（湖北专用）高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测（十五）阅读理解之科普类

专题限时检测(十五)阅读理解之科普类(共3篇，限时24分钟)A(2014·合肥第三次教学质量检测)ScientistsinUKhavegrownalivinghuman“brain”.TheteamatAstonTheybelieveitcouldhelpfindacureforworsementalconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.ProfessorMichaelColemanisleadingtheresearchprogram.Heexplained，“Weareaimingtobeabletostudythehumanbrainatthemostbasiclevel,usinganactuallivinghumancellsystem.Cellshavetobealiveandoperatingefficientlytoenableustoreallyunderstandhowthebrainworks.”Theexperimentinvolveschangingcellsfromacancertumour(肿瘤)andmakingthembehavelikebraincells.Althoughfarfromfinished,researchershopethefalsebraincellswillgivethemagreaterunderstandingofhowrealbrainswork.This,inturn,couldsignificantlyfurtherresearchintoconditionswhichaffectthebrain.NeilHunt,chiefleaderoftheresearchgroup,said，“Itisstillveryearlydays,butinthefuturetheresearchcouldleadtoausefultoolforlookingintodementia(痴呆)．”ThetechniquecouldalsoprovideawaytocarryonanimaltestandisbeingsupportedbytheHumaneResearchTrust(HRT).Thescientistspredictthatoverthenexttenyearsamillionpeoplewilldevelopdementia.ProfessorColemanbelievestheirfindingscouldchangethis.Hesaid，“Wehopeourresearchwillprovidescientistswithanewandhighlyrelationalhumanexperimentalmodeltohelpthemunderstandthebrainbetteranddevelopnewdrugstocontroltherelateddisease.However,thebiggestchallengeatpresentisthatwearegreatlyshortoffund,whichwillslowourresearch.”1．UKscientistsgrowalivinghuman“brain”inorderto________.A．studythestructureofhumanbrainB．makeuseoflivinghumancellsystemC．discoverhowhumanbrainreallyworksD．separatecellsfromacancertumour2．AccordingtoNeilHunt,researchintobraincells________.A．willgetfinishedasearlyaspossibleB．willmakepeoplediscoverdementiaC．willaffectthebraingrowthinmanywaysD．willhelptotreatsomediseasesinnervesystem3．Fromthelastparagraph,wecanknowthat______.A．thetechniqueprovidedbyHRTisimmatureB．animaltestsarenolongerallowedbylawC．amillionpeoplesufferfrombraindiseasesD．theresearchprogramlacksfinancialsupport4．Thetextisintendedto________.A．tellusaboutabreakthroughinmedicalresearchB．introducearesearchprograminhuman’sbrainC．introducetheprogressofdrugsfordementiaD．tellusabouthealthprobleminnervesystemB(2014·天门高三质检)High­techglassesdevelopedatWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louismayhelpsurgeonsvisualizecancercells,whichglowbluewhenviewedthroughtheeyewear.Cancercellsarenotoriouslydifficulttosee,evenunderhigh­poweredmagnification.Theglassesaredesignedtomakeiteasierforsurgeonstodistinguishcancercellsfromhealthycells,helpingtoensurethatnotumorcellsareleftbehindduringsurgery.“We’reintheearlystagesofthistechnology,andmoredevelopmentandtestingwillbedone,butwe’recertainlyencouragedbythepotentialbenefitstopatients，”saidbreastsurgeonJulieMargenthaler,MD,anassociateprofessorofsurgeryatWashingtonUniversity.“Imaginewhatitwouldmeaniftheseglassesgotridoftheneedforfollow­upsurgeryandtheassociatedpain,inconvenienceandanxiety.”Currentstandardofcarerequiressurgeonstoremovethetumorandsomeneighboringtissuethatmayormaynotincludecancercells.Thesamplesaresenttoapathology(病理)labandviewedunderamicroscope.Ifcancercellsarefoundinneighboringtissue,asecondsurgeryisoftenrecommendedtoremoveadditionaltissuethatisalsocheckedforthepresenceofcancer.Theglassescouldreducetheneedforadditionalsurgicalproceduresandfollowingstressonpatients,aswellastimeandexpense.Margenthalersaidabout20to25percentofbreastcancerpatientswhohavelumpsremovedrequireasecondsurgerybecausecurrenttechnologydoesn’tadequatelyshowtheextentofthediseaseduringthefirstoperation.“Ourhopeisthatthisnewtechnologywillreduceorideallyeliminatetheneedforasecondsurgery，”shesaid.InastudypublishedintheJournalofBiomedicalOptics,researchersnotedthattumorsassmallas1mmindiameter(thethicknessofabout10sheetsofpaper)couldbedetected.RyanFields,MD,aWashingtonUniversityassistantprofessorofsurgeryandsurgeonofAlvinJ.SitemanCancerCenter,planstoweartheglasseslaterthismonthwhenheoperatestoremoveamelanomafromapatient.Hesaidhewelcomesthenewtechnology,whichtheoreticallycouldbeusedtovisualizeanytypeorcancer.“Alimitationofsurgeryisthatit’snotalwayscleartothenakedeyethedistinctionbetweennormaltissueandcanceroustissue，”Fieldssaid.“WiththeglassesdevelopedbySamuelAchilefu,PhD,professorofWashingtonUniversity,wecanbetteridentifythetissuethatmustberemoved.”5．Theultimategoalofdevelopingthenewtechnologyis________.A．todistinguishcancercellsfromhealthyonesB．toinspirehopeforlifeincancerpatientsC．tomakesurenocancercellisleftbehindD．toreducetheriskofcancersurgery6．Theunderlinedword“eliminate”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto________.A．meet B．removeC．feel D．resist7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheglassesaredevelopedbyRyanFieldsandSamuelAchilefu.B．Theglassesglowbluewhenfindingtissuesincludingcancercells.C．Tumorsassmallas1cmindiametercouldbedetectedbytheglasses.D．Muchremainstobedonebeforethetechnologycanbewidelyused.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Specialglasseshelpsurgeons“see”cancerB．AnewtechnologyhasbeenusedinsurgeryC．PatientswillbenefitfromanewtechnologyD．CancerisnolongerathreattopeopleC(2014·南京师大附中高三模拟)Consumerelectronicsonceagaintoppedthelistofthemostwantedgiftsthisholidayseason.“Seventy­sixpercentofconsumerswhoplantobuyholidaygiftssaythattheywillspendmoneybuyingatleastonetechnologyproduct;definitelyasolidvoteofconfidencefortechnology.”SteveKoenigiswiththeConsumerElectronicsAssociation.Hesaysthegroup’slatestresearchalsoshowsthatAmericansthisyeararespendingmoreontechnologyproducts.“Herein2012，$252onaverage—thetechnologyspendforconsumersthisyear.”Fromtabletcomputerstosmartphones,Americanshoppershavebeenlininguptogetthenewestandcoolestelectronicdevicesonthemarket.Therearemorechoicestodaythaneverbefore.“It’skindofhardtomakeadecision.”Tabletcomputersareoneofthebest­sellingproductsthisyear.BrianTongisSeniorEditorofCNET.com.Thewebsitereportsontechnewsandexaminesthelatestelectronicproducts.HesaystheAppleiPadMiniisoneofthemostpopulartablets.Itsstartingpriceis$329.OneofApple’sbiggestcompetitorsistheGoogleNexus7.Itstartsat$199.“Thehardwareinsideismorepowerfulthanwhat’sintheiPadMini,butalsoitoffersyoualotofthingslikemapsthatworkbetterthanApple’smaps.”BrianTongsaysthereisonereasonwhypeoplemayliketheiPadMinimorethantheNexus7.“IfyoujustwanttoreadbooksandsurftheInternet,youdon’treallyneedtogetaniPadMini,butifyouwantthelargestgroupofappsthat’swheretheiPadandApple’secosystemshinesthemost.”ElmanChaconiswiththeelectronicsstoreBestBuy.Hesaysanotherhotproductthisseasonissmartcameras.TheyconnecttotheInternetthroughWi­Fi.Thismakesiteasyforuserstoemailoruploadphotographsdirectlyfromthecamera.“Youcanliterallytakeapicture,uploaditintoyourFacebookinamatterofseconds.Thesethingsareprettycoolbecausetheydoalotofthings.”StreamingmediaboxesalsoconnecttotheInternet.PeopleareabletowatchwebcontentsuchasmoviesandYouTubevideosontheirtelevisions.Anotherpopularitemiswirelessspeakersystems.ThenewestonesworkwithanydevicethathasBluetoothtechnology,includingsmartphones,laptopsandtablets.WiththegrowingpopularityofInternetshopping，manyconsumerswillvisitastorefirsttolookataproduct，andthengoonlinetofinditatalowerprice.StoreslikeBestBuyunderstandthatandtheywanttostaycompetitive.“Wehavesomethingcalledtheperfectmatchpromisewhichmeansifyoubuyacertaindeviceandyoufinditcheaperwithin30dayswe’llgoaheadandpricematchthatforyou.”ElmanChaconsaid.9．AccordingtoBrainTong，________.A．theApple’siPadMiniismoresuitableforenthusiasticreadersB．thehardwareiniPadMiniismoreadvancedthanthatinNexus7C．Nexus7hasfewerappsthaniPadMiniD．iPadMiniismoreeco­friendly10．Ifyou’vediscoveredthatacertaindeviceyouboughtatBestBuyismoreexpensivethanoneatanotherstore，________.A．youaresuretogetdoubletheamountyoupaidB．youcanreturnthedeviceandgetyourmoneybackC．thestorewillreturnthepricedifferencesD．thestorewilllowerthepricewithin30days11．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestgiftforacabdriver?A．Smartcameras.B．Streamingmediaboxes.C．Wirelessspeakersystems.D．Tabletcomputers.答案语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类说明文。主要介绍了英国科学家们正在进行培养脑细胞的实验，希望通过这样的实验能更好地理解人类大脑结构，从而帮助人们治疗一些脑部疾病。1．选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Weare...thebrainworks.”可知，他们希望通过这样的研究试验来理解人脑是如何工作的。故选C。2．选D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Itisstill...dementia(痴呆)．”可知，现在研究尚处于初期，但将来可能会成为研究痴呆疾病的有效手段。故选D。3．选D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“However,thebiggest...ourresearch.”可知，现在研究最大的问题是缺少资金。故选D。4．选B写作意图题。本文属于科普类说明文，主要介绍了英国科学家们正在进行培养脑细胞的实验，希望通过这样的实验能更好地理解人类大脑结构，从而帮助人们治疗一些脑部疾病。故选B。语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国的学者发明了一种可视眼镜，能够清楚地“看见”癌细胞，而且这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下任何癌细胞，避免患者再次做手术。5．选C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“helpingtoensurethatnotumorcellsareleftbehindduring