Unit4SpaceExploration单元语法学案高中英语人教版

Unit4SpaceExploration重点1动词不定式作定语教材原句①...on12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtoenterspace.······1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。（不定式短语toenterspace作定语，修饰thefirstperson）［P40］②However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了很多悲伤和沮丧，但对探索宇宙的渴望没有消失。（不定式短语toexploretheuniverse作后置定语，修饰desire）［P41］不定式作定语一般情况下置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。①主谓关系被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者。He'salwaysthefirstpersonoftheteamtoputforwardthesolutiontotheproblem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题的解决方案的人。2动宾关系被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者。Shelookedforsomeinterestingnovelstoread.她找了一些有趣的小说来读。特别注意当“不及物动词的不定式＋介词”作定语时，该短语与其所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，此处的介词不可省略。Hecanfindnoonetotalkwith.他找不到可以交谈的人。③部分抽象名词后常接不定式作后置定语。常见的该类名词有：time、way（方法）、chance、opportunity、ability、ambition、attempt、courage、effort、decision、failure、plan、desire等。Thevoluntaryservicegivesyouachancetochangelives，includingyourown.志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括（改变）你自己的生活。Youshouldgrasptheabilitytosolvetheplexproblems.你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。④当被修饰词是thefirst、thesecond、thelast、theonly、thebest或被这些词修饰时，常接不定式作后置定语。He＇dalwaysbethefirsttooffertohelp.他总是第一个愿意帮忙的人。Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国女性。5不定式常在therebe句式中作定语，修饰主语。Therearemanyinterestingthingstoseethere.那里有许多有趣的东西可以看。⑥动词不定式作后置定语可以表示“动作将要发生”的含义。Theairporttobepletednextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。重点2动词不定式作状语教材原句①Spaceexplorationhasealongway,andwenowhopetodiscoverotherplanetsthataresuitableenoughtosupportlife.太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，我们现在希望能发现其他适合生命生存的行星。（动词不定式短语tosupportlife作结果状语）[P40]②Today,scientistsdesignvehiclestocarryastronautsintospacetomakeimportantdiscoveries.今天，科学家们设计将航天员送入太空的飞行器，以作出重要的发现。（动词不定式短语tomakeimportantdiscoveries作目的状语）[P40]①作目的状语，相当于inordertodo／soastodo（soastodo不能放在句首）Inorderto/Tofinishthetaskaheadofschedule,thebossmeanttoemployanotherthreeworkers.为了提前完成任务，这位老极打算再招三个工人。Youshouldlearnfrompastmistakessoasto/inorderto/toavoidfallingintothesameoldtrapagain.你应该从过去的错误中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。作结果状语动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：（1）so．．．astodo／such＋n．．．．astodo太······以至于Hewasdrivingsofastastogethimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehewaslikelytolosecontroloverhiscar.他开得太快了以至于使自己陷入危险境地，很可能让汽车失控。Heissuchafoolastobelievethem.他太傻了以至于相信了他们。（2）表示出乎意料的结果，常与only、never等连用。Hearingtheboy'scry,thefarmersrusheduphilltohelp，onlytobetolditwasajoke.听到男孩的哭声，这群农民冲上山去帮忙，却被告知这是一个玩笑。Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.她出国了，再也没回来。（3）too．．．todo太·······以至于不能Whenquestionedbythemedia,hewastoonervoustosayanything.面对媒体的提问，他紧张得说不出话来。（4）．．．enoughtodo足够······做某事Thegirlwasluckyenoughtogetatrainticket.这个女孩足够幸运，抢到了一张火车票。作原因状语sb+be+adj.+tododo”结构中，动词不定式作原因状语，形容词通常是angry、delighted、excited、glad、pleased、sorry、surprised等表示情绪的词。Hewassorrytohavedoneherharm.他很抱歉伤害了她。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Hecame___________(show)mehisnewsciencebook.

2.OurEnglishteacherhasmanyways______________(make)herclassinteresting.

3.Thedoctorsarebusydoingwhattheycan___________(save)thedyingman.

4.Theoldmanwastooangry________(say)aword.

5.Hegotupearly__________(catch)thebus.

6.HehurriedtothestationtoseeTomoff,only________(find)hehadalreadyleft.

7.Hehasalotofwork_______(do)everyweekend.

8.Theyarelookingforaroom________(live)in.

9.Ihavenochance_________(go)sightseeingwithsomuchworktodo.

10.Heputhisphotosonitforeveryone__________(look)at.

Ⅱ.根据提示完成句子1.Heistheteacher___________________.

他是下学期教我们英语的老师。2.Ihavenothing____________________.

我对这问题没什么可说的。3.Thewholefamilywenttobeach_____________________.

全家人去海滩度周末。4.Weshallbeveryhappy_________________________________.

我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。5.Thenextplane__________isfromNewYork.

下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。6.Heisalways_______________andlasttoleavetheoffice.

他总是第一个到办公室,最后一个离开。7.Thereareenoughchairsfortheguests____________.

有足够的椅子给客人坐。8.Wearedelighted____________thatyou’regoingtovisitusnextmonth.

很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。9.Theteais________________.

这茶太热了,不能喝。10.Heliftedarockonly______________________.

他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。Ⅲ.语法填空Ioncefoundthathelpingsomeonecouldgetyouintoalotoftrouble.Iwasinthe1.________(nine)gradeatthetime,andwewerehavingafinaltest.Duringthetest,thegirl2.________(sit)nexttomewhisperedsomething,butIdidn’tunderstand.FinallyIfoundthatshewastryingtoaskme3.________Ihadanextrapen.Sheshowedmethat4.________(her)wasoutofinkandwouldnotwrite.Ihappenedtohaveanextraone,soIputitonherdesk.

Later,afterthetestpapershadbeenturnedin,theteacher5.________(ask)metostayintheroomwhenalltheotherstudentsweredismissed.Assoonaswewerealoneshebegantotalktomeabouthowimportantitwas6.________(stand)onmyowntwo7.________(foot)andberesponsibleformyownacts.Foralongtime,shetalkedabouthonestyandemphasizedthefactthat8.________peopledosomethingdishonest,theyarereallycheatingthemselves.ShemademepromisethatIwouldthink9.________(serious)aboutallthethingsshehadsaid,andthenshetoldmeIcouldleave.Iwalkedoutoftheroomwonderingwhyshehadchosentotalktome10.________allthosethings.

Lateron,IfoundoutthatshethoughtIhadcheatedinthetest.李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想,请根据语境和提示完成对话。Zhang:I1.___