2023外研版新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习-Unit 6　Space and beyond

Unit6Spaceandbeyond

五年高考练

i.阅读理解

A

携语境：语篇趟：建议用时：

（2021全国乙,D,共）

Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkabout

often.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,ςςThat,swhyIhavea

membershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfbcus.,,Hiscommentstruckmeas

strange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficeIayOUt（布局）.ButIrecently

cameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsof

creativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevels

inthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.The

differencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsin

the70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffee

shop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggest

thatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsof

backgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevel

ofbackgroundnoise一nottooloudandnottotalsilence一mayactuallyimproveone,screative

thinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinking

justenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof

"distractedfbcus,,appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,we

can,tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers9conversationswhilewe,retryingtofocus.

Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreative

process,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealso

providingfreedomfrominterruptions.

词汇积累

!.randomlyQdU.随机地

2.outperformW.（效益上）超过胜过

!.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.

C.70decibels.D.85decibels.

3.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.

B.Limitedworkingspace.

C-Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.

0.Constantinterruptions.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He,sanewsreporter.

B.He,sanofficemanager.

C.He,saprofessionaldesigner.

D.He,sapublishedwriter.

B

主题语境：语篇类型：建议用时：

（2019课标全国Π,D,*）

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroOrganiSmS（微生物）fromourbodies

growuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhours

cleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem7It,sturningtoa

bunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschool

classrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHigh

SchoolinFaiψort,NewYork.

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwo

years,Gordon,sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythink

they,reclosetoaSOIUtiOn（解决方案）.“Wedon,tgivethestudentsanybreaks.Theyhavetodoit

justlikeNASAengineers,,,saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

“Therearenotests,,,Gordonsays.uThereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,

otherthan4Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoa17,Basically,it,sTVegottoproducethisproductand

then,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.9Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,

and...it,snotaverynicethingattimes.Ifsahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.^^

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact（景乡响）oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallife

skills.ςςThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon,tteach."Andthat

annoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersaboutthe

problem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.

词汇积累

l.abunchof—群

2.presentu.提出提交

5.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?

A.Theyarehardtogetridof.

B.Theyleadtoairpollution.

C.Theyappearindifferentforms.

D.Theydamagetheinstruments.

6.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents9communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

7.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?

A.Checktheirproduct.

B.Guideprojectdesigns.

C.Adjustworkschedules.

D.Gradetheirhomework.

8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts

B.SpacerTheFinalHomeworkFrontier

C-NaturezAnOutdoorClassroom

D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform

II.语法填空

主题语境：语篇类型：建议用时：。

(2020全国I,不)

Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.The

unmannedChang,e-4Probe(探测器)一thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoon

goddess-1(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon,sfar

sideis2(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon,sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunication

withaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot3itcouldsend

signalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular4(interesting)to

scientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepCraterS(环形山),moreso5thefamiliarnearside.Chinese

researchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang,e-46(find)andstudyareasofthe

SouthPole-Aitkenbasin."Thisreallyexcitesscientists,,,CarlePieters,ascientistatBrown

University,says,ςςbecauseit7(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthe

moon8(construct).“Dataaboutthemoon,scomposition,suchashow9iceandother

treasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether10(it)plansforafutureIUnar(月球

的)basearepractical.

词汇积累

1.unmannedMy.无人操作的;无人控制的

2.instrument〃.仪器;乐器;器具;器械

3.composition〃.成分;作品;作文

1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______

6.7.8.9.IO-

答案与分层梯度式解析

Unit6Spaceandbeyond

五年高考练

I.A

◎语篇解读本文为说明文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是乐于学习,善于学习。作者得到启示:开放

的工作环境有时有利于创造性思维。

1.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么采访者更喜欢共同工作空间？根据第一段中采访者的这句话

‘That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.（那就是为什么我在街

对面的共同工作空间有会员——这样我就可以集中注意力了。）”可以推断出他之所以喜欢共同工作空间就

是因为能集中注意力。

2.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:哪种背景噪音水平可能提高创造性思维能力？根据第二段中“however,the

participantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffee

shop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.”和第三E殳第一句"Butsincetheresultsat70decibelswere

significant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence一

mayactuallyimproveone,screativethinkingability.”可知70分贝的背景噪音水平可能对提高创造性思维能力

是有帮助的。

3.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:是什么让开放式办公室不受很多人欢迎？从最后一段第二句"Theproblem

maybethat,inouroffices,wecan,tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers*conversationswhilewe,re

IryingtOfOCUS.”可以推断出彳艮多人不喜欢开放式的办公室卤原因是总在想集中注意力工作时被卷入别人的

谈话中,即总是会时不时被打断。

4.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:关于作者我们能从文章中推断出什么？根据文章第一句"Duringan

interviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewer...”可知作者是一位作家。

长难句

原句Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe

70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantly

outperformedtheothergroups.

分析本句中分号连接两个分句,在第二个分句句首出现了表示转折的副词。在第二个分句中,两个破折号中

间的部分对前面的“theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup”进行补充说明。

译文大多数小组之间的差异没有统计意义;然而,70分贝组的参与者——那些置身于噪音水平类似于咖啡

店背景聊天声的人——表现得明显优于其他小组。

B

◎语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。美国国家航空航天局创办

了一个名为HUNCH的项目,一群高中生在项目中研究如何杀死国际空间站的细菌。本文侧重培养学生的思

维品质。

5.A推理判断题。本题题干意为我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些?根据题干中的关键词bacteriain

theInternationalSpaceStation可定位至第一E殳。根据第一段中“Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.

ThemicroorganismsfromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,so

astronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachWeek可知,国际空间站的细菌非常难处理,所以选择A项。B:它

们导致空气污染;C:它们以不同的形式出现;D:它们毁坏仪器。

6.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:HUNCH项目的目的是什么?第二段第一句"HUNCHisdesignedtoconnect

highschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.（HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一

起。）”中的highschoolclassrooms与D选项中的schooleducation（学校教育）对应,NASAengineers与D选项

中的spacetechnoIogy（空间技术）对应,故选DoA:为了加强师生关系;B:为了提升学生的交流技能;C:为了让

学生体验失重。

7.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么?根据题干中的NASA

engineersdo可定位至第三段的“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it'snotaverynice

thingattimes,lt,sahardbusinessreviewofyourPrOdUCt”,句中两次出现review（检查,审查）,证明NASA的工程

师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查,所以答案是A项。B才旨导项目设计;C:调整工作时间表;D:

给他们的作业打分。

8.B主旨大意题。本题题干意为:最适合本文的标题是什么?本文主要介绍HUNCH项目,这个项目是有关太

空研究的.而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知,最佳选项是B项（SPaCe:TheFinalHomework

Frontier）,Space对应太空研究,Homework对应高中教育,Frontier（前沿）突出了这个项目的领先性。文章并非

重点介绍NAS