英语构词法在高考中的应用

./英语构词法在高考中的应用本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用与转化2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量考情分析：1.Wedranktogetherandtalked_____<merry>tillfarintothenight.<07高考>2.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir<nature>course.<08高考>3.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__<choose>oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.<09高考>4.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_______<warm>,andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.<10高考>考点精讲：Friendshipschangeasourneedsandlifestyleschange.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.英语构词法主要有三种方法：一．.合成<Compounding>:由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg.house<房子>+wife<妻子>housewife<家庭主妇>二.转化<Conversion>:由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water<n.>水water<v.>浇水三.派生<Derivation>:通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happyunhappy加前缀一般不改变原词的,只改变其。happyhappiness加后缀改变了原词的一．合成法：…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…Whatdoestheword"shoplifter"mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工注意：请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。1.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.2.Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.3.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswerethehighlightofthoseterribleendlessyears.转化法：Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelprizes.<08高考〕触类旁通：feedcauseuseflynativemajormailemptycheatfree派生法〔重点〕：前缀否定前缀：il-im-in-ir-dis-mis-un-non-请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。balanceconcernactivepatientpossibleunderstandlegalluckypoliteregularagreeusehonestadvantagestopsmokerfair请找出下列单词的前缀,并讨论前缀所含意义retellrepayantiaircraftoversleepoverlooksupermancoeducationsubwaysubtitleinternationalinterviewenlargetransport归纳：巩固练习：1…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat"sheisa12-year-oldgirl."couldreallybeanoldman.Whatdoestheword"mispresent"mean?A.MakingawrongjudgmentaboutB.UnderstandingsomebodywronglyC.GivingawrongdescriptionofD.Formingawrongopinionabout2….Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaspecialpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.3….Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbetransplanted.Itisquitedifficulttoconnectaneyeballtoanewbrain…后缀常见的名词后缀A:表示人的后缀：B:其它常见的后缀：技巧点拨：动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接或动名词,如果所给单词是其它词类,就要将其改为,并注意名词数的变化。动词,名词,形容词时都有可能会考否定形式,一定要根据语境来判断。<1>His<careful>resultedintheterribleaccident<2>Hewasoneofthe<visit>whothoughthighlyofTom,theirguide.2.常见的形容词后缀-al;–an;–ern;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-ful;-less–ly;-ous表示具有…的性质,或与…有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,foolish,native,rainy,careless,careful3.常见的副词后缀:-ly表示方式,程度:freely,happily-ward<s>表示方向:westwards技巧点拨：动词前后、形容词前后可有,这时,如果所给词为形容词,则需将其变为副词。如果所给词为名词或动词,可先将其变为形容词,再加后缀-ly。另外,在答题时还要考虑副词级的变化。名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语,连系动词后接形容词作表语。如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。如：<1>Thelittlegirlis<extreme〕eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.<2>What,sthe<length>riverintheworld?<3>The<strength>webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.4.动词后缀:-fy<使…化>;-ize<使…成为>;–en<使…〕写出下列单词的动词形式。beautymoderndeeprichrealquick技巧点拨：动词是句子的灵魂,在确定语法填空的答案时,要考虑句子中是否有谓语动词,如果谓语动词,需将所给词通过加前缀或后缀变成动词。两个en含有使动用法:en-〔enrich>-en<widen>易错点1.Nowadaysmostaircraftflyhighly.Theycanwatchlivelybroadcastballgamesathome.3."Wereallydidverywell,"criedthefairy,inapleasingvoice,"forIfoundlittleunhappinessamongthechildrenthismorning.强化训练1.Inaword,tosavetimeis_________<long>life.tolengthen2.BeforethetripIthoughtwewererichbuttodayIlearntwhois_____<true>rich.3.Theracegaveagreatdealof________<please>.<惠一调>4.Itwashisninthyearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasfullof_____<angry>.<惠二调>5..andviruses,soI’mverycarefulnottogiveoutmy_________<person>information.<惠三调>6.Withthistheboygotupandwalkedaway,leavinghisfathersittingontheircomfortablesofa,totally_________<speech>.<广一模>7.MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy<appreciate>Idecidedtogetherapresent.<XX二模>8..…<fortunate>,IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest.<09XX二模>9..Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit_________<patience>.〔深一模〕10.."Thirty-fivecents,"shesaid<rude>.〔09深一模〕11..Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto<understand>them.12.…youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe<entertain>field.<惠一模>13.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat__________<contribute>toChinawiththeirwork.〔XX二模〕14.．Thestormdamagedseveral_________<new>builtbuildings,…<XX二模>15.．Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery<benefit>.Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…<四校联考>16.….theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______<excite>footballmatch.〔XX一模〕解题心得小结：介词,冠词,所有格后接_____；形容词修饰_____；副词修饰____________________熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性注意1.在做语法填空时,一定要善于根据上下文分析句子结构,句子成分,平时要多积累相关的单词,熟悉其词性,并利用好构词法等技巧。2.最后,要检查一遍,大小写问题,单复数问题,字母是否缺漏,单词是否要双写〔e.g.runner〕不断地通过分析句子来检验自己的答案。3.平时注重培养：阅读、理解语篇的能力；分析句子结构的能力；熟练运用语法的能力。实战演习<1>Ihated<1>__________<wait>forherforhourswithout<2>______<know>whenonearthshewouldcome.Onher<3>__________<arrive>,shewouldalwayshuggedme,promisingnevertobelateagain.Iusedtostareatherin<4>__________<angry>,tellingherfranklythather<5>__________<arrive>latemademeangryandthatIwantedtoendour<6>__________<relate>.However,sheneverseemedtobe<7>__________<angrily>.Shetoldmethatshealwaysthoughtofmeasoneofherbest<8>__________<friendly>andifIlefther,thatwouldbeasevere<9>_________<punish>toher.Finallywereachedan<10>_________<agree>thatwewouldstillbegoodfriends,butshemustn,tbelateagain.<2>Annwalkedoutofthechemicalfactory,annoyedather1<pleasant>interviewwithJack,thevicegeneralmanagerofthefactory.Annwastoldthefactoryhadbeenpouringwastewaterdirectlyintotheriver,makingthewater2<suit>todrink.Annthoughtitwasherdutyto3<close>thematterandhaditreportedinthenewspaper.Shealsothoughtitwas4<responsible>〖JP3〗forthefactorytodoso.Jackthoughtitwas5<proper>and6<legal>forAnntoreportthewholethinginpublicwithouttellingtheminadvance.However,Annregardeditmostimportanttoensuretheresidentsnearthefactorytodrink7<pollution>water.ShetoldJackifhisfactorykeptonpollutingtheriver,hewassuretoanswerforwhathehaddoneoneday.<3>Itwasa<1>_________<snow>winterSunday.Janesatinher<2>_________<gloom>room,staringatthetelephone<3>________<sad>,waiting<4>_______<eager>foraphonecallherunclepomisedherifhecouldmanagetofindherajob.Itwasalmost11o,clock,butthephonestillremained<5>__________<silence>.Sheoncetoldherselfthatherunclecoulddonothingtohelpherandshethoughtshehadsome<6>__________<predict>poweraboutsuchkindofthings.However,shestillfeltit<7>__________<bear>whensheassumedherpredictioncametrue,soshecouldn,thelpweeping.Justthen,thetelephonerang.Itwasheruncle,tellingherthemanagerofhiscompanyagreedtogiveherachancebecausehethoughtJanewasa<8>__________<compete>girltodotheworkwell.ImaginehowhappyJanewasatthegoodnews.〔4〕Aftertheengineerwaitedfortwohourstohavetheplan<1>_______<approve>,hewalkedoutofthemayor,sofficeintothenarrowstreet,thinkingthattheadministrativeformalitiesmust<2>_______<simple>tomakethingseasier,thenarrowstreetsofthecityshould<3>__________<wide>andanothertheatershouldbebuilt<4>_______<rich>people,slifeafterwork.Moremoneyshouldbespend<5>__________<industry>thecity.Besidesitwasimportant<6>_________<deep>and<7>________<wide>theriversothattherewouldbelessflood.Justthen,hesmeltadelicioussmelloutofarestaurantandherealizedhehadn,thadanythingfortenhours.Hethensaidtohimself,"WhyshouldIthinkofallthis？AmIthemayor？ThemostimportantthingIshoulddonowistoeatsomething."He<8>__________<quick>hisstepstowardstherestaurant.〔5〕Eachofusfailsfromtimetotime.Ifwearewise,weacceptthese<1>__________<fail>asanecessarypartofthelearningprocess.Butalltoooften<2>__________parentsandteacherswedonotallowourchildrentohavethesameright.Weconveyeitherbywords<3>__________byactionsthatfailureissomethingtobeashamedof,andthatnothingbuttopperformancemeetswithour<4>__________<approve>.WhenIseeachildsubjecttothiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewasashy,nervousperfectionist.Hisfearoffailure<5>__________<keep>himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.Heseldomansweredquestionsforfearthathewouldbewrong.Heseldomfinishedhisworkbecauseherepeatedlycheckedwithmetobesurehehadn,tmadea<6>__________<mistaken>.Itriedmybesttobuilduphisself-confidence.AndIrepeatedlyaskedGodfor<7>__________<direct>.Butnothingchangeduntilmidterm,<8>__________MaryAnne,ayoungstudentteacher,wasappointedtoourclassroom.Shewasyoungandpretty,andshelovedchildren.Manystudents,Donnie<9>__________<include>,adoredher.Withher<10>__________<encourage>,Donniebecameconfident.〔6〕Afathersatathisdesklookingatandcarefullystudyinghis1<month>billwhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced,"Dad,becausethisisyourbirthdayandyouare55yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou55kisses,oneforeachyear!"Butthefatherexclaimed,"Oh,Peter,don’tdoitnow.I’mtoobusy!"Theboyimmediatelyfell2<silence>astearsrolleddownfromhisbigblueeyes.3<apologize>thefathersaid,"Youcanfinishlater."Theboysaidnothingbut4<quiet>walkedaway,5<disappoint>writtenoverhisface.Thateveningthefathersaid,"Comeandfinishthekissesnow,Peter!"Buttheboydidn’trespond.6<fortunate>,theboyhadanaccidentandwasdrowned.Hisheartbrokenfatherwrote,"IfonlyIcouldtellhimhowmuchIregretmy7<thought>wordsandcouldbeassuredthatheknowshowmuchmyheartisaching."Loveisatwo-waystreet.Anylovingactmustbe8<warm>acceptedoritwillbetakenas9<reject>andcanleaveascar.Nothingismore10<importance>thanrespondingwithlovetothecryforlovefromthosewhoarenearandprecioustous.英语构词法在高考中的应用参考答案：考情分析1.merrily2.natural3.choice4.warmly考点精讲：合成法转化法派生法词性词义词性一．A1.生死悠关的；2.实事求是的做白日梦的现实的3.最精彩的部分二．名词动词遗愿三．imbalanceunconcerninactiveimpatientimpossiblemisunderstandillegalunluckyimpoliteirregulardisagreemisusedishonestdisadvantagenonsmokernonstopunfairre-再,anti-反对,反抗over-太多的,在之上,super-