广东省信宜市某校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1广东省信宜市某校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题一、单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。1.Theparentspersuadedtheirson________upearly.A.togetting B.getting C.got D.intogetting〖答案〗D〖解析〗考查固定短语。句意：父母说服儿子早起。短语persuadesb.intodoingsth.表示“说服某人做某事”，指通过劝说或游说使某人做某事。故选D。2.Life________manyelements,suchasfamily,friends,study,work,entertainment,andsoon.A.makesup B.isconsistedof C.iscomprisedof D.consistsin〖答案〗C〖解析〗考查动词短语辨析。句意：生活是由许多元素组成的，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。A.makesup构成，形成；B.isconsistedof，由……组成是consistof，不能用于被动语态；C.iscomprisedof由……组成；D.consistsin在于。根据句意可知，设空处为由……组成，故选C。3.________manymassivechallenges,Iprefertodieratherthangiveup.A.Regardlessof B.Though C.Contraryto D.Thanksto〖答案〗A〖解析〗考查介词短语和连词的辨析。句意：尽管有许多巨大的挑战，我宁愿死也不愿放弃。A.Regardlessof尽管，后面接名词，代词或者动名词；B.Though尽管，一般接句子；C.Contraryto相反；D.Thanksto多亏，由于。根据句意可知设空处为尽管，后接的是名词，故选A。4.America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken,________consistsoffriedchicken.A.that B.which C.what D.it〖答案〗B〖解析〗考查定语从句。句意：美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡，它是由炸鸡组成的。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词GeneralTso’schicken是一道菜，因此空格处用which引导定语从句，故选B。5.Hislookwas________becausetheproblemwas________.A.puzzling;puzzled B.puzzled;puzzlingC.puzzling;puzzling D.puzzled;puzzled〖答案〗B〖解析〗考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的表情很困惑，因为这个问题令人困惑。A.puzzling令人困惑的；puzzled困惑的；B.puzzled困惑的；puzzling令人困惑的；C.puzzling令人困惑的；puzzling令人困惑的；D.puzzled困惑的；puzzled困惑的。两空都用形容词作表语，look是表情，用ed结尾的形容词puzzled修饰，意为“困惑的”；problem是问题，用ing结尾的形容词puzzling修饰，意为“令人困惑的”。故选B。6.Atthistimetomorrow,I________thewarmsunshineinHainan.A.willenjoy B.willbeenjoyed C.willbeenjoying D.hadenjoyed〖答案〗C〖解析〗考查时态。句意：明天的这个时候，我将在海南享受温暖的阳光。根据上文Atthistimetomorrow可知，表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，应用将来进行时。故选C。7.Aquarrel________lastSunday,andhe________hisfamily.A.brokeout;brokeawayfrom B.brokedown;brokeoutC.wasbrokeout;brokeawayfrom D.wasbrokedown;brokeout〖答案〗A〖解析〗考查动词短语辨析。句意：上星期天发生了一场争吵，他就离家出走了。A.brokeout爆发；brokeawayfrom脱离；B.brokedown出故障；brokeout爆发；C.wasbrokeout（错误表达）；brokeawayfrom脱离；D.wasbrokedown（错误表达）；brokeout爆发。由Aquarrel可知，争吵是爆发，breakout不能用被动语态，因此第一空是brokeout；由hisfamily可知，在吵了一架后，他脱离了这个家，因此第二空是brokeawayfrom。故选A。8.Hedelayed________herthenews,________fortherightmoment.A.totell;towait B.tobetold;towait C.beingtold;waiting D.telling;waiting〖答案〗D〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：他推迟告诉她这个消息，等待合适的时机。delaydoing是固定短语，意为“推迟做某事”，他推迟告诉她这个消息，不用被动语态，因此第一空是动名词telling；句中谓语是delayed，第二空用非谓语动词，主语He和wait之间是主谓关系，因此第二空用现在分词表主动，作状语。故选D。9.________in1636,Harvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheworld.A.Tofound B.Founding C.Founded D.Havingbeenfounded〖答案〗C〖解析〗考查非谓语动词。句意：哈佛大学成立于1636年，是世界上最著名的大学之一。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Harvard和found之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故选C。10.________seemsstrangetousis________thetroublesomeboyisgettingalongwellwithhisteachersnow.A.It;that B.What;whether C.It;how D.What;that〖答案〗D〖解析〗考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：使我们感到奇怪的是，那个麻烦的男孩现在和他的老师们相处得很好。第一空引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指事情应用what；第二空引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，应用that。故选D。11.Alargequantityofairconditioners________sincethesummercame.A.hassold B.havesold C.hasbeensold D.havebeensold〖答案〗D〖解析〗考查时态语态。句意：自从夏天到来以来，大量的空调已经售出。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文sincethesummercame可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语为Alargequantityofairconditioners，助动词用have。故选D。12.Iwilldo________Icandotohelphim.A.that B.what C.whether D.which〖答案〗B〖解析〗考查宾语从句。句意：我将尽我所能帮助他。“________Icando”是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且意义为“……的事物”，句子表示“我将尽我所能帮助他”，空格处用what引导宾语从句，故选B。13.She________asanactressbeforeshebecameadirector.A.hasworked B.worked C.hadworked D.hadbeenworked〖答案〗C〖解析〗考查时态。句意：在成为导演之前，她曾是一名演员。“shebecameadirector”是一般过去时，因此空格处用过去完成时表示在过去的过去已经完成的动作，因此空格处是hadworked。故选C。14.________thisproblemtomewon’ttakeyoutoolong.A.Explaining B.Toexplain C.Explain D.Explained〖答案〗A〖解析〗考查动名词。句意：向我解释这个问题不会占用你太长时间。空格作主语，陈述一般性情况，用动名词形式。故选A。15.________isverydangerousto________theseviruseswithoutanyprotection.A.That;exposeto B.That;beexposedto C.It;exposeto D.It;beexposedto〖答案〗D〖解析〗考查固定句型和短语。句意：在没有任何保护的情况下接触这些病毒是非常危险的。第一空为句型itbeadj.todosth.，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语；第二空表示“接触”短语为beexposedto。故选D。二、阅读(共两节，满分35分)第一节阅读理解(共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AParisisthemostwooded(树木茂森的)cityinEurope,andaroundonequarterofitsareaistakenupbyparks,gardensandothergreenspaces.JardindesPlantes:over28hectaresThisimpressivebotanicalgardenishometofourmuseums,includingtheNaturalHistoryMuseum,whichhousesavarietyofAfricananimals.Thegardensthemselvesboastthousandsofspeciesofplants.Thisisalovelyplacetorelaxandexplorethebeautifulsurroundings.ParcdesButtes-Chaumont:over24hectaresIfyouwanttogetoffthetouristtrailandhangoutwithtrueParisians,thisparkistheperfectspotforarelaxingpicnicoraleisurelywander.Itisinthe19thdistrictandisoneofthelargestparksinParis.Crossitslakeonthesuspensionbridge,oradmirethewaterfallsandattractivetemples.JardinduLuxembourg:over25hectaresThesebeautifulgardenswerefirstlaidoutin1612asthegardensoftheLuxembourgPalace.Theyincludeageometric(结合图形的)forest,FrenchandEnglishstylegardens,aswellasalargepond.Thereissomuchtoseeanddowithactivitiesespeciallyforchildren,suchasslides,ridesandpuppetshows,aswellasleisureandsportingactivitiesforadults.Thegardensarehometomorethanonehundredsculptures.LeParcdelaVillette:55hectaresThisurbanculturalparkissomuchmorethanjustaparkasitishometonumerousmusicvenues,exhibitionspacesandcafes.Itisalsohometonolessthan12gardens,whichallfollowdifferentthemes.ThePassengerGardens,forexample,whicharebuiltonwhatwasoncethesheepmarket,supportavarietyofecosystems,demonstratingtheimportanceofbiodiversity.16.Whichgreenspaceprobablysuitsstudentswhoareinterestedinbotany?A.JardindesPlantes. B.ParcdesButtes-Chaumont.C.JardinduLuxembourg. D.LeParcdelaVillette.17.WhichisspecialaboutJardinduLuxembourg?A.TheyfeatureAmericanstylegardens. B.TheyarefavoritegardensfortheFrench.C.TheyhouseavarietyofAfricananimals. D.Theyusedtoberoyalgardens.18.WhatcanvisitorsdoinLeParcdelaVillette?A.Visitingmuseums. B.Attendingconcerts.C.Admiringwaterfalls. D.Watchingpuppetshows.〖答案〗16.A17.D18.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了巴黎市内的一些公园、花园和绿地。【16题详析】细节理解题。根据JardindesPlantes这一段“Thegardensthemselvesboastthousandsofspeciesofplants.(花园本身就有数千种植物。)”可知，在JardindesPlantes中有许多植物。即爱好植物学的学生会喜欢这里。故选A项。【17题详析】细节理解题。根据JardinduLuxembourg中“Thesebeautifulgardenswerefirstlaidoutin1612asthegardensoftheLuxembourgPalace.(这些美丽的花园最初是在1612年被设计成卢森堡皇宫的花园。）”可知，JardinduLuxembourg的独特之处在于它曾是皇宫的花园。故选D项。【18题详析】细节理解题。根据LeParcdelaVillette这一段中“Thisurbanculturalparkissomuchmorethanjustaparkasitishometonumerousmusicvenues,exhibitionspacesandcafes.(这座城市文化公园不仅仅是一个公园，因为它是众多音乐场所、展览空间和咖啡馆的家园。)”可知，在这个公园内可以参加音乐会。故选B项。BIbecameawareofmystutter(结巴)whenIwasaround9,inthefourthgrade.Ibegantoseehowotherpeopleviewedme.Whentheteacheraskedthewholeclassquestions,IneverraisedmyhandthoughIknewtheanswer,becauseIknewIwouldstutter.SomekidswouldtellmethatItalkedfunny,askwhyIdidn'ttalknormally,orlaughatme.Assoonasthatstartedtohappen,Ibecamemoreintroverted(内向的).Itwasn'tuntilthesummerof2015,beforefreshmanyearathighschool.Allmyfriendsandmyparentsencouragedmetojointhehighschoolfootballteam.Iowedmuchtothem,especiallyCoachLanewhotaughtmehowtoplayfootball.Hetookthetime-andhadthepatience-toactuallyteachmewhattodo,howtodoitandhowtounderstandtheconceptsofplay.Injunioryear,Istartedmyfirstgameforthehighschoolteam.IhadaverygoodseasonandinJanuary2018,IsignedtheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Theolderweget,themoreofanunderstandingwehaveabouttheworldandotherpeople.SothefirsttimemyteammatesincollegeheardmetalkandheardthatIstuttered,theydidnotsayathing.ThatwasabigdealtomebecauseIwassousedtopeoplemakingcomments.Myteammatesactuallytellmetoslowdownbecausetalkingfastercausesmetostuttermore.It'sreallyhelpedmedevelopconfidence.WheneverIgobackhometoGeorgia,Ivolunteerwithchildrenatmychurch,includingthosewhohavelearningdisabilities.Iliketodothattoinspirethemwithconfidence.IhadconfidenceissueswhenIwasakidbecauseofmystutter,soIjustdon'twantthemtohavetogothroughwhatIdid.Inthefuture,Iwouldliketostartafoundationtogivebacktopeoplewhostutterandcreateaprogramwherekidsallacrosstheworldwhohaveastuttercanhaveasafespace.19.WhydidNOTtheauthorraisehishandinclass?A.Hedidn'tknowtheanswer. B.Hewastooshytospeakinpublic.C.Hewasupsetaboutkids'comments. D.Heshowednointerestinthequestion.20.Whatwasonecauseoftheauthor'sdecisiontoplayfootball?A.Guidancefromcoaches. B.Greatinterestinfootball.C.Expectationsfromparents. D.Encouragementfromfriends.21.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Gratefulandcaring. B.Helpfulandtalkative. C.Athleticandgenerous. D.Confidentandpatient.22.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AnUnconfidentChild B.AnIntrovertedVolunteerC.AnAdmirableCoach D.AnInspiringFootballer〖答案〗19.C20.D21.A22.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己小时候结巴，变得内向。上了高中，在朋友们的鼓励下加入学校足球队。后来在大学，他变得自信，学会了帮助其他人。【19题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“SomekidswouldtellmethatItalkedfunny,askwhyIdidn'ttalknormally,orlaughatme.(一些孩子会说我讲话滑稽，问我为什么不能正常讲话，或者嘲笑我)”可知，作者上课堂上不举手是因为害怕孩子们的评论。故选C。【20题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Allmyfriendsandmyparentsencouragedmetojointhehighschoolfootballteam.(我的所有朋友和我的父母都鼓励我加入高中足球队)”可知，作者加入足球队的一个原因是朋友们和父母的鼓励。故选D。【21题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Iowedmuchtothem,especiallyCoachLanewhotaughtmehowtoplayfootball.(我要归功于他们，特别是教练Lane教我怎样踢足球)”可知，作者很感激朋友和父母，特别是教练。根据第三段“SothefirsttimemyteammatesincollegeheardmetalkandheardthatIstuttered,theydidnotsayathing.(第一次我的大学舍友听我谈话，听我结巴，但是他们没有说什么)”可知，作者对舍友们的理解表示感激。根据最后一段“WheneverIgobackhometoGeorgia,Ivolunteerwithchildrenatmychurch,includingthosewhohavelearningdisabilities.(当我回到家乡Georgia，我在教堂里做志愿者，帮助有困难的孩子们)”可知，作者成为一个乐于助人的人。故作者是一个懂得感恩和乐于助人的人。故选A。【22题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Iliketodothattoinspirethemwithconfidence.Inthefuture,Iwouldliketostartafoundationtogivebacktopeoplewhostutterandcreateaprogramwherekidsallacrosstheworldwhohaveastuttercanhaveasafespace.(我想做志愿者用信心去激励他们。将来，我将建立一个基金会去回馈那些结巴的人，创造一个项目，在这里，全世界的结巴的孩子能有一个安全的空间)”可知，作者通过自己踢足球的经历而变得自信，他将用自己的行动去激励，去帮助更多的说话有困难的孩子。因此D.AnInspiringFootballer(一个鼓舞人心的足球运动员)可以概括全文大意，适合做标题。故选D。CTheAmazonrainforestisasundisturbedaplaceasmostpeoplecanimagine,buteventhere,theeffectsofachangingclimateareplayingout.Now,researchsuggeststhatmanyoftheregion’smostsensitivebirdspeciesarestartingtoevolveinresponsetowarming.Birdsareoftenconsideredsentinel(哨兵)species-meaningthattheyindicatetheoverallhealthofanecosystem-soscientistsareparticularlyinterestedinhowthey’rerespondingtoclimatechange.Ingeneral,thenewshasnotbeengood.Forinstance,a2019reportbytheNationalAudubonSocietyfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsofNorthAmerica’sbirdspecieswillbeindangerofextinctionby2100ifwarmingtrendscontinueontheircurrentcourse.Forthenewstudy,researcherscollectedthebiggestdatasetsofarontheAmazon’sresidentbirds,representing77non-migratoryspeciesandlastingthe40yearsfrom1979to2019.Duringthestudyperiod,theaveragetemperatureintheregionrose,whiletheamountofrainfalldeclined,makingforahotter,dryerclimateoverall.AccordingtothereportonNovember12inthejournalScienceAdvances,36specieshavelostsubstantialweight,asmuchas2percentoftheirbodyweightperdecadesince1980.Meanwhile,allthespeciesshowedsomedecreaseinaveragebodymass,whileathirdgrewlongerwings.Becauseofthestudy’slongtimeseriesandlargesamplesizes,theauthorswereabletoshowthemorphological(形态学的)effectsofclimatechangeonresidentbirds.However,theresearchersthemselvesareunsureandwonderwhatadvantagethewinglengthchangesgivethebirds,butsupposesmallerbirdsmayhaveaneasiertimekeepingcool.Ingeneral,smalleranimalshavealargerrateofsurfaceareatobodysize,sotheydissipatemoreheatfasterthanabiggeranimal.Lessavailablefood,suchasfruitorinsects,indryerweathermightleadtosmallerbodysize.23.Whyarescientistsfondofdoingresearchonbirds?A.Theyhavesmallbodysizes. B.Theyaresensitivetohotweather.C.Theyliveinanundisturbedrainforest. D.Theyareecologicalbalanceindicators.24.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Athirdofspecieshavebeenextinctforadecade.B.36specieslost2%oftheirbodyweighteveryyear.C.Two-thirdsofspeciesshowedaconsiderabledecreaseinweight.D.About26speciesrespondedtoclimatechangewithlongerwings.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Putoff. B.Giveoff. C.Putaway. D.Giveaway.〖答案〗23.D24.D25.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Birdsareoftenconsideredsentinel(哨兵)species-meaningthattheyindicatetheoverallhealthofanecosystem-soscientistsareparticularlyinterestedinhowthey’rerespondingtoclimatechange.(鸟类通常被认为是哨兵物种，这意味着它们表明了生态系统的整体健康状况，因此科学家们对它们如何应对气候变化特别感兴趣。)”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态平衡的指标。故选D。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Forthenewstudy,researcherscollectedthebiggestdatasetsofarontheAmazon’sresidentbirds,representing77non-migratoryspeciesandlastingthe40yearsfrom1979to2019.(在这项新研究中，研究人员收集了迄今为止最大的亚马逊留鸟数据集，代表了77种非候鸟，从1979年到2019年持续了40年。)”以及末句“Meanwhile,allthespeciesshowedsomedecreaseinaveragebodymass,whileathirdgrewlongerwings.(同时，所有物种的平均体重都有所下降，而三分之一的物种的翅膀变长了。)”可知，大约有26种物种长出更长的翅膀来应对气候变化，计算方法是77×1/3≈26。故选D。【25题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词前“butsupposesmallerbirdsmayhaveaneasiertimekeepingcool.Ingeneral,smalleranimalshavealargerrateofsurfaceareatobodysize(但假设较小的鸟类可能更容易保持凉爽。一般来说，较小的动物有较大的表面积与身体大小的比率)”可知，较小动物能很快就凉快下来，是因为它们的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就更快，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与Giveoff（散发）的词义一致。故选B。第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyou’veeverbeenbittenbyamosquito,youknowhowfrustratingtheirbitescanbe._____26_____,creatinganitch(痒)thatonceyoustartscratchingonlyseemstogetworse.Whydoesamosquitobiteitchandwhatcanwedo?Whydoesamosquitobiteitch?Whenamosquitobitesyou,itpiercestheskinusingaspecialmouthparttosuckupbloodandinjectssaliva(唾液)intoyourskin.Mosquitoes’salivahaslotsofproteinsinit,someofwhichourbodyrecognizesasforeign,andourimmunecellsspringintoactiontotrytofightthem._____27_____.It’sactuallythebody’sresponsetotheforeignmosquitoproteinitistryingtofight.That’swhysomepeoplemayonlyhaveamildreactiontobites,whileothers,moresensitivetotheforeignprotein,reactwithlargeareasofswellingthataremorepainful.Whathelpsresisttheurgetoscratch?“Don’tscratch”istheadvicethatmostexpertsandhealthprofessionalsgive.Ashardandsometimesunrealisticasitcansound,scratchinginflames(发炎)theskin,andtheinflammationmakestheskinitchmore.“_____28_____,”warnedDanielMarkowski,technicaladviserfortheAmericanMosquitoControlAssociation,addingthatinextremecases,peoplecanscarthemselves.Instead,therearedozensofcreamsandspraysthatpromiseitchreliefaswellashomeremedy(疗法).Choosewhat’srightforyoucanoftencomedowntotrialanderror.Ingeneral,allofthevariousanti-itchcreamsareverysimilar.Thereisnoscientificevidencetheseremedieswork,andtheycancomewiththeirownprecautionsorsideeffects._____29_____._____30_____Somepeoplecanhaveseriousallergicreactionstomosquitoes,althoughinpracticeitisrare,Vosshallsaid.Ifyouexperienceseveresymptomssuchasbreathingtrouble,youshouldseekmedicalattentionimmediately.A.Whentoseekmedicalattention?B.Whattodowithamosquitobite?C.It’snotthebitethatcausestheitchD.Themoreyouscratch,themoretheyitchE.ThelittleredbumpsswellupalmostimmediatelyF.ScratchingcancausesecondaryinfectionsandprolongtheirritationG.Infact,thebestremedytofighttheitchistopreventabiteinthefirstplace〖答案〗26.E27.C28.F29.G30.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了蚊子叮咬我们时会痒的原因以及怎么应对蚊子的叮咬。【26题详析】根据上文“Ifyou’veeverbeenbittenbyamosquito,youknowhowfrustratingtheirbitescanbe.(如果你曾经被蚊子咬过，你就会知道它们的叮咬是多么令人沮丧。)”和下文“creatinganitch(痒)thatonceyoustartscratchingonlyseemstogetworse.(产生一种瘙痒，一旦你开始抓挠，这种瘙痒似乎只会变得更糟。)”可推断设空处应是被蚊子叮咬后的症状，E选项“这些红色的小肿块几乎立刻就肿起来了”符合题意，承上启下，故选E。【27题详析】根据上文“Whenamosquitobitesyou,itpiercestheskinusingaspecialmouthparttosuckupbloodandinjectssaliva(唾液)intoyourskin.Mosquitoes’salivahaslotsofproteinsinit,someofwhichourbodyrecognizesasforeign,andourimmunecellsspringintoactiontotrytofightthem.(当蚊子叮咬你时，它会用一种特殊的口器刺穿你的皮肤，吸血并将唾液注入你的皮肤。蚊子的唾液中含有大量蛋白质，其中一些蛋白质被我们的身体识别为外来物，我们的免疫细胞会立即行动起来，试图对抗它们。)”和下文“It’sactuallythebody’sresponsetotheforeignmosquitoproteinitistryingtofight.(这实际上是身体对外来蚊子蛋白质的反应，它试图对抗。)”可推知本段在解释为什么蚊子叮咬我们，身体会痒，不是因为被咬就会痒，而是因为身体对蚊子的蛋白质反应，要进行反抗，皮肤才会痒，故C选项“不是被咬了才会痒”符合题意，起到了承上启下的作用，故选C。【28题详析】根据上文““Don’tscratch”istheadvicethatmostexpertsandhealthprofessionalsgive.Ashardandsometimesunrealisticasitcansound,scratchinginflames(发炎)theskin,andtheinflammationmakestheskinitchmore.(“不要挠”是大多数专家和健康专家给出的建议。抓挠听起来很困难，有时也不现实，它会使皮肤发炎，而炎症会使皮肤更痒。)”和下文“warnedDanielMarkowski,technicaladviserfortheAmericanMosquitoControlAssociation,addingthatinextremecases,peoplecanscarthemselves.(美国蚊虫控制协会的技术顾问丹尼尔·马可夫斯基警告说，并补充说，在极端情况下，人们可能会在自己身上留下疤痕。)”可推知丹尼尔·马可夫斯基给出抓挠可能会引起更严重的情况，F选项“抓挠会引起继发感染并延长刺激”符合题意，故选F。【29题详析】根据上文“Ingeneral,allofthevariousanti-itchcreamsareverysimilar.Thereisnoscientificevidencetheseremedieswork,andtheycancomewiththeirownprecautionsorsideeffects.(一般来说，各种各样的止痒霜都是非常相似的。没有科学证据表明这些疗法有效，而且它们可能有自己的预防措施或副作用。)”可知本段主要说明要怎样去止痒，并且说明止痒霜也不是很有效，由此推断下文应该是给出更有效的止痒方法，G选项“事实上，止痒最好的方法就是首先防止被咬”，符合题意，故选G。【30题详析】设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Somepeoplecanhaveseriousallergicreactionstomosquitoes,althoughinpracticeitisrare,Vosshallsaid.Ifyouexperienceseveresymptomssuchasbreathingtrouble,youshouldseekmedicalattentionimmediately.(Vosshall说，有些人可能对蚊子有严重的过敏反应，尽管实际上这种情况很少见。如果出现呼吸困难等严重症状，应立即就医。)”可知本段主要讲述的是被蚊子咬后需要就医的情况，A选项“什么时候需要就医?”，符合本段主旨，故选A。三、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。LastFriday,Emma,my11-year-old,decidedtothankourlocalmailmanDoug,fortheserviceheprovidesforus.Usually,aletterfromherislikelyto____31____someart,ajokeortwo,amentionofheryoungerbrother,hercat…So,inhernotetoDoug,she____32____nothingout.“Dearsir,I’mEmma…Thankyoufortakingmylettersand____33____them.Youarevery____34____tome.Imakepeoplehappywithmyletters,butyoudo,too.”Emmawrote.Thatafternoon,Dougtookitwhenshesmiling____35____itwhichwasenoughtohim.Saturday,Doug____36____atourhousewithathank-younote.Thentwodayslater,anunexpectedpackage,fullof____37____andlettersfromDoug’scolleaguesinUSPS____38____withhimagain.Toouramazement,theselettersaresodeeplyhuman,filledwithfamily____39____,pets…andanoverwhelmingsenseof_____40_____.ATracywrote“Yourletter_____41_____madeadifference!Notmanyunderstandhowhardwework…”Another,“Iworkalonehere.Andyou_____42_____meofmysonofyourage…”SomeMichael,toinspireEmmatostartcollectingstamps,evensenttwospecialonesfromhis_____43_____whiletherestweremailedforhertowritebackortoothers.Withdozensof_____44_____pen-pals,Emmadidwhatshedoesbest.Shewrotethedad.Shewrotehisson…Shesharedhertimetogiveotherstheonethingtheyneedtobewell-human_____45_____.31.A.enjoy B.provide C.include D.admire32.A.gave B.left C.work D.pick33.A.delivering B.reading C.protecting D.receiving34.A.honest B.polite C.important D.familiar35.A.returned B.handed C.accepted D.mailed36.A.cameout B.gotoff C.sloweddownD.showedup37.A.flowers B.toys C.notes D.stamps38.A.arrived B.traveled C.disappeared D.went39.A.photos B.hobbies C.books D.jokes40.A.kindness B.humor C.justice D.duty41.A.hardly B.slightly C.mildly D.really42.A.inform B.convince C.remind D.warn43.A.collections B.workplaces C.colleges D.friends44.A.strange B.familiar C.new D.close45.A.nature B.connection C.life D.contribution〖答案〗31.C32.B33.A34.C35.B36.D37.D38.A39.B40.A41.D42.C43.A44.C45.B【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艾玛给一名邮递员写信，表达自己的感谢并分享自己的生活，她收到了邮递员及他同事们的回信，他们的信中也分享了自己的生活和感受，信与信的交流充满了善意和人情味。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常，她的一封信可能会包括一些美术，一两个笑话，提到她的弟弟，她的猫……A.enjoy享受；B.provide提供；C.include包括；D.admire钦佩。根据句中“someart,ajokeortwo,amentionofheryoungerbrother,hercat”可知，“一些美术，一两个笑话，她的弟弟和她的猫”是她信中经常包括的内容。故选C项。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，在给Doug的信中，她没有遗漏任何内容。“亲爱的先生，我是艾玛……谢谢你拿走我的信并把它们送出去。你对我来说非常重要。我用我的信让人们感到高兴，但你也一样。”艾玛写道。A.gave给；B.left遗留，忘了带；C.work工作；D.pick挑选。根据上一句“Usually,aletterfromherislikelytosomeart,ajokeortwo,amentionofheryoungerbrother,hercat…”可知，艾玛在信中写了很多内容，由此可知，她没有遗漏任何内容，“leaveout”意为“遗漏”。故选B项。【33题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，在给Doug的信中，她没有遗漏任何内容。“亲爱的先生，我是艾玛……谢谢你拿走我的信并把它们送出去。你对我来说非常重要。我用我的信让人们感到高兴，但你也一样。”艾玛写道。A.delivering递送；B.reading阅读；C.protecting保护；D.receiving收到。根据句中“decidedtothankourlocalmailmanDoug”可知，Doug是当地的邮递员，由此可知，他负责递送信件。故选A项。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，在给Doug的信中，她没有遗漏任何内容。“亲爱的先生，我是艾玛……谢谢你拿走我的信并把它们送出去。你对我来说非常重要。我用我的信让人们感到高兴，但你也一样。”艾玛写道。A.honest诚实的；B.polite有礼貌的；C.important重要的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据句中“Thankyoufortakingmylettersand____them.”可知，Doug把艾玛写的信送了出去，由此可知，他对艾玛来说非常重要。故选C项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天下午，当她微笑着递给他信时，Doug接过了它，这对他来说已经足够了。A.returned返回；B.handed递，交；C.accepted接受；D.mailed邮寄。根据句中“Dougtookit”可知，，Doug接过了信，由此可知，艾玛把信递给了Doug。故选B项。【36题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：星期六，Doug带着一封感谢信出现在我们家。A.cameout出版；B.gotoff下车；C.sloweddown减速；D.showedup出现。根据句中“withathank-younote”可知，Doug带来了一封感谢信，由此可知，他出现在我们家。故选D项。【37题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：两天后，一个意想不到的包裹，里面装满了来自美国邮政Doug同事的邮票和信件，再次和他一起到达。A.flowers花；B.toys玩具；C.notes便条；D.stamps邮票。根据下文“SomeMichael,toinspireEmmatostartcollectingstamps,evensenttwospecialonesfromhis_____whiletherestweremailedforhertowritebackortoothers.”中的“stamps”可知，迈克尔给艾玛寄了邮票，由此可知，里面装满了来自美国邮政Doug同事的邮票和信件。故选D项。【38题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两天后，一个意想不到的包裹，里面装满了来自美国邮政Doug同事的邮票和信件，再次和他一起到达。A.arrived到达；B.traveled旅行；C.disappeared消失；D.went去。根据上文“Saturday,Doug____atourhousewithathank-younote.”可知，Doug来送过一次感谢信了，由此可知，他带着同事的信再次到达我们家。故选A项。【39题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们惊讶的是，这些信件是如此的有人情味，充满了家庭爱好、宠物……以及巨大的善意。A.photos照片；B.hobbies业余爱好；C.books书；D.jokes笑话。根据句中“theselettersaresodeeplyhuman”可知，这些信件是如此的有人情味，由此可知，信中介绍了写信人的家庭爱好等。故选B项。【40题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们惊讶的是，这些信件是如此的有人情味，充满了家庭爱好、宠物……以及巨大的善意。A.kindness善良；B.humor幽默；C.justice公平；D.duty责任。根据句中“theselettersaresodeeplyhuman”可知，这些信件是如此的有人情味，由此可知，信中充满了巨大的善意。故选A项。【41题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：特蕾西写道：“你的信真的很重要！没有多少人理解我们有多努力工作……”A.hardly几乎不；B.slightly轻微地；C.mildly温和地；D.really真正地。根据句中“Notmanyunderstandhowhardwework…”可知，没有多少人理解邮递员有多努力工作，但艾玛理解，由此可知，艾玛的信对邮递员真的很重要。故选D项。【42题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一个人写道，“我一个人在这里工作。你让我想起了我和你同龄的儿子……”A.inform通知；B.convince说服；C.remind使想起；D.warn警告。根据句中“Iworkalonehere.”可知，这个人独自在外工作，思念家人，由此可知，艾玛的信让他想起了和艾玛同龄的儿子。故选C项。【43题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个叫迈克尔的人为了激励艾玛开始收集邮票，甚至从他的收藏中寄出了两张特别的邮票，而其余的则邮寄给她回信或给其他人写信时用。A.collections收藏品；B.workplaces工作场所；C.colleges学院；D.friends朋友。根据句中“toinspireEmmatostartcollectingstamps”可知，迈克尔想激励艾玛开始收集邮票，由此可知，他从他的收藏中寄出了两张特别的邮票给艾玛。故选A项。【44题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了几十个新笔友，艾玛做了她最擅长的事。A.strange奇怪的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.new新的；D.close亲密的。根据上文“fullof_____andlettersfromDoug’scolleaguesinUSPS”可知，这些信来自美国邮政Doug的同事，艾玛并不认识，由此可知，他们是艾玛的新笔友。故选C项。【45题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她分享了自己的时间，给了其他人一件他们需要的事情，那就是建立良好的人际关系。A.nature天性；B.connection联系；C.life生活；D.contribution贡献。根据上文“LastFriday,Emma,my11-year-old,decidedtothankourlocalmailmanDoug,fortheserviceheprovidesforus.”可知，艾玛的信分享了自己的生活，表达了自己的感谢，与人们进行沟通，加强了人与人之间的联系，由此可知，她的信帮助人们建立良好的人际关系。故选B项。四、语篇填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或者括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将〖答案〗写在答题区相应的横线上。In1872,a12-year-oldChineseboy___46___(board)ashipheadingfortheUSA.Hewouldbeawayfromhisparentsforthenextnine___47___(year).ThisyoungboywasZhanTianyou,___48___wasdestinedtoplay___49___majorroleinthedevelopmentofChina’srailroads.ZhanTianyouwasoneofthefirst30boys____50____(choose)tobepartoftheChineseEducationalMission(CEM),whichhadbeenfoundedbytheChinesegovernmentatthetime___51___thegoalof___52___(help)Chinatodevelopandstrengthenthrougheducation.___53___wasnoteasy,however,torecruit(招募)30boyswhoseparentswerewillingtopartwiththeirsonsforfifteenyears,whichwasthe____54____(origin)planoftheCEM.Severalyearslater,ZhanTianyoureturnedtoChina,andin1888,he___55___(final)builtarailroadsysteminChina.〖答案〗46.boarded47.years48.who49.a50.chosen51.with52.helping53.It54.original55.finally【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是詹天佑的生平和主要成就。【46题详析】考查时态。句意：1872年，一个12岁的中国男孩登上了一艘开往美国的船。由In1872可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填boarded。【47题详析】考查名词的复数。句意：在接下来的九年里，他将离开父母。空前有nine，空格处用复数，故填years。【48题详析】考查定语从句。句意：这个小男孩就是詹天佑，他注定要在中国铁路的发展中发挥重要作用。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词ZhanTianyou是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。【49题详析】考查冠词。句意：这个小男孩就是詹天佑，他注定要在中国铁路的发展中发挥重要作用。playamajorrolein是固定短语，意为“在……中发挥重要作用”，因此空格处用a，故填a。【50题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：詹天佑是首批入选留美幼童计划（CEM）的30名男孩之一。CEM是当时中国政府成立的，目的是通过教育帮助中国发展和加强。句中谓语是was，空格处用非谓语动词，boys和choose之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填chosen。【51题详析】考查介词。句意：詹天佑是首批入选留美幼童计划（CEM）的30名男孩之一。CEM是当时中国政府成立的，目的是通过教育帮助中国发展和加强。“(help)Chinatodevelopandstrengthenthrougheducation”是留美幼童计划的目的，withthegoalof是固定短语，意为“怀着……的目标”，因此空格处是with，故填with。【52题详析】考查动名词。句意：詹天佑是首批入选留美幼