2024版高考英语复习：HumanBiology北师大版

UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYⅠ.阅读理解AIgorSikorskywasbornonMay25th,1889.Sikorskydevelopedaninterestinnaturalscienceinhisyouth.HebeganstudyingattheSaintPetersburgMaritimeCadetCorpsattheageof14.In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering,sohelefttostudyinParis.In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather,helearnedoftheachievementsoftheWrightBrothersandFerdinandvonZeppelin’sairships.Sikorskylatersaidaboutthis:“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”Sikorskythenstartedhisworkondesigningahelicopter.Thefirsttwoattemptsfailedin1909and1910,sohestoppedandturnedtofixed-wingaircraft(飞行器).Hisfirstattempt,theS-l,alsofailed.Buthissecondattempt,theS-2,wasasuccess.Hecontinuedtodevelophisknowledgetoimprovehisairplanemodels.Duringthistime,healsogothispilot’slicense(执照).Hisfifthplane,theS-5,wonhimnationalattention.Hissixthplane,theS-6-A,wonhimthehighestawardatthe1912MoscowAviationExhibition.Hebuiltthefirstfour-engineplanein1913.Tocontinuetoseekhisdream,SikorskywenttotheUnitedStatesin1919,wherehebeganteachingmathematics.HeworkeddayandnightandsavedenoughmoneytoestablishhisownaviationcompanyonLongIslandin1923.ThecompanydidprettywellbutSikorskywasdreamingbig.Allthistime,hisdreamofbuildingahelicopterhadjustgrownbiggerandheneverstoppedwritingdownhisdesignsandideas.In1939,hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.ItwasthefirstsuccessfulhelicopteroftheUnitedStatesandby1940servedasthemodelforallsingle-rotor(单旋翼)helicopters.Sikorsky’sworkcontributedgreatlytotheaviationindustryandhewasrecognizedasthefatherofhelicoptersbecauseofhispioneeringdesigns.Heofficiallyretiredin1957,buthecontinuedtoworkasaconsultant(顾问)untilhisdeathin1972attheageof83.1.WhatdidIgorSikorskydoafteratripin1908?A.Hemadeengineeringhismajor.B.HemovedfromFrancetoGermany.C.Hedecidedtochangehislife’swork.D.Hereturnedhometocontinuehisstudies.2.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.IgorSikorsky’scontinuoushardwork.B.ThelifelessonsIgorSikorskylearned.C.ThereasonsforIgorSikorsky’spastfailures.D.IgorSikorsky’sattemptstodesignhelicopters.3.Whathappenedinthe1930s?A.IgorSikorsky’shelicopterwasasuccess.B.IgorSikorskyreceivedhispilot’slicense.C.IgorSikorsky’sowncompanywassetup.D.IgorSikorskybecameamathematicsteacher.4.WhatdoesthestoryofIgorSikorskyinspirepeopletodo?A.Tofacedangerfearlessly.B.Totreasurewhattheyhave.C.Toseekhelpfromothers.D.Tosticktotheirdreams.B(2023原创预测题)Ifyou’reoneofthosepeoplethatneedsyourphoneordeviceinbedwithyouwhenyou’reasleep,youmightwanttoreadon.That’sbecausedoingthiscouldbereallydangerous,inthatitcouldsetyourentirebedonfire.It’sawarningthathasbeenissuedspecificallyforchildrenwhogotnewtabletsforChristmasbutextendstoanyonewhoplacesadevice(oncharger)somewhereflammable(易燃的)duringthenight.Pictures,thatweresharedbytheAustralianFireDepartment,showexactlyhowdangerouschargingonaflammablesurfacecanbe.Theyshowtheendofachargerwhichseemstohavehadallitsprotectivecoatingmeltedaway.Fromthere,ithasstartedtothebedsheetandanothercover,givinganinsightintothedamagethatcanbedoneifleft.TheposthasbeensharedbyCPRKids,apagededicatedtoCPRandFirstAideducation.Alongsidethepictures,theywrote:“DidyourchildrenreceiveatabletorphoneforChristmas?Makesurethattheyneverchargeelectronicsinbed—teachthemtofollowmanufacturers’(制造商)guidelines.Chargeonaflatsurfacewithnoflammablematerialsaround,makesuretherearenoforeignobjectsintheconnectororplug,andavoidcheapaccessories.Also,itisimportanttocheckthatcords(电源线)arealwaysingoodconditionandthrowawayanycordsthatshowsignsofwearandtear.Damagedcordsandcharginginunsafeconditionscanposeafirerisk!Andalwayskeepcordsoutofreachoflittleones.”Taggingpeopleinthecomments,oneMetauserwrote:“ThisiswhyItellyoutoremovethepowerboardfromyourbed!”Sharingtheirownexperience,someoneelsecommented:“Weoncechargedourphoneonabookonourdesk.Thephoneheatedupsomuchthatthebookcaughtfire.Smokehadn’tgottentothesmokedetectoryet.”5.Whoisthepassageprobablywrittenfor?A.Photographerswhosharepictures.B.Anyonewhosetstheentirebedonfire.C.ChildrenwhogotnewtabletsforChristmas.D.Peoplewhochargedevicessomewhereflammable.6.Whathappenedtothechargerinthepictures?A.Itwasmovedfromtheflammablesurface.B.Itsprotectivecoatingwasburnedout.C.Thebedsheetwastakenfarawayfromit.D.TheAustralianFireDepartmentlikedit.7.WhatdoesCPRKidssuggestpeopledoing?A.Neverbuyingchildrentablets.B.Chargingelectronicsinbed.C.Choosingcheapaccessories.D.Throwingawaydamagedcords.8.Whatdidpeoplethinkofthepost?A.Itwasridiculous.B.Itwasunnecessary.C.Itwasfunny. D.Itwashelpful.Ⅱ.七选五(2023浙江名校联盟第三次联考)Agriculturehascomealongwayfromitsancientbeginnings.Longago,farmerswouldworkhardontheirindividualplotsofland,usingsimpletoolsoreventheirbarehands.Theytendedtotheircropsformanyhourseachdaysothatthecropsgrewwell.1Forexample,asinglestormcoulddestroyawholeyear’swork,whileasummerofgoodweathercouldensureagoodharvest.

Modernscienceandtechnologyhavehelpedtogreatlyreducetheback-breakinglabourinvolvedinfarming,alongwiththerelianceonluckandguesswork.2

Probablyoneofthemostbeneficialinnovationsisdripirrigation,whichhasmadeitpossibletodevelopbig,greenfarmsinthemiddleofthedesert.SimchaBlass,anIsraeliscientist,discoveredthisnewwayofirrigationinthe1930s.Throughthisdiscovery,farmerscannowproducecropsondrylandwithoutneedingmuchwater.3Thelimitedandfocuseduseofjusttherightamountofwateralsodeniesmoisture(水分)toweeds,keepingthemfromharmingthecrops.

4However,whatifanareahasplentyofwater,butlittleusablesoil?Asitturnsout,itispossibletogrowplantswithoutusingsoilatall.Withhydroponics(水培),plantrootsaresupportedbyrocksorafibermat.Nutrient-richwateristhenprovidedsothattheplantscangrow.Recentresearchhascenteredonverticalhydroponicsfarming.Withaverticalfarm,thecropsareplantedincontainersthatarepiledintoplantskyscrapers.5

Withsuchtechnologicaladvances,theimageofafarmerpushingaploughwilleventuallybecomeathingofthepast.A.Luckplayedagreatpartinfarming.B.Someareaswouldbetoodrytogrowcrops.C.Dripirrigationdealswithalackofwaterinanarea.D.Therehavebeenexperimentstomakedripirrigationareality.E.Thisirrigationmethodusesfarlesswaterthanothermethods.F.Furthermore,nearlyallhydroponicfarmspartiallyorfullyautomated.G.Farmershavebenefitedgreatlyfrominnovationsincropproduction.Ⅲ.语法填空(2023河南豫南省级示范高中联盟模拟)Sorapidlydoesthetechnologydevelopthatnoonecanpredictwhatmayhappentomorrow.Thenumberof5GusersinChinahasreached20percent,whichleavesthepeopleintheworld1.(amaze).InChina,operatorsarequicktoprovidecontinuousnationwidecoverage,2.(ensure)usersaconsistentexperience.Theyalsoofferflexibleservicepackages,whichdeliversabeneficialresultforbothusersand3.(they).

High-quality5Gnetworks4.(drive)rapidgrowthofmobiledatatrafficsofar,accordingtoDingYun,Huawei’sexecutivedirectorandpresidentofitscarrierbusinessgroup.5.isestimated,theaveragedatatrafficperuserpermonthwillreach600GBby2030.Theenergyconsumptionofwirelessnetworkswill6.(definite)increasealotifenergyefficiencyofexistingnetworksremainsunchanged.However,7.hasbeenconfirmedisthatHuaweihasofferedacomprehensiverangeofproductsandmeasuresthataddressthepowerconsumptionissuesofwirelessnetworks.

Huaweihasalreadyemployedlow-carbon8.(strategy)inmorethan100countries,includingSaudiArabia,Greece,PakistanandSwitzerland,helpingoperatorsreducecarbondioxideemissionsby40milliontons.As9.importantplayerinthecommunicationsindustry,Huaweiwillcontinuetoputgreendevelopmentatthecenterofeverythingitdoesanddevelopinnovativewaystobuild10.(green)5Gnetworksworldwidethanbefore.

UNIT9HUMANBIOLOGYⅠ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述在直升机设计领域做出开创性贡献的科学家伊戈尔·西科斯基的故事。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In1906,hedecidedthathisfuturelayinengineering”和“In1907,hereturnedhometocompletehisstudiesattheMechanicalCollegeofKyivPolytechnicInstitute.”以及第二段的“Ayearlater,onatriptoGermanywithhisfather”和“Withintwenty-fourhours,I’ddecidedtopursueaviation.”可知,1908年伊戈尔·西科斯基在那次旅行之后便把他的梦想从机械工程改成了航空。2.A主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知,本段主要展现了伊戈尔·西科斯基在设计飞行器方面所作出的不懈努力。3.A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈尔·西科斯基想要设计直升机的梦想在1939年实现,最终完成了VS-300并亲自驾驶进行了首飞。由此可知,20世纪30年代,IgorSikorsky设计的直升机取得了成功。4.D推理判断题。根据第三段和第五段“In1939hisdreamcametrue.SikorskyfinallycompletedtheVS-300andpiloteditsfirstflighthimself.”可知,伊戈尔·西科斯基梦想制造直升机,尽管经历多次失败,他却从未放弃,并持续不断努力,最终取得成功。由此可推知,他的故事鼓励人们坚持自己的梦想。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。睡觉前你会给手机充电吗?你是否想过你充电的地方存在潜在的危险?文章就在床上给电子设备充电给出了一些建议。5.D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和最后一句可知,本文是写给那些经常将电子设备放在易燃处(如床上)充电的人,特别是(但不仅仅是)那些在圣诞节得到了新平板电脑的孩子。6.B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theyshowtheendofachargerwhichseemstohavehadallitsprotectivecoatingmeltedaway.”可知该充电器的外保护层熔化了,即被烧坏了。7.D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Also,itisimportanttocheckthatcordsarealwaysingoodconditionandthrowawayanycordsthatshowsignsofwearandtear.”可知,要让电源线处于良好状态,扔掉那些有磨损的电源线。8.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的“ThisiswhyItellyoutoremovethepowerboardfromyourbed!”以及另外一个人分享的经验可知,评论的人大都很认可CPRKids的说法。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学技术在农业中的应用,介绍了滴灌和水培农业及其优点。1.A上文“Theytendedtotheircropsformanyhourseachdaysothatthecropsgrewwell.”指出农民们为了庄稼长得好,每天要花好几个小时照料庄稼,下文“Forexample,asinglestorm...ensureagoodharvest.”以具体例子说明,突发天气状况会影响收成,由此可推知,空处应该是指出古代农业收成好坏也靠运气,A项“运气在农业中起了很大的作用。”符合语境。2.G上文“Modernscienceandtechnology...luckandguesswork.”指出现代科技给农业带来的好处,空处也应该承接上文,继续描写现代科技给农业带来的好处,G项“农民从农作物生产的创新中获益匪浅。”符合语境。3.E上文“Throughthisdiscovery,farmerscannowproducecropsondrylandwithoutneedingmuchwater.”指出滴灌的优点,农民不仅可以在旱地上种植,而且不需要太多水,下文“Thelimitedandfocuseduse...harmingthecrops.”指出滴灌使用有限而集中的水对农业的好处,由此可知,空处应承接上文,继续描写滴灌用水少这一优点,E项“这种灌溉方法比其他方法用水少得多。”符合语境。4.C由下文“Ho