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课下天天练(六)阅读语言运用组合练姓名________班级________考号________时间:45分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2022·长春市高三模拟]ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonievanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1,600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethis_legacy.Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ithoughtitwasmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificmunitymightbeinformed.”1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B.Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneeringstudiesofmicrobes.C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.2.Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inParagraph3refersto________.A.thediscoveryofmicrobesB.Pasteur'stheoryofdiseaseC.Leeuwenhoek'scontributionD.theoriginofthetinyorganism3.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.4.Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b.The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwater.d.Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A.adceb.B.daceb.C.acdbe.D.daebc.B[2022·唐山市二模]A293millionmilejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探测器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapictureperfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecarsized,sixwheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet'sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth's—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy's12,000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”.Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itsplexmapreadingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy'sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof,”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe'lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewellequippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(样本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5.WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A.Thespeedreduction.B.Theatmosphereanalysis.C.Thelocationsearch.D.Thetimemanagement.6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B.Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C.Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”.D.Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.7.Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A.Thespot.B.Thearea.C.Thesystem.D.Thesurface.8.WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?A.Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B.Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C.ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D.SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.七选五[2022·烟台市诊断性测试]EarthHourisorganizedbytheWorldWideFundforNature.It'sabigeventusuallyattheendofMarcheveryyear.Onthisevening,people“godark”.[1]It'struethatturningofflightsforjustonehoursavesonlyasmallamountofpower.[2]Ononelevel,joininginEarthHourmakespeoplethinkabouttheproblemofclimatechangeandwhatwecandoineverydaylifetoprotectnature.Butonanotherlevel,alargenumberofpeople'sactingtogethersendsapowerfulmessagetogovernmentsandpanies.[3]Theybeginconsideringgreenissueswhenmakingbigdecisions.Thelogo(标识)ofEarthHouris“60+”.Thenumber60isforthe60minutesofEarthHour.[4]Infact,peoplewhojoininEarthHoursaythattakingpartmakesthemwanttodomorefortheenvironment.[5]Musiciansgiveconcertsbyplayingacoustic(原声的)instrumentsinsteadofelectricones,andusingcandlesinsteadofelectriclights.Celebritychefshavecreatedspecialrecipesforfamiliestoprepareandeatbycandlelight.Treeplantingsessions,groupwalksandrunsarealsoamongtheoptions.A.Butthisisonlythebeginning.B.EarthHourrepresentseveryhourofeveryday.C.Afterall,everyonehastoanswerforwhattheyhavedone.D.Besidesturningoffthelights,peoplegetinvolvedinotherevents.E.Itpushesthemtotakeurgentmeasuresbymakingchangestopolicies.F.Thatis,theyswitchoffallunnecessarylightsatthesametimeforonehour.G.TheplusinvitespeopletocontinuetheiractionevenafterEarthHourisfinished.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·南京市高三模拟考试]FatimagrewupinruralGhorProvince,wheretherewasnoschoolingavailabletogirls.Butsheinsistedonlisteningtoradio,whichshecould[1]whenhighenoughinthehills.“Mysisterswereforcedtogetmarried.IdecidedthatIwouldnotcontinueintheir[2].ThatwaswhyIdecidedto[3],”Fatimasays.Shejoinedsocialmediagroupsforhistoryfans.[4]ofpeoplewhoonlyrelatedAfghanistantoconflicts,Fatimastartedwriting[5]aboutplacesthatforeignersmightnotknowabout.Fatimastartedgetting[6]fromonlinefriends.Amanreachedouttohersayinghewasgoingto[7]inAfghanistanandaskingwhethershewasinterestedinshowinghimaroundinHerat.Shesaidyes.Later,heremendedhertosomeoneelseand[8]Fatimacametotheattentionofatravelagency.Thepany[9]herinlate2020,andshebecamehercountry'sfirstfemale[10]tourguide.Ofcourse,beinga[11]isnevereasy.Fatimasaysmanypeoplehavetoldherthatit'stoodangerousforawomantowork,especiallyifitmeans[12]withmenoneonone.Fatimasaysthatthe[13]ofheremployersandthepeopleshehasmetthroughgivingtoursiswhatkeepsher[14].There'salsotheimplication(暗示)ofwhatcouldhappenifshedoes[15].“IfIgiveup,thenotherwomenwillneverstart.”1.A.takeupB.pickupC.turnupD.buildup2.A.traditionB.choiceC.lifeD.business3.A.workB.liveC.studyD.travel4.A.AfraidB.ConvincedC.CertainD.Tired5.A.postsB.lettersC.novelsD.speeches6.A.responsesB.donationC.lessonsD.guidance7.A.teachB.setC.travelD.serve8.A.similarlyB.obviouslyC.hopefullyD.eventually9.A.promotedB.instructedC.hiredD.trained10.A.intelligentB.devotedC.efficientD.professional11.A.researcherB.pioneerC.specialistD.celebrity12.A.playingB.interactingC.exploringD.cooperating13.A.supportB.patienceC.protectionD.contribution14.A.refreshedB.recognizedC.informedD.motivated15.A.relaxB.skipC.quitD.insistⅣ.语法填空[2022·海口市调研考试]AfewweeksagoIwasoutwithmyfamilyattheopeningofanewplaygrou
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