryintotheWTOhimself,heneedsCongresstograntBeijingpermanentmost-favored-nationstatusaspartofabroadtradeaccord.AndthetemptationformeddlingonCapitalHillmayproveover-whelming.ZhuhadbarelylandedbeforeSenateMajorityLeaderTrentLott(R-Miss)declaredhimselfskepticalthatChinadeservedentryintotheWTO.AndSenatorsJesseA.Helms(R-N.C.)andEmestF.Hollings(D-S.C.)promisedtointroduceabillrequiringcongressionalapprovalofanydeal.Thehiddenmessagefromthesethreetextile-stateSoutherners:GetmoreprotectionfortheU.S.clothingindustry.Hopingtosmooththeway,theAdministrationtried,butfailed,tobudgeZhuontextiles.Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,andDetroit.ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon―cultural‖restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing.BIGJOB.Already,businesslobbyistsareblanketingCapitolHilltopresaleanyeventualagreement,butwhatthey‘veheardsofarisn‘tencouraging.Republicans,includingLott,saythat―thetimejustisn‘tright‖forthedeal.Translation:We‘redeterminedtomakeitlookasifClintonhascapitulatedtotheChineseandisignoringhuman,religious,andlaborrightsviolations;thetheftofnuclear-weaponstechnology;andthesaleofmissilepartstoAmerica‘senemies.Beijing‘sfiercecriticswithintheDemocraticParty,suchasSenatorPaulD.WellstoneofMinnesotaandHouseMinorityleaderRichardA.GephardtofMissouri,won‘thelp,either.JusthowtoughthelobbyingjobonCapitolHillwillbebecomeclearonApr.20,whenRubinlectured19chiefexecutivesontheneedtodisciplinetheirRepublicanallies.WithbusinessandtheWhiteHousestilltradingchargesoverwhoisresponsibleforthedefeatoffast-tracktradenegotiatinglegislationin1997,workingtogetherwon‘tbeeasy.AndRepublicans—withawink—saythatthey‘lleventuallyembraceChina‘sentryintotheWTOasafavortoCorporateAmerica.ThoughnotlongbeforetheytortureClinton.ButZhuisoutonalimb,andifCongressoverdoesthecriticism,hemaybeforcedbydomesticcriticstorenege.BusinessmustmakethismuchdeartobothitsGOPalliesandtheWhitHouse:Thishistoricdealistooimportanttorisklosingtoanymorepartisansquabbling

答案:AI参考:根据这段文字，可以得出以下结论：\n\n*总统克林顿在争取更好的WTO协议方面的决定是正确的，因为需要更多的交易才能达成最终协议。\n*如果没有政府的“防弹协议”目标，整个过程可能会演变成党派之间的争吵，这可能会损害与中国的关系。\n*在谈判剩余问题上，与朱镕基进行谈判可能是容易的部分。然而，克林顿需要国会授予中国永久最惠国地位，作为广泛贸易协定的组成部分。\n*在国会山，干涉的诱惑可能会很强烈。\n*这项历史性的协议对商业和白宫来说非常重要，不能因为党派之间的争吵而失去。\n*商业游说者正在国会山进行游说，但到目前为止，他们听到的信息并不令人鼓舞。\n*包括Lott在内的共和党人表示，现在不是达成协议的时机。这意味着他们决心让人们认为克林顿屈从于中国，忽视人权、宗教和劳工权利的侵犯，以及核武器技术的盗窃和向敌对国家出售导弹部件的行为。\n*对于商业和白宫来说，这项历史性的协议至关重要，不能因为更多的党派争吵而失去。\n\n因此，这段文字表明，为了达成一项对各方都至关重要的协议，需要所有利益相关方的合作和妥协。'TEXTB<br>SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModemEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe17<SUP>th</SUP>century,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.<br>Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558～1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17<SUP>th</SUP>century,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities-mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen’smatureandrole.<br>Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:"ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist."SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.<br>Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17<SUP>th</SUP>centuryexercisedagooddealofaccrualpower:asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhoapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640～1660)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.<br>WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture

答案:Shedidlittle.TEXTB<br>SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModemEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningofthe17<SUP>th</SUP>century,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.<br>Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558～1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17<SUP>th</SUP>century,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities-mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenoppositionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen’smatureandrole.<br>Mostimportant,perhaps