2024版高考英语总复习语法：主谓一致课件北师大版

语法专题突破第2讲主谓一致英语内容索引情境导入考点解读技法图解情境导入My

deskmate,James,whose

parents

have

been

teaching①EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears,comesfromtheUnitedStates,whichisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.He

as

well

as

his

parents

enjoys②livinginGuangzhoubecauseneither

James

nor

his

parents

find③itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,many

a

custom

here

is④easytounderstandandten

years

is⑤enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.用法感悟1.以上黑体部分遵循语法一致原则的是:

。

2.以上黑体部分遵循意义一致原则的是:

3.以上黑体部分遵循就近一致原则的是:

①②④

⑤

③

考点解读一、语法一致原则1.动词-ing形式、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Listening

to

music

makesmerelaxedafterabusyday.忙碌一天之后,听音乐使我感到很放松。[名师点津]what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式。What

he

says

and

does

doesnotconcernme.他的言行与我无关。What

he

says

and

does

donotagree.他言行不一致。2.主语后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引起的短语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。The

teacher

as

well

as

his

students

wasveryexcited.老师和学生们都非常激动。3.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。Many

a

parent

hashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母不得不经历同样痛苦的过程。二、意义一致原则1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。The

class

consistsof25boysand20girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The

class

aredoinganexperiment.全班学生都在做实验。2.“分数/百分数/themajority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;all,some,half,most,therest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Aboutone

third

of

the

books

areworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。3.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。Three

thousand

dollars

isquitealotofmoneyforaboy.对于一个男孩来说,3000美元是一笔大数目。三、就近一致原则1.由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等连接的短语作主语,谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Either

you

or

one

of

your

students

istoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.或者你,或者你学生中的一位要去参加定于明天的会议。2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There

arethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。小题快练

单句语法填空1.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,

(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.

2.Allweneed

(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.

wasgiven

考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语为单数,尽管其后有as

well

as引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;由时间状语last

week可知,应用一般过去时。此外,由于主语Amy与动词give之间是被动关系,故需用被动语态。

is

考查时态和主谓一致。根据表语a

small

piece

of

land可知谓语动词用单数形式,而根据从句的时态可知所填词用一般现在时。3.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse

(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.

4.Onethirdofthecountry

(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens

(be)blackpeople.

is

being

built考查时态、语态和主谓一致。that从句中的主语是house,为单数,many

a

new是修饰语,所以谓语动词用单数形式;由at

present可知,应用现在进行时。此外,由于house与动词build之间为被动关系,故此处还需用被动语态。isare考查主谓一致。由“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语及“the

majority

of+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of后面名词的数而定。技法图解【例1】It

(go)likethis:“Lastlanternfestival,theflowerfairdecoratedwithlightswasdaylightbright.Wemetafterduskwhenthemoonrosebehindwillowtrees.Thisyearthemoonandlanternsarestillthesame,yetyouarenothereanymore.Iamsad,withtearsshedonthesleevesofmyspringcoat.”

分析:解本题时要根据主语的人称。It为第三人称单数,根据语法一致原则可知谓语