浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末学业水平测试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末学业水平测试英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍,1.Whatdoesthewomanwantforhernewhome?A.Aconvenientneighborhood. B.Betternaturescenes. C.Largerspace.〖答案〗C【原文】M:You’refinallymovingoutofthecity!W:Yes.Ilovedmyconvenientapartment.Butnow,Iwantaquietcountryhousewithmorelandandroomformykids.M:Yourfamilywilllovethis!2.Whoarethespeakers?A.Storestaffandcustomer. B.Policemanandlostkid. C.Brotherandsister.〖答案〗A【原文】W:Sir!I’mlookingforalittleboy.Iwaswalkingaroundthisstorewithmybrother,andhewalkedaway.He’sonemetertallandnamedJosh.M:I’llannouncehisnameoverthestore’sspeakersystem.Mybosswillcallthepolicerightnow.3.WhatisRyanmostexcitedabout?A.Onlinevideos. B.Virtualreality. C.Phoneapplications.〖答案〗B【原文】M:I’munfamiliarwithwebapplicationdevelopment.I’dmainlyusetechnologytokeepintouchwithfriendsandfamily.Thisinnovationofvirtualrealityismostinterestingtome.W:Sure,Ryan.Thisnewformofvideocommunicationwillbeveryuseful!4.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Attendameeting. B.Havelunch. C.Workonareport.〖答案〗B【原文】M:Ifinishedwritingthereportlastnight,andIcompletedthefinaleditsthismorning.W:Great!Well,themeetingdoesn’tstartuntil1:30p.m.,solet’sgoandgetsomethingtoeat.M:Soundslikeagoodidea!5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirfavoritesongs. B.OnlineEnglishcourses. C.Languagelearning.〖答案〗C【原文】M:Helen,howdidyouimproveyourEnglishsoquickly?You’rethestrongestspeakerinyourhighschoolclass.W:IstartedwatchingEnglishvideosonsocialmediaandlisteningtoEnglishsongs.M:ThosearesmartwaystoimproveyourEnglishskills.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatisthewoman’sconcern?A.Thatsheisgettinglesscreative.B.ThatherjobwillbereplacedbyAItools.C.Thatthenewtechnologyistoodifficultforher.7.Whatistheman’sjobprobably?A.Ateacher. B.Anartist. C.Acomputerprogrammer.〖答案〗6.B7.A【原文】W:AItoolslikeChatGPTworryme.WhywouldemployerspaymetowritecontentifanAIprogramcandoitforfree?M:Mywifeisadigitalartist,andshehasthesameconcern.ButIdon’tthinkyouneedtoworrytoomuch.I’vealreadyhadacoupleofmystudentstryingtohandinreportswrittenbyAI,andit’ssoobvious!W:Really?M:Yeah.Thesoftwareisgood.Yet,it’llneverreplacehumancreativity,knowledgeorunderstanding,althoughyoumayfindyourselfusingitmoreinyourjobinthefuture.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacinema. B.Inthespeakers’home. C.Inahospital.9.Whydidn’tthewomanfinishthemovie?A.Shewasannoyedatanotherviewer’sbadmanners.B.Shehadtosavetimetostudyforanexam.C.Shefoundthemovieboring.〖答案〗8.B9.A【原文】M:Hey,Claire.Howwasthefilm?W:Idon’tknow.Ileftthecinemahalfwaythroughthefilm.M:Wasitthatbad?W:No,Iwasactuallyenjoyingthefilm,butthemanbesidemekeptsneezing.M:Ohdear.Washeill?W:Helookedandsoundedlikehehadflu,buthedidn’tcoverhismouthwhenhesneezedandhewasn’twearingamask.Ifeltuncomfortable.M:Ithinkyoumadetherightdecision.W:Well,I’mjustgoingtohaveashower,butdoyouwanttowatchaTVshowtogetheronceI’mdone?M:Ineedtostudyformyexamtomorrow.Yougoahead.W:Okay.I’llkeepthesounddownsoIwon’tdisturbyou.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。10.Wheredoesthemanmainlywork?A.Inacafé. B.Inhishouse. C.Inanoffice.11.Whatisthewoman’smainproblem?A.Havingnofriendsatwork.B.Beingdisturbedbyhercolleagues.C.Drivinglongdistancestowork.12.Howdoesthemanconcentrateonhiswork?A.Byputtingupno-talkingsigns.B.Byworkinginaseparateoffice.C.Bysettinghisprivateworkspace.〖答案〗10.C11.B12.C【原文】W:Aftertwoyearsofworkingathome,it’sstrangebeingbackinmyoffice.M:I’vealwaysbeenworkingatmyofficeasrequiredbymyjob.Wheredoyoupreferworking?W:Athome.Luckily,myofficeisn’tfarawayfrommyhouse.Butstill,Ihavedifficultiesfocusingnow.Manyco-workersinmyofficewanttochatormeetwithme,whichconstantlybreaksmyconcentration.M:Really?I’mtheopposite.Ican’tgetworkdoneathome.Imustbeinanofficeoracafétofocus.W:That’sinteresting.Howdoyoustayfocusedandgetsomuchworkdoneintheoffice?M:Iwearnoise-cancelingheadphoneswithoutlisteningtomusicandturnmydeskawayfromothers.Thatway,peoplerespectmylittlespaceandprivacymore.W:Cleverideas.Thatway,youdon’tneedtoaskpeopletostoptalking,buttheywillunderstandyou’renotwillingtotalkatthemoment.听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。13.HowdidMrs.Albrightfeelaboutbeinginterviewedatfirst?A.Anxious. B.Unhappy. C.Touched.14.WhatisspecialaboutMrs.Albright?A.Sheisarecordholder. B.Sheisbothblindanddeaf. C.Shewasbadlyhurtinthewar.15.WhenwasMrs.Albrightborn?A.In1920. B.In1922. C.In1943.16.WheredidMrs.Albrightlearnaboutthepowerofkindness?A.Fromherhusband’sexperience.B.Fromabookwrittenbyhersister.C.Fromasayingofafamousauthor.〖答案〗13.A14.A15.B16.C【原文】M:Thankssomuchforagreeingtothisinterview,Mrs.Albright.W:Well,ofcourse!I’veneverbeenfeaturedinthenewspaperbefore,soIwasworriedImightsaysomethingwrong.Butasmylatehusbandusedtosay,“I’lltryanythingonce!Nothingcanbeatme!”M:Ha-ha!Thatactuallyleadsmenicelytomyfirstquestion.Youjustcelebratedyourbirthdayandbecamethelongest-livedpersoninourcountry.Arethereanypersonalphilosophiesthathaveguidedyourlife?W:Well,forme,kindnesshasalwaysbeenthemostimportantthing.Iremember,mysisterboughtmeabookofwisesayingsformy21stbirthday.Thiswasin1943,sotherewasawaron.M:Right,ofcourse.W:Theonethathasalwaysstayedwithmeisbytheauthor,MarkTwain.Hesaid,“Kindnessisalanguagethatthedeafcanhearandtheblindcansee.”M:Wow!W:Itreallymademerealizehowimportantkindnessis.Kindnessisneverawaste.Everytimeyoudosomethingkind,youmaketheworldjustalittlebitbetter.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whatistheurgentupdateabout?A.Changesontraintracks. B.Latearrivaloftrains. C.Trainmaintenance.18.Whodecidedtomaketheupdate?A.Railwayengineers. B.Stationmanagers. C.Safetyofficers.19.Whatissueisthestationtryingtodealwith?A.Thatticketsaresoldoutquickly.B.Thattrainsbreakdownontheway.C.Thatmanypassengersmisstheirtrains.20.Whatdoesthespeakerremindthepassengerstodointheend?A.Beawareofbadphonesignals.B.Buyfoodbeforeboardingthetrain.C.Setonlinepaymentmethodsinadvance.〖答案〗17.A18.C19.C20.A【原文】Attention,passengers,it’sthestationmanagerspeaking.Here’sanurgentupdateontoday’strainschedule.The12:30p.m.traintoMelbourneonTrack3willnowleavefromTrack2.Additionally,the2:00p.m.traintoBrisbaneonTrack1hasbeenmovedtoTrack4.There’surgenttrackmaintenanceforseveralstationlines,soourstation’ssafetyofficershavemadethisurgentdecision.Pleasedouble-checkthetracknumberbeforeboardingandcheckthedestinationsigntoconfirmyourtrain.Weunderstandthesechangesbringchallenges,sopleaseallowextratimetobuyticketsandboardtrains.Recently,we’vereceivedmanycommentsthatpassengerscouldn’tcatchtheirtrains.We’redoingeverythingwecantoreducethisproblem.Now,wehaveadditionalguidesinthestationtohelpeveryonefindtheirplatformandtrain.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,don’thesitatetoaskforhelp.Finally,weofferfoodanddrinksonthetrain.Pleasepreparesomecashincaseyouronlinepaymentfails,becausethephonesignalmaydropwhentrainsaretravelingthroughmountainsandcountrysideareas.So,pleasegetpreparedforthatandfindyourwaystokilltimeonthetrain.Thanksforlistening,andthanksforridingAustralianRailways.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AInyearspast,manypeoplewouldtraveloverNewYear’sEveandimmerse(沉浸)themselvesinadifferentculture.Countriesaroundtheworldcelebratethenewyearwithuniquecustomsandtraditionscarriedoutatthecelebration.Japan:EattoshikoshisobaShiwasuistheend-of-the-yearperiodinJapan.TocelebrateNewYear’sEve,peopleeat“year-crossing”soba,whichcansymbolizehavingalongandfortunatelifealongwithacleanbreakfromtheyear.However,wheneatenatmidnight,there’sacertaincrossoftheoldandthenewyear,thusyoucannot“breakoff”alloflastyear’stroublesproperlybutinsteadcarrythemovertothefollowingyear.Russia:Burn,thendrinkyourwishesAfterayearofruineddreamsandcanceledplans,setyoursightsonafreshstartwiththisRussiantradition.Beforemidnight,writedownyourwishesonapieceofpaper,thenlightthepaperonfire.Onceit’sstoppedburning,spreadthewish-filledashesintoaglassofchampagneanddrinkupshortlyaftertheclockcompletesstrikingmidnight.Spain:Eat12grapesPerhapstheeasiesttraditiontocarryoutiseatinggrapesforgoodluck.Whentheclockstartsstrikingatmidnight,eatonewitheachringingsound.Betterifyou’rewearingspecialNewYear’sEveunderwearwhileeatingyourgrapes.Apairofredunderwearcanbringyouanewyearoflove,whileyellowmaybringjoyandfortune.Greece:HangsomeonionsIfyou’vebeencookingthroughoutthepandemic,maybeyouhavesomeonionsaroundthehousetospareforthistradition.InGreece,onionssymbolizerebirth,sopeoplehangthemupontheirdoorsonDec.31toencourageayearofgrowth.KeeptheGreektraditionsgoingbybakingaspecialcakeonNewYear’sDay.Hideacoininthecakeandshareitwithyourlovedones-whoeverfindsthecoinissaidtohaveayearofgoodluck.21.Whereisthepassagemorelikelytobetakenfrom?A.Anewsreport. B.Ascientificessay. C.Atourismbrochure. D.Ahistorybook.22.Whichhasthesymbolicmeaningof“Bornagain”?A.Soba. B.Ashes. C.Grapes. D.Onions.23.InwhichcountrythingsareeatenwhilelisteningtotheNewYear’sbells?A.Japan B.Russia. C.Spain. D.Greece.〖答案〗21.C22.D23.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同国家庆祝新年的独特习俗和传统。【21题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Inyearspast,manypeoplewouldtraveloverNewYear’sEveandimmerse(沉浸)themselvesinadifferentculture.Countriesaroundtheworldcelebratethenewyearwithuniquecustomsandtraditionscarriedoutatthecelebration.(在过去，许多人会在新年前夜旅行，沉浸在不同的文化中。世界各国都有各自独特的习俗和传统来庆祝新年)”和下文中对不同国家庆祝新年独特习俗和传统的介绍可推知，本文更符合旅游手册的特点，旨在为游客提供旅游目的地的文化、风俗等信息。故选C项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Greece:Hangsomeonions部分中“InGreece,onionssymbolizerebirth,sopeoplehangthemupontheirdoorsonDec.31toencourageayearofgrowth.(在希腊，洋葱象征着重生，所以人们在12月31日把它们挂在门上，以鼓励一年的增长)”可知，洋葱象征“重生”。故选D项。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据Spain:Eat12grapes(西班牙：吃12颗葡萄)部分中“Perhapstheeasiesttraditiontocarryoutiseatinggrapesforgoodluck.Whentheclockstartsstrikingatmidnight,eatonewitheachringingsound.(也许最容易完成的传统是吃葡萄以求好运。当午夜钟声敲响时，每听到一声钟声就吃一个)”可知，在西班牙，人们一边听着新年的钟声一边吃东西。故选C项。BCoinedas“deliverymanbyday,poetbynight,”55-year-oldWangJibingearnsalivingasadeliverypersoninJiangsuProvince.Hestartedwritingpoemsonlineinthe2000s,andlaterexpandedtodifferentsocialmediaplatforms.Healsocameunderthespotlightashisnamewasonthe2023listofnewmembersfortheChineseWritersAssociation,igniting(点燃)praiseanddiscussionsamongChinesenetizens.Droppingoutofsecondaryschool,Wangtriedvariousjobstomakealiving,suchasaconstructionworkerandworkingonsandminingboats,aswellasagarbagecollector.Nowasahusbandandafatherofthreechildren,thefinancialburdenonhisshoulderhasbecomeheavierandhisworkschedulehasgottenevenbusier.Yetithasneverstoppedhimfromreadingandwritingroutinelyallhislife.Hispassionforpoetryhasdrivenhimtowriteover4,000poems.Hispoemtitled“PeopleinaHurry”gatheredmorethan13millionviewswithinaweek.Wanggainedinspirationforthepoemfromanunpleasantfooddeliveryexperiencein2019.Becausethecustomermadeamistakewiththeaddress,hehadtorushseveraltimestogetthefooddeliveredontime.Itledtodelayswithotherorders,aswellaspunishmentsandadecreaseinhisearningsforthedelivery.Thegovernmentlatertookactiontotacklethistypeofsituation,demandingdeliveryfirmsbetterprotectdeliveryperson’srights.ThesubjectsofWang’spoemscoverawiderange,includinghismemoriesofhisfamilyandhometown,andhisobservationsofsocietyandlifewhileworkingasalaborerindifferentcities.Duringaninterviewwiththemedia,Wangnotedthatdeliveringfoodallowshimtointeractwithmorepeopleandexperiencemorethings.Thejobhasalsosparkedadeeperunderstandingandempathyforothers.Writingpoetryhelpshimfeelcomfortableandfindpeaceofmind.24.HowisWang’sdailylifenow?A.Heenjoysthepopularityofhispoetry.B.Hewritesatnighttoletgohisdispleasure.C.Hebalanceshisresponsibilitiesandhisdream.D.Hestrugglesinspeakingupforordinarypeople.25.WhatcanweinferfromWang’s2019experienceanditsresult?A.Ordinarypeoplecanachieveagoodliving.B.Ordinarypeople’svoiceisheardbythesociety.C.Ordinarypeople’sideacanbeartfullyexpressed.D.Ordinarypeopleareeagertohaveaspiritualhomeland.26.WhydosomanypeoplereadWang’spoems?A.Hispoemshelppeoplegetmoreinformation.B.Hispoemscareabouttheunfairnessinthesociety.C.Hispoemsarefilledwithmemoriesofhisfamilyandhometown.D.Hispoemsarerootedineverydaylifeofordinarypeople.27.WhichwordcanbetterdescribeWang’sstory?A.Inspiring. B.Surprising. C.Interesting. D.Concerning.〖答案〗24.C25.B26.D27.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名江苏省的快递员王计兵从2000年开始在不同的网络平台写诗，终于在2023年出现在中国作家协会新会员的名单上，引起了中国网民的赞扬和讨论。【24题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Nowasahusbandandafatherofthreechildren,thefinancialburdenonhisshoulderhasbecomeheavierandhisworkschedulehasgottenevenbusier.Yetithasneverstoppedhimfromreadingandwritingroutinelyallhislife.Hispassionforpoetryhasdrivenhimtowriteover4,000poems.”（现在作为一个丈夫和三个孩子的父亲，他肩上的经济负担变得更重了，他的工作日程也变得更忙了。然而，这从未阻止过他一生的日常阅读和写作。他对诗歌的热情驱使他写了4000多首诗。）可知，他在养家的过程中依旧写了许多诗，可得出他平衡了自己的责任和梦想。故选C项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hispoemtitled“PeopleinaHurry”gatheredmorethan13millionviewswithinaweek.Wanggainedinspirationforthepoemfromanunpleasantfooddeliveryexperiencein2019.

(他的诗《匆匆忙忙的人》在一周内获得了超过1300万的浏览量。王吉兵从2019年一次不愉快的送餐经历中获得了这首诗的灵感。)”和“Thegovernmentlatertookactiontotacklethistypeofsituation,demandingdeliveryfirmsbetterprotectdeliveryperson’srights.”（政府后来采取措施解决这类情况，要求快递公司更好地保护快递员的权利。）可知，从2019年的不愉快的送餐经历中王计兵获得了写诗灵感及该诗反映的送餐员困境的现象引起了政府的措施可以看出，普通人的声音可以被社会听到。故选B项。【26题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“ThesubjectsofWang’spoemscoverawiderange,includinghismemoriesofhisfamilyandhometown,andhisobservationsofsocietyandlifewhileworkingasalaborerindifferentcities.”（王计兵的诗歌题材广泛，包括他对家庭和家乡的回忆，以及他在不同城市打工时对社会和生活的观察。）可推知，许多人读王计兵的诗，是因为他的诗植根于普通人的日常生活。故选D项。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Coinedas“deliverymanbyday,poetbynight,”55-year-oldWangJibingearnsalivingasadeliverypersoninJiangsuProvince.Hestartedwritingpoemsonlineinthe2000s,andlaterexpandedtodifferentsocialmediaplatforms.Healsocameunderthespotlightashisnamewasonthe2023listofnewmembersfortheChineseWritersAssociation,igniting(点燃)praiseanddiscussionsamongChinesenetizens.”（55岁的王计兵在江苏省以送货为生，被誉为“白天送货，晚上诗人”。2000年，他开始在网上写诗，后来扩展到不同的社交媒体平台。由于他的名字出现在2023年中国作协新成员名单上，他也受到了关注，引发了中国网民的赞扬和讨论。）可知，王计兵的故事鼓舞人心。故选A项。CItisapracticefavoredbyLenaDunham,TomHanksandLadyGagatoimprovetheirfocusandbringaboutcalmnessinanoftenbusy,distractedworld.Nowresearchershavefoundevidencethatfrequentmeditation(冥想)overseveralyears,mayhelpchangehumangut(肠道),boostthebody’simmune(免疫的)systemandreducetheriskofanxiety,depressionandheartdisease.ThefindingsarepublishedbytheBritishMedicalJournal.Meditationisincreasinglyusedtohelptreatdrugabuse,overwhelmingstress,eatingdisordersandlong-lastingpain.Butuntilnowithasnotbeenclearwhetheritcouldalsobeabletochangethecompositionofthegutmicrobiome(微生物组).Inanefforttofindout,researchersledbytheShanghaiMentalHealthCentreattheShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityanalyzedthestool(粪便)andbloodsamplesof37TibetanBuddhistmonksfromthreetemplesand19residentsintheneighboringareas.TheTibetanmeditationfromtheancientIndianmedicalsystem,isaformofpsychologicaltraining.Themonksinthestudyhadpracticeditforatleast2hoursadayfor3-30years.Bothgroupswerematchedforage,bloodpressure,heartrateanddiet.Stoolsampleanalysisrevealedsignificantdifferencesinthediversityandvolumeofmicrobesbetweenthemonksandtheirneighbors.“Bacteriaenrichedinthemeditationgrouphadapositiveeffectonhumanphysicalandmentalhealth,”theresearcherswrote.“Thischangedgutmicrobiomecompositioncouldimproveimmunefunctioninthebody.”Bloodsampleanalysisalsorevealedthelevelsofmarkersassociatedwithriskofheartdiseaseweresignificantlylowerinthemonks.Theresearchersemphasizedthatthestudywasobservationalandthenumberjoiningwassmall,allmaleandlivingathighaltitude,makingitdifficulttodrawanyfirmorgeneralconclusions.However,basedontheirfindings,theresearcherssaidtheroleofmeditationinhelpingtopreventortreatmentalandphysicalillnessdeservedfurtherresearch.28.Whydomanypeopledomeditationaccordingtothepassage?A.Tobringaboutinnerpeace.B.Tocuresomecertainillnesses.C.Toreducesomeextramovement.D.Tochangethegutmicrobiomecomposition.29.Whatdidtheresearchersanalyzeintheirstudy?A.Stoolandbloodsample. B.Immunesystem.C.Humangut. D.TibetanMeditation.30.Accordingtothestudy,whatcontributedtohumanimmunesystem?A.TheDrugstakenbefore.B.Thereligionpeoplebelongto.C.Theeatinghabitformedalready.D.Thebacteriaproducedinthemeditation.31.Whatisthemajorachievementthestudymade?A.Ittrackedthejoinersoveralongperiod.B.Itexploredthewayhowthebacteriainfluencesthegutmicrobiome.C.Itinvolvedalargesamplesizeofdifferentgenders,agegroups,andareas.D.Itprovidesevidencethatmeditationchangesgutmicrobiomecomposition.〖答案〗28.A29.A30.D31.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冥想对身心有诸多好处，来自上海交通大学的研究人员通过研究表明冥想也能改变肠道微生物组的组成，但因实验样本诸多局限，很难得出任何确切或一般的结论。【28题详析】推理判断题题。由第一段中“ItisapracticefavoredbyLenaDunham,TomHanksandLadyGagatoimprovetheirfocusandbringaboutcalmnessinanoftenbusy,distractedworld.(这是LenaDunham、TomHanks和LadyGaga喜欢的一种练习，可以在一个经常繁忙、分心的世界里提高注意力，带来平静。)”推知，很多人冥想是因为它能带来内心的平静。故选A项。【29题详析】细节理解题。由第二段中“Inanefforttofindout,researchersledbytheShanghaiMentalHealthCentreattheShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityanalyzedthestool(粪便)andbloodsamplesof37TibetanBuddhistmonksfromthreetemplesand19residentsintheneighboringareas.(为了找到〖答案〗，由上海交通大学上海心理健康中心领导的研究人员分析了来自三座寺庙的37名藏传佛教僧侣和邻近地区19名居民的粪便和血液样本)”可知，研究人员在他们的研究中分析了粪便和血样。故选A项。【30题详析】细节理解题。由第二段中“Stoolsampleanalysisrevealedsignificantdifferencesinthediversityandvolumeofmicrobesbetweenthemonksandtheirneighbors.“Bacteriaenrichedinthemeditationgrouphadapositiveeffectonhumanphysicalandmentalhealth,”theresearcherswrote.“Thischangedgutmicrobiomecompositioncouldimproveimmunefunctioninthebody.”(粪便样本分析显示，僧侣和他们的邻居在微生物的多样性和数量上存在显著差异。研究人员写道：“冥想小组中富含的细菌对人类的身心健康有积极影响。”“这种肠道微生物组组成的变化可以改善身体的免疫功能。”)”可知，冥想中产生的细菌对人体免疫系统有贡献。故选D项。【31题详析】细节理解题。由第二段中“Butuntilnowithasnotbeenclearwhetheritcouldalsobeabletochangethecompositionofthegutmicrobiome(微生物组).Inanefforttofindout,researchersledbytheShanghaiMentalHealthCentreattheShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityanalyzedthestool(粪便)andbloodsamplesof37TibetanBuddhistmonksfromthreetemplesand19residentsintheneighboringareas.(但到目前为止，尚不清楚它是否也能改变肠道微生物组的组成。为了找到〖答案〗，由上海交通大学上海心理健康中心领导的研究人员分析了来自三座寺庙的37名藏传佛教僧侣和邻近地区19名居民的粪便和血液样本)”和“Stoolsampleanalysisrevealedsignificantdifferencesinthediversityandvolumeofmicrobesbetweenthemonksandtheirneighbors.“Bacteriaenrichedinthemeditationgrouphadapositiveeffectonhumanphysicalandmentalhealth,”theresearcherswrote.“Thischangedgutmicrobiomecompositioncouldimproveimmunefunctioninthebody.”(粪便样本分析显示，僧侣和他们的邻居在微生物的多样性和数量上存在显著差异。研究人员写道：“冥想小组中富含的细菌对人类的身心健康有积极影响。”“这种肠道微生物组组成的变化可以改善身体的免疫功能。”)”可知，来自上海交通大学的研究人员通过研究得出冥想僧侣比起他们的邻居在微生物的多样性和数量上存在显著差异，冥想中产生的细菌对人体免疫系统有贡献，证实了冥想也能改变肠道微生物组的组成。故选D项。DDoesahappypersonlivelonger?Manystudieshaveconvincedusthathappinessbringsgoodhealth,whichhasresultedinanincreasingdemandforspeakersandproductsencouragingpositivethinking.However,beinghappydoesnotpromisethatoneisgoingtobehealthy.Thereareotherfactorsthatinfluenceone’shealthandlonglifesuchasaperson’sgenesorevenaperson’ssocio-economiccondition.Someresearchevensuggeststhatpositivethinkingcanbedangerous.Positivethinking,whentakentotheextreme,cancauseapersontobeseparatedfromreality.Forexample,apersonwhothinksthatstayinghappyandpositivecanhelphimrecoverfromanillnesslikecancerbutlaterfailstorecoverfromit,mayblamehimselffornotbeinghappy.Inthiscase,positivethinkingmaypotentiallymakethevictimdisregardotherfactors.Sometimesthepursuitofhappinessisevenassociatedwithseriousmentalhealthproblemssuchasdepression.Alltypesofhappinessarenotgoodforuseither.Forexample,pride,apleasantfeeling,cansometimesrobusoftheabilitytoempathizewithothersorunderstandanother’sviewpoint.Thisanti-socialbehaviorcancausepeoplearoundustoturnawayfromus,andthiscould,inturn,makeusfeellonelyanddoharmtoourmentalandevenphysicalhealth.Moreover,unpleasantfeelingscanbebeneficialtoaperson’swell-being.Researchersbelievethatunpleasantfeelingscanhelpusmakesenseofourchallengesandexperiencesinawaythatsupportspsychologicalwell-being.Forexample,ifIhavebehavedbadlytowardsmygoodfriend,thefeelingsofguiltandsadnessmightmotivatemetoapologizeandaskforforgiveness.Therebuildingofabrokenrelationshipcanbealifttoone’smentalwell-being.Intryingtoexperiencehappiness,weshouldrememberthatseekingforhappinessasanendinitselfcanbeself-defeating,anddoesnotnecessarilyleadtobetterhealth.Afterall,onewillsurelyexperiencesetbacksandconflictsinlife.Instead,learningtocopewithnegativeemotionswitharealisticpositiveattitudeiskeytoaperson’sgoodhealth.32.What’sthewriter’sopinioninthispassage?A.Negativethinkingcanbedangerous.B.Stayinghappycanbringgoodhealth.C.Unpleasantfeelingscannotbebeneficial.D.Happinesscannotensureone’sgoodhealth.33.Whencanpositivethinkingbedangerousaccordingtothepassage?A.Whenweuseitwitharealisticattitudetosolveproblems.B.Whenwefocusonitasanonlydeterminantofhappylife.C.Whenwethinkitoneofthenecessaryfactorforgoodhealth.D.Whenwerealizeitmayrobusoftheabilitytounderstandothers.34.Howcanunpleasantfeelingsbebeneficialtoaperson’swell-being?A.Theyrebuildabrokenrelationship.B.Theyleadtoself-reflectionandpersonalgrowth.C.Theyhelpkeeptheproblemsandchallengesaway.D.Theypreventlong-termnegativeeffectsonmentalhealth.35.Whichofthefollowinghasthesimilarmeaningof“anendinitself”?A.Anultimategoal. B.Anindividualplan.C.Afinaldecision. D.Agreatstart.〖答案〗32.D33.B34.B35.A【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章提出了快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康的观点。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况决定是否会健康。学会用现实的积极态度应对消极情绪是一个人健康的关键。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,beinghappydoesnotpromisethatoneisgoingtobehealthy.Thereareotherfactorsthatinfluenceone’shealthandlonglifesuchasaperson’sgenesorevenaperson’ssocio-economiccondition.”（然而，快乐并不能保证一个人就会健康。还有其他因素影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。）可知，文章中作者认为快乐并不能保证一个人的健康。故选D。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Someresearchevensuggeststhatpositivethinkingcanbedangerous.Positivethinking,whentakentotheextreme,cancauseapersontobeseparatedfromreality.Forexample,apersonwhothinksthatstayinghappyandpositivecanhelphimrecoverfromanillnesslikecancerbutlaterfailstorecoverfromit,mayblamehimselffornotbeinghappy.Inthiscase,positivethinkingmaypotentiallymakethevictimdisregardotherfactors.”（一些研究甚至表明，积极思考可能是危险的。当走向极端时，积极的思考会导致一个人脱离现实。例如，一个人认为保持快乐和积极可以帮助他从癌症等疾病中恢复过来，但后来却无法恢复，他可能会责怪自己不快乐。在这种情况下，积极的思考可能会使受害者忽视其他因素。）可知，当我们将积极思考视为幸福生活的唯一决定因素时，积极思考可能是危险的。故选B。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Moreover,unpleasantfeelingscanbebeneficialtoaperson’swell-being.Researchersbelievethatunpleasantfeelingscanhelpusmakesenseofourchallengesandexperiencesinawaythatsupportspsychologicalwell-being.Forexample,ifIhavebehavedbadlytowardsmygoodfriend,thefeelingsofguiltandsadnessmightmotivatemetoapologizeandaskforforgiveness.Therebuildingofabrokenrelationshipcanbealifttoone’smentalwell-being.”（此外，不愉快的感觉可能对一个人的健康有益。研究人员认为，不愉快的感觉可以帮助我们以一种支持心理健康的方式理解我们的挑战和经历。例如，如果我对我的好朋友表现不好，内疚和悲伤的感觉可能会促使我道歉并请求原谅。重建一段破裂的关系可以提升一个人的精神健康。）可知，不愉快的感觉能导致自我反思和个人成长，这有益于一个人的幸福。故选B。【35题详析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“However,beinghappydoesnotpromisethatoneisgoingtobehealthy.Thereareotherfactorsthatinfluenceone’shealthandlonglifesuchasaperson’sgenesorevenaperson’ssocio-economiccondition.

(然而，快乐并不意味着一个人就会健康。还有其他因素会影响一个人的健康和长寿，例如一个人的基因，甚至一个人的社会经济状况。)”可知，快乐不一定会让我们健康，我们不能把追求快乐当作目的。以及二段说到积极思想有时很危险，第三段说不是所有的快乐都对我们有好处，最后一段“Intryingtoexperiencehappiness,weshouldrememberthatseekingforhappinessasanendinitselfcanbeself-defeating,anddoesnotnecessarilyleadtobetterhealth.Afterall,onewillsurelyexperiencesetbacksandconflictsinlife.Instead,learningtocope