2021新高考英语一轮复习课时作业1必修1Friendship

课时作业1FriendshipⅠ.阅读理解AThemanwhoinventedtheWorldWideWeb30yearsagoiscallingformajorchangestomakeitbetterforhumanbeings.InanopenletterpublishedonTuesday,Berners­Leenotedthat30yearsafteritsinvention,thewebisusedbyhalfoftheworld'spopulation.Berners­Leesaidthewebhadclearlycreatedgreatopportunitiesforhumanstoprogressandhadmadelifeeasierformillionsofpeople.Ithasalsogivengroupstraditionallynotheardanewvoiceinsociety.However,headdedthatthewebhadalsoprovidednewwaysforcheatstomitcrimesandgivenavoicetothosewhospreadhate.“Againstthebackgroundofnewsstoriesabouthowthewebismisused,it'sunderstandablethatmanypeoplefeelafraidandunsureifthewebisreallyaforceforgood，”hewrote.Berners­LeecreatedagroupcalledtheWorldWideWebFoundation.Itencouragesgovernments,paniesandcitizenstogetmoreinvolvedinshapingthewebtodomoregoodforhumans.Hisactualplaniscalledthe“Contract(契约)fortheWeb”．Underthiscontract,governmentsarecalledontotakestepstomakesureallcitizenscanconnecttotheInternetandthatpeople'sprivacyiswellprotected.Businessesareaskedtokeepnetcostslowsothatmanypeoplecanusetheweb.Inaddition,paniesshouldrespectprivacyanddeveloptechnologiesthataimtoputpeoplefirst.Theplanalsocallsoncitizenstocreatematerialsforthewebandworkwithotherstomakesurethereisrichandhigh­qualityinformationforeveryone.Inaddition,citizensshouldseektobuildstrongmunitiesthatrespectcivildiscourse(话语)andhumandignity.“ThepathtomakingtheInternetbetteristheresponsibilityofeveryonewhousesit，”Berners­Leesaid.“Makingbigchangeswillnotbeeasy,butwillbeverywellworthitintheend，”headded.本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在互联网发明30年之际，互联网创始人Berners­Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类。1．WhatdidBerners­Leeintendtodo?A．TocallforthereformoftheInternet.B．TorecalltheprocessofinventingtheInternet.C．TowarnpeopleaboutthedangeroftheInternet.D．Tocorrectpeople'smisunderstandingabouttheInternet.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的ThemanwhoinventedtheWorldWideWeb30yearsagoiscallingformajorchangestomakeitbetterforhumanbeings.可知，Berners­Lee想号召大家对互联网进行改革。2．Whichofthefollowingaregovernmentsadvisedtodo?A．OffercitizensfreeaccesstotheInternet.B．ImprovetheInternet'savailabilityandsafety.C．DeveloptechnologiestoimprovetheInternet.D．Educatecitizensontheprotectionoftheirprivacy.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的．..governmentsarecalledontotakestepstomakesureallcitizenscanconnecttotheInternetandthatpeople'sprivacyiswellprotected.可知，政府应确保所有公民都能上网，并保证他们的隐私，也就是提升网络的可用性和安全性。3．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．PlanningonImprovingtheWebB．EnjoyingtheBenefitsoftheWebC．FillingtheWebwithPositiveMaterialsD．WorkingTogethertoMaketheWorldBetter答案：A解析：主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了互联网创始人Berners­Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类，故可知答案。BThetonguehaslongbeenknowntodetect(辨别)whethersomethingtastessweet,sour,saltyorbitterthankstocellsthatcarrytastereceptors(受体)—proteinsthatinteractwithparticularmolecules(分子)infood.Butnowitseemsthatthetonguemighthavemorestrengththanpreviouslythoughtwhenitestodeterminingflavor,withresearchersshowingtastecellsalsobearsmell­detectingproteins.Expertssaidthefindingsmakepeoplequestiontheideathatthetasteoffoodanditssmellaredetectedseparatelyinthemouthandthenose,andareonlybinedinthebraintoproduceanoverallimpressionofflavor.Instead,theysaid,itmightbethatsmellmoleculesalsotouchoffaresponseinthemouth,forexamplebychangingataste.However,theteamnotedthattheresultsdonotweakentheimportanceorroleofthenoseinpickingupapleasantsmell.“Iamnotsayingthatifyouopenyourmouth,yousmell，”saidDrMehmetHakanOzdener,wholedtheresearch.But,headded,thefindingsopenupthepossibilityofusingsmelltotrickusintohealthiereating.Forexample,addingaverylowconcentrationofasmelltofoodcanmakeusthinkitissweeterthanitactuallyis,thusreducingtheneedforsugarandhelpinghandlethelargeaccumulationoffat,whichmayleadtodiseases,suchasobesityanddiabetes.“Thisisauniquechance，”saidOzdener.InthejournalChemicalSenses,Ozdenerandhiscolleaguesreporthowtheyfirstusedmicetoflagthepositionofolfactory(嗅觉)receptors,showingtheydoturnupontastecells.Theresearchersthenturnedtohumantastecells,findingtheycontainproteinsknowntobeimportantinothercellsthatcandetectsmell.Theteamdiscoveredthathumantastecellsrespondtofragrances,eventhoughtheconcentrationofthesethingsisbelowthelevelnecessarytotouchoffatasteresponse.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了舌头不仅可以辨别味道，也可以发现气味。4．Whatcanweknowaboutthetongue?A．Itlackspowerfulsmell­detectingproteins.B．Itdeterminessmellsbecauseoftastereceptors.C．Itsfunctionswerenotfullyunderstoodpreviously.D．Itsstructureisnotasplexasitwasthoughtbefore.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Thetonguehaslongbeenknowntodetect...Butnowitseemsthatthetonguemighthavemorestrengththanpreviouslythought...可知，人们以前并未完全了解舌头的功能。5．Itcanbeinferredthatthestudyresults________.A．makeiteasierforpeopletofinddeliciousfoodB．maybeappliedtohelppeopleloseweightC．mayhelppositiontheolfactoryreceptorsD．stillneedmoreevidencetoprove答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段．..openupthepossibilityofusingsmelltotrickusintohealthiereating...thusreducingtheneedforsugarandhelpinghandlethelargeaccumulationoffat.可推知，这个研究结果可能会被应用于帮助人们减肥。6．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howdoesourtongueinteractwithournose?B．Ourtonguecanrecognizevarioustastes.C．Howcantonguecellsfunction?D．Ourtonguecanalsodetectsmells.答案：D解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段可知，本文主要讲了舌头也可以发现气味。Ⅱ.完形填空IunderstoodChineseculturesonlyseenonTVandinbooksbutonlymadelittleheadwaylearningChinese.__1__，itdidnotmatter.Thepatience,generosityand__2__ofstrangersleftmepleasantlysurprisedwithBeijing.IrarelyneededChinese.Onmybirthday,forexample,Iwas__3__inthecity.EveryoneIknewwasoutoftown,soIdecidedto__4__adayofitmyself.Iwentshopping.Afterthreehappyhours,Iwentconfidentlyuptothecounterandforaminute,I__5__everyonespokeEnglish.Butafter__6__myitems,thewomanbehindthecounterspokeinChinese,andallIcoulddowasstare__7__.Ithoughtshewasaskingcashorcard,soIpulledoutsomenotes,butshe__8__herhead.Westoodthereforafewminutes__9__anothercashiersaid,“Acoupleofyourpurchasesarepartofthesaleandcannotbeexchangedor__10__oncebought.”Anotherday,IwenttothepolicestationasIhadlostmywalletina__11__land.Duringthat20­minutetalk,Irealizedtheeagernessand__12__ofpeople.SpeakinginamixofChineseandEnglish,theyoungpoliceofficerdidallhecouldtoputme__13__.Heknewthatasforeignerswewerenervousatthepolicestation,sohesmiledandspoke.Intheend,theproceduretookacoupleofhoursandthewalletdidnot__14__anymore.Ihadmadeafriend.Therearemany__15__andunforgettablememoriesofgettingbywithoutChinese,butperhapswithoutthefriends'help,Beijingmaynothavebeensoeasytonavigate.本文为一篇记叙文。本文介绍了作者在汉语说不好的情况下也能在中国生活得很好，这都是因为周围有耐心的、慷慨的、热心的人帮助他。1．A.Lastly B．ThusC．Instead D．However答案：D解析：A项意为“最后”；B项意为“因此”；C项意为“相反”；D项意为“然而”。根据上文“IunderstoodChineseculturesonlyseenonTVandinbooksbutonlymadelittleheadwaylearningChinese.”和本句中的“itdidnotmatter”可知，作者只懂在电视和书本上看到的中国文化，但学习汉语却没有什么进展。然而，这没有关系，此处表示转折关系，应用however。2．A.warmth B．effortsC．sacrifice D．promise答案：A解析：A项意为“温暖”；B项意为“努力”；C项意为“牺牲”；D项意为“诺言”。根据上文中的“Thepatience,generosity”可知，陌生人的耐心、慷慨和热情让作者对北京感到惊喜。3．A.still B．aloneC．only D．even答案：B解析：A项意为“仍然”；B项意为“独自”；C项意为“唯一，仅仅”；D项意为“甚至”。根据下文中的“EveryoneIknewwasoutoftown”可知，作者独自生活在城市里。4．A.do B．needC．make D．plan答案：C解析：A项意为“做”；B项意为“需要”；C项意为“使得”；D项意为“计划”。根据上文中的“EveryoneIknewwasoutoftown”可知，作者决定自己痛快地玩一天。makeadayofit意为“痛痛快快玩一天”。5．A.realized B．recognizedC．assumed D．guaranteed答案：C解析：A项意为“意识到”；B项意为“识别”；C项意为“假设”；D项意为“保证”。根据下文中的“everyonespokeEnglish”及语境可知，作者假设每个人都说英语。6．A.examining B．showingupC．assessing D．ringingup答案：D解析：A项意为“检查”；B项意为“出现”；C项意为“评估”；D项意为“响起，将(款项)输入现金出纳机”。根据下文语境可知，作者走到柜台处，将自己的物品扫码。7．A.helplessly B．poorlyC．quickly D．patiently答案：A解析：A项意为“无助地”；B项意为“贫乏地”；C项意为“迅速地”；D项意为“耐心地”。根据上文中的“thewomanbehindthecounterspokeinChinese”可知，作者无助地盯着她看。8．A.waved B．shookC．nodded D．hung答案：B解析：A项意为“挥动”；B项意为“摇晃”；C项意为“点头”；D项意为“悬挂”。根据上文中的“Ithoughtshewasaskingcashorcard,soIpulledoutsomenotes”及语境可知，作者以为柜员是在问现金还是信用卡结账，所以作者拿出些纸币，但是这个柜员摇摇头。9．A.after B．asC．unti