第3讲 并列句和状语从句 学案 高考英语一轮复习

并列句和状语从句一．并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见并列连词：1.表示并列：and,notonly…but(also)…,both...and...,neither…nor…等2.表示选择：or,either…or…,not...but...等3.表示转折：but,yet,while（“而，却”，表示对比）等e.g.Helikespopmusic,whileIamfondoffolkmusic.4.表示因果：so,for二．状语从句由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、目的、结果、地点、比较等。（一）时间状语从句表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till/until,not…until,since,once,assoonas(或themoment),nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…,bythetime,everytime等引导。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.Itis/hasbeenfouryearssincethewarbrokeout.注意事项：1.nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…结构中，than与when引导的从句谓语用一般过去式，主句谓语用过去完成式，此外，当把nosooner与hardly/scarcely提到句首时，从句应用倒装语序。Eg:Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.2.not…until句型中的倒装用法Eg:Notuntilhegotseriouslyilldidherealizetheimportanceofhealth.（notuntil置于句首，主句要部分倒装）3.since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……以来，从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态通常是现在完成时Eg:IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2015.（二）原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的常用连词是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）,seeingthat（因为，由于，鉴于）,consideringthat（鉴于，考虑到）等。because意为“因为”，语气强烈，表示事情发生的直接原因，常用来回答why的提问。Eg：Nowthatyou’vegrownup，youmustlearntostandonyourownfeet.你既然已经长大成人，就得学会独立生活。（三）条件状语从句if，unless，so/aslongas，incase(万一)，onconditionthat（条件是），supposing/suppose(that)等都可以引导条件状语从句。条件状语从句要注意“主将从现”的用法。unless意义上等于ifnot，在应用时如果没把握可以用ifnot替换一下，讲得通的话，才能使用unless。You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。（四）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif/though（尽管，即使）,while,whether...or...（不管...还是...),whatever,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引导。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.注意事项：1.although/though都可与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。2.although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Eg:Childasheis,heknowsalot.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.nomatterwho(what，when，which，how等)引导让步状语从句时，相当于“who(what，when，which，how等)＋-ever”，表示“无论何人(什么，何时，哪个/些，怎样等)”。Eg：Hekeepstakingexercisenomatterhow(however)colditis.Whateverwork(Nomatterwhatwork)wedo，weshoulddoourbest.（五）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as,asif/though（好像）等引导。（asif/though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气；但若从句中陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气）e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Shetreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.（六）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的连词词（组）是：sothat,inorderthat,incase（以防，以免）,forfearthat（唯恐，生怕）,lest（以免，免得）等。（注意：sothat与inorderthat引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，inorderthat引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后；incase,forfearthat与lest引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用（should+）动词原形，它们本身带有否定意义。）Eg：Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanallhearyou.Inorderthatwegetthereontime，weshouldsetoutearly.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.（七）结果状语从句(1)so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词/副词,形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数,many/much/few/little少＋,名词))＋that从句Eg：Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.(2)such＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(a/an＋形容词＋可数名词,单数,形容词＋可数名词复数/,不可数名词,alotof/lotsof＋名词))＋that从句Eg：Heissuchalearnedpersonthatwealladmirehimverymuch.＝Heissolearnedapersonthatwealladmirehimverymuch.注意：当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。Eg：SoanxiousamIthatIcan’tsleepuntildeepintothenight.sothat也可以引导结果状语从句，从句中往往没有情态动词，而且主从句之间常用逗号隔开。Eg：Hedidn’tobeythecontract，sothathewasfined.（八）地点状语从句where意为“在某个地方”；wherever意为“无论在哪里”。Youcansitwhereveryoulike.你喜欢坐哪儿都可以。（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句常用than,so/as…as,the+比较级…,the+比较级…等引导。e.g.Ihavemademoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1．在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.We’llgooutifitdoesn’traintomorrow.I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2．有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(itis)necessary,I’llexplaintheproblemtoyouagain.练习1.(2021新高考Ⅰ,62)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs.

2.(2020新高考Ⅰ,57)Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobiguntiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.

3.(2020新高考Ⅱ,62)Eachvolumeinthesetexploresawiderangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.

4.(2019全国Ⅱ,67)Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhavemadeovertheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,becauseIwantto.”

5.(2020新高考Ⅱ,60)TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumesaimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.

6.(2019全国Ⅱ,62)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.

7.(2019江苏,21)Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.

16.(2017北京,28)Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.

8.(2018江苏,23)Self-drivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.

9.(2018北京,5)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

10.(2017全国Ⅰ,70)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

11.(2017浙江,64)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.

12.(2020北京,3)Oliversaysifyou'reluckyenoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemyoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.

13.(201