定语从句中关系代词课件-高三英语一轮复习

关系代词引导的限制性定语从句定语从句定义定语（Attributive）定语是对名词或代词加以修饰或限定的部分。定语通常由形容词担任，也可以由名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语形式或从句充当。定语从句定语从句是起定语作用的从句，为形容词性从句，用来限制、描绘或说明主句中的某个名词或代词，有时也说明整个主句或主句中的一部分。被定语从句修饰、指代的对象叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。如：Ican’tfindthemagazinethat/whichisborrowedfromthelibrary.(主语)ThemanwhomyousawjustnowismyEnglishteacher.(宾语)关系代词1.关系代词that和which

(1)that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。that在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如：Iamgoingtoseeafriendthat/whohasjustcomebackfromBeijing.Thisisthenovel(that/which)Vincentwroteforthecompetition.1.关系代词that和which

(2)which用于指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如：Thetallbuildingwhichisbythelakelooksbeautiful.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.1.关系代词that和which

(2)which用于指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。如：Thetallbuildingwhichisbythelakelooksbeautiful.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.下列情况只用that

不用which：下列情况只用that不用which：①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；下列情况只用that不用which：④先行词被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是)，thelast修饰；⑤先行词中既有人也有物；⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。只用which不用that的情况只用which不用that的情况①关系代词前有介词时，如：Isthisthehouseinwhichtheoldprofessorwasborn②先行词为that，且指物时，如：What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar③which用作定语时，如：Tommaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.2.关系代词who,whom和whose2.关系代词who,whom和whose(1)who和whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语(常可省略)。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.ProfessorWangistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutintheoffice.2.关系代词who,whom和whose(2)whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指人时相当于ofwhom,指物时相当于ofwhich。如：DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisAnderson=DoyouknowthemanthenameofwhomisAndersonWeliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.=Weliveinahousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.3.关系代词as3.关系代词as关系代词as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中常作主语、宾语或表语，通常有such，thesame，asmany，asmuch等修饰其先行词。如：SuchbooksasIhavereadareclassicalworks.Theteachersetsuchadifficultproblemasnoneofuscouldsolve.

way表示方法、方式作先行词4.当way表示方法、方式作先行词时,后面的定语从句可以用that或inwhich引导,也可以省略关系词。如果定语从句中缺少宾语时，要用that或which引导,也可以省略关系词。如：Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohismother.Theway(that/which)wejusttalkedaboutwasquitesimple.关系代词总结关系代词指代所作成分是否可省that人、物主语、宾语作宾语可省which物主语、宾语作宾语可省who人主语、宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose人、物定语不可省as人、物主语、宾语、表语不可省当堂练习用适当的关系代词填空1.Theboy

hairisgoldenisfromtheUnitedStates.2.Iwanttofindaperson

canhelpmelearnEnglish.3.Thisistheonlyroad

leadstothetopofthemountain.4.Thewomanwith

Iwentismyaunt.5.Bobb