小升初语法专题复习-名词的数（讲义）通用版英语六年级下册

小升初语法专题名词的数（可数&不可数）一、错题回顾二、教学内容：重点、考点： 一、名词的数(一)可数名词：可以以数目来计算，能够分成个体的名词就是可数名词。可数名词又分为单数名词和复数名词。1.单数名词的用法要点：(1)首字母的发音为辅音时，使用不定冠词a，例如：adog,auniform。(2)首字母的发音为元音时，使用不定冠词an，例如：anapple,anhour。【注意】：单数名词前加a或是an，不是取决于该名词的首字母，而是取决于首字母的发音。例如：单词hour的首字母为辅音字母h但是“一个小时”应该是anhour2.复数名词：可数名词由单数变为复数分为规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。单数变复数的规则变化形式：（1）一般情况下，词尾直接加s，例如：单数复数发音snakesnakes清辅音+s读/s/bedbeds浊辅音+s读/z/barbars元音+s读/z/单数复数发音boyboys/z/keykeys/z/toytoys/z/（2）元音字母加y结尾，直接加s，例如：（3）以s,x,sh,ch结尾，加es，例如：单数复数发音busbuses/iz/boxboxes/iz/watchwatches/iz/（4）辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，加es，如：单数复数发音babybabies/iz/ladyladies/iz/flyflies此处ies读/aiz/（5）以f、fe结尾，变f、fe为v，加es，如：单数复数发音knifeknives/vz/leafleaves/vz/wolfwolves/vz/（6）以o结尾，表示人物、动植物的单词，加es，如：单数复数发音potatopotatoes/z/tomatotomatoes/z/heroheroes/z/（7）以o结尾，表示无生命的物体，多数加s，如：单数复数发音photophotos/z/radioradios/z/pianopianos/z/zoozoos/z/kilokilos/z/（二）单数变复数的不规则变化形式：(1)单复数同形(2)改变中间元音(3)改变词尾单数复数单数复数单数复数deerdeergoosegeeseoxoxensheepsheeptoothteethchildchildrenChineseChinesefootfeetmousemiceJapaneseJapanesemanmenfishfishwomanwomen【注意】：roof虽然是以f结尾，但是它的复数是roofs，即直接加s。zero变为复数，后面既可以加s，变为zeros，也可以加es，变为zeroes。giraffe的复数形式有2种，giraffe和giraffes。people也是单复数同形，其复数是people，而peoples是名族在意思。3、be和指示代词的复数：isareamarethisthesethatthoseitthey4、有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的，如：shoes,pants,boots,glasses等。【课堂练习】：一、选择a/an填空。（12分）1.elephant 2.tree 3.hamburger 4.icecream 5.puter 6.orange 7.melon 8.hen 9.eraser 10.oldman 11.Englishteacher 12.redapple二、把下列单词改成复数形式。（15分）1.class 2.bus 3.glass 4.dress5.fox 6.watch 7.peach 8.fish9.wolf 10.knife11.family 12.story13.baby 14.library15.box三、写出下列各词的单数形式。（12分）1.potatoes 2.bridges 3.ladies 4.our5.are 6.they 7.sheep 8.men9.feet 10.dishes 11.shelves 12.houses四、把下列句子变成复数形式。（10分）1、Whatisthis?2、Thisisabus.3、Whatisthat?4、Whatisit?5、Thatisatomato.6、Heisapoliceman.7、Sheisawoman.8、Itisawolf.9、Thereisasheepnearthemountain.10、Shehasagoodteacher.五、选词填空。（12分）例：Thisisalady.(lady,ladies)1.Therearesome(dish,dishes)onthetable.2.UncleLihasmany(duck,ducks)andabig(dog,dogs)onhisfarm.3.IhavesomeEnglishandAmerican.(stamp,stamps)4.Thisisnot(anorange,oranges).It’s(anapple,apples).5.Kidslike(cake,cakes)and(hotdogs,hotdog).6.Thereis(anairconditioner,airconditioners)andtwo(window,windows)inmyroom.7.(Artist,Anartist)lovespainting.8.(Fishes,Fish)ismyfavouritefood.9.(Potatoes,Potato)aremyfavouritefruit.10.(Rabbits,Rabbit)like(carrot,carrots).11.(Children,Child)haveagoodtimeonChildren’sDay.12.Thelittlekidhasonlyone(tooth,teeth).(二)不可数名词不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的名词就是不可数名词。小学阶段常见的不可数名词有：watermilkjuicelemonadehoneycoffeeteajaminkhomeworkcheesericesugarsaltflourmoneypapermeatgluebreadrainsnowfurniturehair informationadvicebaggagenewschange(零钱)luggage（行李）moneyprogresstrafficknowledge【总结】不可数名词的归类1、表示液体：water,juice,milk,lemonade,coffee,coke,ink2、表示自然现象：snow,rain,ice3、表示食品类：food,rice,jam,honey,meat,bread,mutton,beef,tofu,eggplant,pork,chicken,fish,food4、其它类：news,homework,housework,chalk不可数名词的用法： (1)不可数名词不能和a/an连用，请对比：错误：Ineedasugar,asaltandaflourtomakeacake.正确：Ineedsomesugar,saltandflourtomakeacake.(2)不可数名词作为单数名词来用，请对比：错误：Therearesomebreadonthetable.正确：Thereissomebreadonthetable.(3)不可数名词的量可以借助pieceslicedroppackettube等单位名词来表示。piece的使用尤为广泛，例如：不可数名词不可数名词的量paperapieceofpaper2piecesofpaperbreadapieceofbread3piecesofbreadfurnitureapieceoffurniture4piecesoffurniturewateraglassofwater5glassesofwatersoapabarofsoap6barsofsoapriceabowlofrice7bowlsofrice【注意】不可数名词如何量化：“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”，如：apieceofbread（paper(纸),cloth(布),coal(煤),news(新闻),advice(意见),information(信息),meat(肉)）anitemofinformation一则情报 aslipofpaper一张纸条alengthofcloth一段布料 acakeofsoap一块肥皂atubeoftoothpaste一条牙膏 abottleofink一瓶墨水 【注意】当量词可数，且前面的数词大于一时，量词需要用复数形式，如：twobottlesofwater两瓶水twopiecesofpaper两张纸 【注意】可数名词也能用：“数词+量词+of+可数名词复数”来表达数量。如：aboxofapples一箱苹果 sixboxesofapples六箱苹果 (4)不可数名词可以用someanylittle/alittlemuchalotof来修饰，但是不能用manyfew/afew来修饰，请对比：错误：Janehasmanyhomeworkstoday.(×)正确：Janehasmuchhomeworktoday.(√)(5)对不可数名词的量的提问用howmuch，对可数名词个数的提问用howmany，例如：Themonkeyeats2kilosoffruiteveryday.Howmuchfruitdoesthemonkeyeateveryday?【注意】：=1\*GB3①有些名词在汉语概念中是可数的，但是在英语中却是不可数的，例如：一支粉笔apieceofchalk=2\*GB3②noodles和vegetables这两个单词常作为复数来使用。【括展】：some与any词语辨析some与any都表示“一些”。some用在肯定句中。some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。any用在否定句、疑问句中。例子：Ihavesomebeautifulstamps.（肯定句）Idon’thaveanybeautifulstamps.（否定句）Doyouhaveanybeautifulstamps?（一般疑问句）A:CanIhaveanysomebananas?B:Sure.（客气请求的一般疑问句）manyalotofmuch词语辨析manyalotofmuch,这三个词都是表示“许多”。many是用来修饰可数名词,much用来修饰不可数名词，alotof则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。例子：Peterhasmanyfriend.（可数名词的前面）Peterhasmuchfoodforhisbirthdayparty.（不可数名词的前面）Peterhasalotoffriend.（可数名词的前面）Peterhasalotoffoodforhisbirthdayparty.（不可数名词的前面）练习：（）1.Kateneedsemptypapercup,riceandpapertomakeashaker.A.a,some,aB.an,some,aC.an,some,apieceofD.an,many,apieceof（）2.Somearechasingsome.A.cat,mouseB.cat,miceC.cats,mouseD.cats,mice解析：例题可以用排除法做。empty的首字母发音为元音，所以一个空纸杯应该是anemptypapercup；rice是不可数名词，不能用many来修饰；paper也是不可数名词，一张纸应该是apieceofpaper。【课堂练习】：I.选择填空(25分)1.Janeneedsforschool.A.aEnglishbookB.anEnglishbookC.someEnglishbookD.Englishbook2.Amotherbutterflylaysonaleaf.A.someeggB.aeggC.someeggsD.manyegg3.Ladiesandgentlemen,herethenews.A.areB.isC.amD./4.She’scuttingouttheshadowwithofscissors.A.apairB.apieceC.asheetD.abar5.Tomoftenhasbreadforhisbreakfast.A.twopiecesofB.twopieceofC.twoD.twopieces6.Howmanyarethereinthepicture?A.peachB.thepeachC.peachsD.peaches7.Therearesixtyinhour.A.minute,aB.minute,anC.minutes,anD.minutes,an8.Listen!MissFangisreadingoutthetothepuzzles.A.keyB.keiesC.keysD.key’s9.Hegoestoschool.A.onfootB.onfeetC.onthefootD.onthefeet10.

How

much________

is

on

the

table?

bread

B.

sheep

C.

apple11.Ihavetwo_____andthreebottlesof_____here.A.orange,orange B.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orange D.orange,oranges.12.

There

are

eight________

in

the

river.

A.

fish

B.

fishes

C.

fishs13.I

don’t

have

any

_____,but

I

have

some

_____.

A

apple,juice

B

apple,juices

C

apples,juice

D

apples,juices14.I

want

to

buy

________.

A.

two

bottles

of

ink

B.

two

bottle

of

ink

C.

two

bottle

of

inks

D.

two

bottles

of

inks

15.Couldyoupleasegetmesome_____?I’mhungry.A.egg B.water C.bread16.There_____someteainthecup.A.is B.are C.isn’t17.—Are

there

any

_______

in

the

picture?

—Yes,

there

are.

A.

fish

B.

pork

C.

beef

18.Youcanget_______fromhim.A.someadvices B.aadvice C.anadvice D.someadvice19.Wouldyoulikesome______? Oh,yes.Justalittle.A.pears B.oranges C.chocolate D.apples20.I

have

______to

do

on

Sundays.

A.

many

housework

B.

much

housework

C.

many

houseworks

D.

much

houseworks21.They

don’t

have

to

do

_______

today.

A.

much

homework

B.

manyhomeworks

C.

many

homework

D.

much

homeworks

22.What

she

lacks

is

_____.

A.

experiences

B.

a

experience

C.

an

experience

D.

experience23._____is

expensive

these

days.

A.

The

beer

B.

A

beer

C.

Beer

D.

Beers24.–What’sinthebox?Afew____,butlittle____.A.apple,milk B.apple，milks C.apples,milks D.apples,milk25.CanIhelpyou,sir?I’dliketohave100_____.Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.A.pieceofpaper B.piecesofpaper C.piecesofpapers=2\*ROMANII、给下列词语分类。（12分）moneyB.tigerC.chickD.strawberryE.beefF.muttonG.tofuH.tomatoI.crayonJ.riceK.inkL.bread可数名词:不可数名词:=3\*ROMANIII、用所给名词的适当形式填空。（15分）1.Howmany________(sheep)arethereonthehill?2.Thereissome________(food)inthebasket.3.Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.4.Thereisalotof________(water)inthebottle.5.Therearefive________(people)inhisfamily.6.Let'stake________(photo),OK?7.Ihavelotsof________(tomato)here.8.The________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellow.9.The________(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.10.Their________(dictionary)looknew.11.Iseeyouhaveafewwhite________(hair).12.Theyare________(woman)doctors.13.Canyougivemesomebottlesof________(orange),please?14.Therearemany________(fox)inthepicture.15.Iwouldlikesomeapple________(juice).Iamverythirsty.课后小结：可数名词单数变复数的规则变化形式(1)一般情况下，词尾直接加s，(2)元音字母加y结尾，直接加s，(3)以s,x,sh,ch结尾，加es，(4)辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，加es，(5)以f、fe结尾，变f、fe为v，加es，(6)以o结尾，表示人物、动植物的单词加es(7)以o结尾，表示无生命的物体，多数s2、不可数名词的用法(1)不可数名词不能与不定冠词a/an连用，(2)不可数名词在句子中作为单数名词来使用，(3)不可数名词的量可以借助pieceslicedroppackettube等单位名词来表示。(4)不可数名词可以用someanylittle/alittlemuchalotof来修饰，不能用manyfew/afew(5)对不可数名词的量的提问应该用howmuch，对可数名词个数的提问应该用howmany巩固练习：I.选择填空(20分)（）1.—Mr.

Smith

always

has

________

to

tell

us.

—So

he

does.

A.

some

good

pieces

of

news

B.

some

pieces

of

good

news

C.

some

good

piece

of

news

D.

some

piece

of

good

news

（）2.I

would

like

to

have________

.

A.

two

glasses

of

milk

B.

two

glass

of

milk

C.

two

glasses

of

milks

D.

two

glass

of

milks

（）3.What

are

you

listening

to,

Jack?

________

or________

?

A

.Music,

a

news

B.

Music,

news

C.

Musics,

news

D.

Music,

newes

（）4.

There________

some________

in

the

river.

A.

is,

fish

B.

are,

fishs

C.

is,

fishs

D.

are,

fish（）5.—Would

you

like

to

have

a

drink?

—Yes,

two________

,

please.

cup

of

tea

B.

cups

of

tea

C.

cup

of

teas

D.

cups

of

teas

（）6.

You’d

better

not

eat________

food

every

day.

better

not(最好不要)

much

too

B.

too

much

C.

too

many D.

many

too（）7.Father

has________

for

breakfast.

two

piece

of

bread

B.

two

pieces

of

bread

C.two

piece

of

breads

D.

two

pieces

of

breads（）8.I

want

three________

and

four________

ilk,please.

A

bags,bottle

B

bag,bottle

of

C

bags,bottle

of

D

bags,bottles

of

（）9.__________itistoday!A.Whatfineweather B.WhatafineweatherC.Howafineweather D.Howfineaweather（）10.Thereislittle________

inthefridge.Let’sgotothemarkettobuysome.A.eggs B.vegetablesC.fruit D.snacks（）11.Mum,Iamhungry.MayIhavesome________

? Ofcourse.Butdon’teattoomuch.A.bread B.noodle C.dumplingD.hamburger（）12.Would

you

like

some________

?

Oh,

yes,

just

a

little.

milk

B.

apple

C.

pears

D.

news

（）13.They

like

to

eat________

of

the

restaurant

A.

fishes

and

beef

B.

fish

and

beef

C.

fish

and

beefs

D.

fishes

and

beefs（）14.The

study

of

________

can

be

very

interesting.

A.

history

B.

histories

C.

a

history

D.

the

history（）15.We

have________

milk.

I’ll

buy

some.

A.a

little

B.

a

lot

C.

little

D.

lot（）16.I

need________

for

breakfast.

A.

three

kind

of

vegetables

B.

three

kinds

of

vegetables

C.

three

kinds

of

vegetable

D.

three

kind

of

vegetable（）17.British

people

eat

________

a

lot,

and

they

are

usually

cooked

in

different

ways.

chicken

B.

beef

C.

fish

D.

potatoes

（）18.The

boys

have

got________

already.

A.

two

bread

B.

two

breads

C.

two

pieces

of

br