2024年中考英语词汇专项复习《动词》

2024年中考英语专项复习《动词》

动词的分类

分类法种类例词

及物动词play,drive,drink,eat,sing,dance,swim,speak

实义动词

不及物动词go,come,arrive,listen,walk,look

按句法作用分类助动词do,does,did,will,would,be,have,has

情态动词can,could,must,haveto,may,might,will,should,shall

系动词become,get,turn,look,smell,sound,smell,feel,remain,stay

持续性动词read,fly,study,work,grow,improve,increase

动态动词

按词汇意义分类瞬息性动词jump,knock,begin,leave,die,reach,start,buy

状态动词allow,need,order,prefer;require,ask,mind,advice

1.及物动词

及物动词后可直接接宾语，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、双宾语的及物动词、宾语补足

语的及物动词。

(1)常见跟单宾语的及物动词:catch,hold,break,celebrate,discuss,educate,grow,borrow,put,

forget,love,worry...

Eg:Don'tbreaktherules.

Wearegoingtodiscussthetopicingroups.

Iborrowapenfromastranger.

Putthebananasintheblender.

(2)间接宾语前可加to或for的及物动词：give,offer,buy,pass,sell,show,read,sing,draw,

make,choose,cook...

Eg:Myfatherboughtabikeformeasapresent.

MissLiofferedsomepicturestous.

(3)间接宾语一定要放在直接宾语前的及物动词:ask,cost...

Eg:Thedoctoraskedmesomequestions.

Itcostsmetwentydollars.

(4)常见跟宾语补足语的及物动词

①名词作宾语补足语:call,consider,name,make...

Eg:RobinsonnamedthemanFriday.

②形容词作宾语补足语：make,find,believe,keep...

Eg:Asadmoviemakesmeunhappy.

(3)分词作宾语补足语：see,watch,find,keep,feel,hear,make,have...

Eg:Ilovetowatchthemonkeysclimbingaround.

Lilyhasherhaircut.

④带to的不定式作宾语补足语：advice,tell,ask,expect,promise,want,invite,allow,

encourage,remind,require...

Eg:Myparentsrequiredmetocleanmyroom.

TheyinvitedMr.Blacktotakepartinthegame.

⑤不带to的不定式作宾语补足语:feel,hear,make,have,let,see,watch...

Eg:Isawhimwalkintothehall.

Thefunnymoviemakespeoplelaugh.

2.不及物动词

不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，大多数动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，纯不及物动词

很少,常见纯不及物动词有：arrive,come,go,walk,sit,stand,happen,lie,run...

Eg:Wearrivedatthesciencemuseumat8:30thismorning.

Thepolicehappenedtoknowthetruth.

3.助动词

助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能用来帮助主动词构成各种时态、语态、否定式

和疑问式等。基本助动词有be,do,have,willshall

(1)be的用法

①与现在分词连用构成各种进行时态

Eg:Look!Someboysareplayingbasketball.

Theywerehavingdinnerwhentheearthquakehappened.

②与过去分词连用构成被动语态

Eg:Studentsarerequiredtohaveadiscussion.

Thebuildingisnamedafterafamousscientist.

③与带to的不定式构成复合谓语

Eg:Ifwearetowinthegame,wemusttryourbest.

(2)do的用法

①帮助构成一般现在时态和过去时的否定式和疑问式

Eg:Shedoesn'tlikeeatingcarrots.

Doyouwanttobeanactor?

②用于加强语气

Eg:Idobelieveyou.

③用于代替前面出现过的动词，以免重复

Eg:Ididn'twatchTVlastnight,butmybrotherdid.

(3)have的用法

与过去分词连用构成完成时

Eg:Ihavefinishedreadingthisbook.

Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?

Shehaslivedhereforovertwentyyears.

Herealizedthathehadlefthiskeysathome.

(4)will>would>shall>should的用法

will>shall构成一般将来时,would>should构成过去将来时；shall>should主要用于第

一人称，wilkwould可用于各种人称

Eg:Hewillreachtheairportinhalfanhour.

Cindysaidshewouldmakeherdreamcometrue.

IshallpayavisittoEuropethissummer.

Iwastoldthatweshouldfixupthemachine.

Samwasinformedthatheshouldn'ttouchanythingintheroom.

Itwon'traintomorrow.

4.情态动词

情态动词本身有各种含义，不能单独作谓语，要和动词原形连用构成谓语，表示说话人

的语气、情绪或态度。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。

(1)can和could

①表示能力，意为“会，能够”，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力

Eg:Hecansing.

Hecouldplaytheguitarwhenhewasyoung.

②表示推测，意为“可能”

Eg:Sheisonbusiness,soshecan'tbeathome.

③表示请求、允许、建议，意为“可以"，could比can的语气更加委婉、礼貌

Eg:-Couldyouhelpmewithmath?-Sorry,Ican't.I'mbusypreparingforthetest.

-CouldIuseyourcomputer?-Ofcourse,youcan.

Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.

(2)must和haveto

must只有一种时态形式；haveto可用于多种时态，其否定式和疑问式都要借助助动词

构成。

①表示必须：must强调主观意愿，而haveto强调客观上的必要性，意为“不得不”

Eg:Youmustfollowthelaws.

Youdon'thavetostayuplate.

②must可以表示推测，且把握较大

Eg:Themanovertheremustbeournewteacher.

(3)may和might

①表示推测，意为“可能”，可能性的大小关系为：must>can>may>might

Eg:Billymay/mightbeinthelibrary.Kmnotsure.

②表示请求、允许，意为“可以"，might比may的语气更加委婉、礼貌

Eg:-May/MightItakearest?

-Yes,youcan.

(4)shall

①表示询问意见，用于一、三人称的疑问句中

Eg:ShallItakeitoff?

②表示决心、许诺、警告、威胁或命令，用于第一、二、三各人称的肯定句中

Eg:Nothingshallpreventusfromprotectingtheenvironment.

Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktheruleagain.

③表示规定或义务

Eg:Thenewlawshallbecarriedoutnextmonth.

(5)should

①表示义务、责任

Eg:Weshouldnevergiveupourdreams.

Adultsshouldtakecareoftheyouth.

②表示推测

Eg:ItshouldbeDoctorLi'scellphone.

(6)need

①作情态动词时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，对疑问句的肯定回答用must,否定回答

用needMt,意为“不必”；没有人称、数和时态的变化

Eg:Youneedn'tbeafraidofthispuppy.

Heneedfinishthetasktoday.

②作实义动词时，有人称、数和时态的变化，后跟名词、代词和不带to的不定式等

Eg:Theydon'tneedtocometoschoolonweekends.

Littlebabiesneedtheirparents.

(7)will和would

没有人称和数的变化

①表示意愿、愿望，意为“愿意”

Eg:Agoodfriendistheonewhowillhelpyouwhenyou'reintrouble.

Hewillpickmeuptotheparty.

Themanwouldn'tlethischildrendochores.

②表示倾向、习惯，意为“总是”

Eg:YouwillalwaysdotheoppositeofwhatItellyou.

Waterwillturnintoicewhenthetemperatureisbelowzero.

③表示猜测，意为“可能、大概”

Eg:Theladyyoutalkedwithwouldbeyoursister.

④用于第二人称的疑问句时，表示客气的请求，would比will的语气更委婉

Eg:Wouldyoupassthepapertome?

(8)hadbetter

可当做情态动词使用，后接动词原形，无人称，时态和数的变化，意为“最好.....”，

否定形式为hadbetternot,疑问句将had移到句首

Eg:You/dbetterhandinyourpaperbeforeFriday.

You'dbetternottellhimthenews.

HadIbetternottellhimthenews?

5.系动词

(1)表示状态的be动词：am,is,are,was,were

Eg:I'mgladtomeetyou.

(2)感官动词：feel,sound,smell,hear,seem,taste...

Eg:Thecaketastesgood.

Hismothersaidthatshefeltbetter.

(3)表示保持状态：keep,stay,remain

Eg:Tokeepfit,weshoulddosomeexerciseeveryday.

(4)表示状态变化:become,go,grow...

Eg:Theroombecamecrowed.

Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.

(5)表示变化结果:get,prove,turn...

Eg:Whenmysongetsolder;hewantstobeamusician.

6.持续性动词和瞬息性动词

持续性动词表示可持续的动作或状态，瞬息性动词表示短暂行为或事件的动词

①持续性动词可与表示一段时间的状语连用，但是瞬息性动词不可以

Eg:Ihavehadthisbikeforthreeyears.

Youcankeepthebookforsevendays.

②瞬息性动词的否定式可与表示一段时间的状语连用

Eg:Thestormhasn'tstoppedsincetwohoursago.

动词的形式

1.动词的第三人称单数形式（用于构成一般现在时）

规则动词原形第三人称单数形式

一般在词尾加-Splayplays

以/S/、〃、音素结尾或以-。fix,finish,watch,gofixes,finishes,watches,goes

结尾的动词，加-es

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，

studystudies

去y力口-ies

2.动词的现在分词形式（主要用于构成进行时）

规则动词原形-ing形式

一般直接在词尾加-ingworkworking

以不发音的e结尾，去掉e

rideriding

再加-ing

以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只

有一个辅音字母的动词，要

stopstopping

双写最后一个辅音字母再加

-ing

少数以-ie结尾的动词，先变

die,tie,liedying,tying,lying

ie为y,再加-ing

以-ee,-ye等结尾的动词，直

see,eyeseeing,eyeing

接加-ing

3.动词的过去式和过去分词形式（过去式主要用于构成各种一般过去时，过去分词主要用

来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态）

规则动词

规则动词原形过去式过去分词

一般直接加-edwatchwatchedwatched

以-e结尾，加-dlovelovedloved

以“辅音字母+y”结尾，去y加-iedcrycriedcried

以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个

辅音字母的动词，要双写最后一个planplannedplanned

辅音字母再加-ed

不规则动词

动词原形过去式过去分词

Be（am,is,are）was,werebeen

beginbeganbegun

breakbrokebroken

givegavegiven

speakspokespoken

drivedrovedriven

rideroderidden

writewrotewritten

buyboughtbought

feelfeltfelt

spellspeltspelt

putputput

cutcutcut

costcostcost

read/ri:d/read/red/read/red/

sellsoldsold

telltoldtold

spendspentspent

sendsentsent

growgrewgrown

throwthrewthrown

lied（说谎）lied（说谎）

lie

lay（躺）lain（躺）

短语动词

1.动词+介词

arrivein/ataskforlookafterlookatlookforlistentowaitfor

dependonjoinintalkto/withshoutat/to

2.动词+副词

breakdownbreakoutbreakupturnonturnoffturnupturndown

giveupgiveawaygiveinputupputonputawaypickupstayup

3.动词+副词+介词

comeupwithlookforwardtorunoutofgetalongwithputupwith

4.动词+名词

takecaretakeplacemakethebedloseheartloseweightmakea

differencemakefriendshavefun

5.动词+名词+介词

takepartintakeprideintakeplaceoftakechargeofpayattentionto

makeone'swayto

6.动词+形容词

makesurecometruekeepfitstayhealthfeelsadsoundgoodsmellbad

练习：

l.-What'sthematterwithDaniel?Heisn'tatschooltoday.

-Hisarmshurt.Hewasbyacarthismorning.

A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured

2.Mumismakinglunch.Itsonice!

AsmellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds

3.Therewassomethingwrongwiththephone.Wecouldn'teachotherclearly.

AlistenB.soundC.hearD.speak

4.You'dbetterthetestpaperbeforehandingitin.

A.goaheadB.goonC.gooffD.goover

5.Moreandmoreteenagersinthecountrysidearetheirhometownsatanearlyageto

lookforworkinthecities.

A.goingtoB.leavingC.beginning