Unit1ArtDiscoverUsefulStructures动词不定式作表语讲义高中英语人教版选择性

选必三Unit1Grammar动词不定式（todo）(短语）作表语一、结构动词不定式可以放在be,bee,sound,taste等系动词后面作表语。二、用法1、动词不定式作表语，表示主语的内容和目的。主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划、任务的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,dream,aim,goal,intention,hope,plan,ambition,decision,以及what引导的主语从句等。有时，根据表达的需要，在作表语的不定式前，还可添加疑问词，包括what,who,how,when,where等。例如：Theproblemwashowtobegin.Eg：1.MygoalinthetermistoimprovemyEnglish.2.Herdreamistobeadmittedto/intoakeyuniversity.3.WhatIwanttodonowistoexpressmythanksforyoutooffermethejob.4.Ourdifficultyatpresentishowtofindthesolution.注意：不定式在作表语时，当前面的主语中有do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to。1.Whatyoushoulddonextis(to)helphimwithhisEnglish。2.Theonlythinghecandonowis

(to)giveup

theplan.2、当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或者主语被only/first/one/least或形容词最高级修饰时，系动词后可接不定式作表语。Eg：Allhewantedwastobeleftalone.他只想一个人待着。TheleastIcandotohelpistolendheracar.我所能帮的最起码的事是借给她一辆车。主语+be+todo表示将来/命令/禁止/注定发生/应该做。

1.PresidentBidenistovisitourcountry.（将来）

2.Thisnaughtyboyistostayhereuntilclassisover.(命令）3.Thedriveristoblamefortheaccident.（应该做）

4.Ifyoudon'tstudyhard,youaretobealoser.（注定发生）

5.Thebooksarenottobetakenoutside.（禁止）4、todo+be+todo平行结构。1.Toseeistobelieve.2.Toliveistolearn,tolearnistobetterlive.3.Toworkistoearnaliving4.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.三、动词不定式作表语和ving作表语的区别1.动词不定式和ving作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为ving，则表语也应使用ving；若主语为动词不定式，则表语也应使用动词不定式。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.动词不定式和ving作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外:ving表示的动作是较为抽象的、习惯性的、经常发生的，而动词不定式通常表示一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作；eg：Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.Hisjobistopaintthewallswithintwohours.Hisjobispaintingthewalls.填空练习

1.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromaseriousdiseasewas_______(live)everydaymerrily.2.WhatIwouldsuggestis_______(put)offtheoutgoingduetotheterribleweather.3.TheonlythingIcandois_____________(concentrate)onmystudy.

4.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.5.Allhewantedafteratiringdaywas_______(leave)alone.6.Thepurposeofthisraceis___________(inspire)usstudentstopaymoreattentiontophysicalexercise.(2020.全国I卷)7.Myaimis________(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.8.Thepresentsituationseems______________(improve)daybyday.9.Yourhardworkis________________(reward)inthefuture.10.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.11.Theboywas(blame)forwhathehaddone.12.Oneofthemostdamagingthingsaparentcoulddowas(punish)theirchildrenforpoormarks.13.Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto(bee)monformanyyoungpeopleinrecentyears，it’snotwithoutacost.14.Anotherwaytohi