Robert-Frost-罗伯特-弗罗斯特

RobertFrostborninSanFranciscodiedinBostonRobertFrost(1874--1963)

ContentsLifeStoryWorksTwoPoemsSuccessAbroadAboutpoemLifeStory

1874born1885fatherdied,familymovedtoLawrenceMassachusetts1892graduatedfromLawrenceHighSchool.attendedDartmouthCollegefortwomonths,thenworkedatvariousjobs1894soldhisfirstpoemMyButterfly,AnElegy《我的蝴蝶：一首挽歌》for$15.proposedmarriagetoElinorMiriamWhite1895gotmarried1897-1899attendedHarvardUniversity(leftforillness)1900motherdiedsoonlater,unseccessfulfarm--EnglishteacheratNewHampshire'sPinkertonLifeStory1912familymovedtoEngland1913publishedABoy'sWill1914

publishedNorthofBoston1915returnedtoAmerica(WWI).boughtfarm,launchedthecareerofwritingteachingandlecturing1924193119371943four-timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize.

普利策奖1961wasinvitedtoreadhispoemTheGiftOutright《全心全意的奉献》(attheinaugurationofJohnF.Kennedy(firstAmericanpoet)1963diedinBostonTragedyandDepressionDaughters:

LesleyandIrma--unhappymarriagesandpainfuldivorces;Irmawasatonepointcommittedtoamentalhospital,asFrost'ssisterhadbeensomeyearsearlier.Marjorie--sufferingfrompneumonia肺炎,apericardiacinfection心包感染,chronicappendicitis慢性阑尾炎andnervousexhaustion神经衰弱.diedin1934,Son:InOctober1940

Carol

committedsuicideWife:InMarch1938

Elinorherselfdiedofheartdisease.SuccessAbroadgainedinternationalreputation.

ABoy'sWill

(1913)and

NorthofBoston(1914),receivedover40honorarydegrees,includingonesfromPrinceton,OxfordandCambridgeuniversities,andwastheonlypersontoreceivetwohonorarydegreesfromDartmouthCollege.

Afour-timewinnerofthePulitzerPrize.

普利策奖1924forNewHampshire:APoemWithNotesandGraceNotes1931forCollectedPoems1937forAFurtherRange1943forAWitnessTree1961readTheGiftOutrightattheinaugurationofJohnF.Kennedy(greatesthonor)Atthetimeofhisdeath,FrostwasregardedasakindofunofficialpoetlaureateoftheUnitedStates非官方桂冠诗人Aboutpoem诗分为两大类：抒情短诗与戏剧性较强的叙事诗。抒情诗主要描写了大自然和农民，尤其是新英格兰的景色和北方的农民。这些诗形象生动，具有很强的感染力，深受各个层次的读者喜爱。叙事诗一般风格消沉，表达诗人思想和性格中阴郁的一面。诗歌风格最大的特点是朴实无华，涵义隽永，寓深刻的思考和哲理于平淡无奇的内容和简洁朴实的诗句之中。Hebelievesthatmanisaloneintheworld,andthingshappenneitherforgoodnorforevil,buttheysimplyoccur.Hence,makingchoicesandkeepingsteadfastarethesolutionstothepredicamentoflife.

Froststandsatthecrossroadsofnineteenth-centuryAmericanpoetryandmodernism,forinhisversemaybefoundtheculminationofmanynineteenth-centurytendenciesandtraditionsaswellasparallelstotheworksofhistwentieth-centurycontemporaries.弗罗斯特常被称为“交替性的诗人”，意指他处在传统诗歌和现代派诗歌交替的一个时期。他又被认为与T.S.艾略特同为美国现代诗歌的两大中心。MainWorksABoy'sWill(1913)《少年的意志》NorthofBoston(1914)《波士顿以北》MountainInterval(1916)《山间》West-RunningBrook(1928)《西去的溪流》AFurtherRange(1936)《又一片牧场》AMasqueofReason(1945)《理智的假面具》IntheClearing(1962)《林间空地》MendingWall《修墙》DeathoftheHiredMan《雇工之死》TheRoadNotTaken《未选择之路》StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening《雪夜林边驻足》TheRoadNotTakenTworoadsdivergedinayellowwood,

AndsorryIcouldnottravelboth

Andbeonetraveler,longIstood

AndlookeddownoneasfarasIcould

Towhereitbentintheundergrowth;黄色的树林里分出两条路可惜我不能同时去涉足我在那路口久久伫立我向着一条路极目望去直到它消失在丛林深处

Thentooktheother,asjustasfair

Andhavingperhapsthebetterclaim,

Becauseitwasgrassyandwantedwear;

Thoughasforthat,thepassingthere

Hadwornthemreallyaboutthesame,但我却选了另外一条路它荒草萋萋十分幽寂显得更诱人更美丽虽然在这两条小路上都很少留下旅人的足迹Andboththatmorningequallylay

Inleavesnostephadtroddenblack

Oh,Ikeptthefirstforanotherday!

Yetknowinghowwayleadsontoway,

IdoubtedifIshouldevercomeback.虽然那天清晨落叶满地两条路都未经脚印污染呵，留下一条路等改日再见！但我知道路径延绵无尽头恐怕我难以再回返Ishallbetellingthiswithasigh

Somewhereagesandageshence:

tworoadsdivergedinawood,andI--

Itooktheonelesstraveledby,

Andthathasmadeallthedifference.也许多少年后在某个地方我将轻声叹息把往事回忆一片树林里分出两条路而我选了人迹更少的一条从此决定了我的一生的道路ConclusionDifferentroadwillleadustoseedifferenttypesofscenery,beforeyouchoosewhichroadtotake,thinkitcarefully,donotfollowtheflow〔随波逐流〕Afteryoutaketheroadjustdoyourbesttowalkyourroadandenjoythesceneryontheroad.Everyoneisatravelerontheroadoflife;everyonehastomakemanychoicesinhislife,andeverychoicewillbringaboutadifferentoutcome.StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillagethough;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.我知道林子的主人是谁虽然村落是他的所居之地他不会看到我停留于此

凝视他的林子雪花纷飞MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.我的小马一定以我为怪近无房舍为何停伫况且有林子与冰湖和一年中最黑之夜He

giveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.Theonlyothersound’sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake它摇了摇颈上的铃铎，想问问主人有没有弄错。除此之外唯一的声音是风飘绒雪轻轻拂过。personificationalliterationThewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.林子很美——昏暗而幽深但我已有约定还要赶多少路才能安睡还要赶多少路才能安睡alliterationrepetitionWritingSkills(1)RhythmandRhyme(格律)：thispoemiswritteninIambictetrameter(四步抑扬格),therhymeschemeisAABA,BBCB,CCDC,DDDD,whichiscalledinterlockingenclosedrhyme.Withinthefour

linesofeachstanza,thefirst,second,andfourthlinesrhyme.Thethirdlinedoesnot,butitsetsuptherhymesforthenextstanza.Forexample,inthethirdstanza,“queer”,”near“,and“year”allrhyme,but“lake”rhymeswith“shake”,”mistake“,and”flake“inthefollowing

stanza.这种韵式叫连锁抱韵即每一诗节的第1,2,4行押韵，第3行的尾韵成为下一诗节的韵脚。(oldfashionedortraditionalform)四音步抑扬格节奏和连环式押韵模式：英语属印欧语系，一个词往往不止一个音节，而且多音节词有轻重音节之分，元音和辅音的位置并不固定，交叉错落，英语诗人可借此奏出抑扬顿挫，回环往复的诗句。经过长期实践，最后形成比较固定的抑扬格〔轻重格〕、扬抑格、抑抑扬格、扬抑抑格等几种形式。诗歌的每一行音步也以四音步和五音步居多。这首诗是四音步抑扬格的模式。连环的押韵模式增强回环往复的效果。(2)RhetoricalDevice(修辞)：Alliteration(头韵)sound&sleep;dark&deepPersonification(拟人)“he”—horse“Mylittlehorsemustthinkitqueer

“Toaskifthereissomemistake.”Repetition(重复)“andmilestogobeforeIsleepandmilestogobeforeIsleep.”Superficialmeaning:thereisstillalon