unit-6应用型大学英语综合教程1

Unit6

CarsUNITPREVIEWInthisunit,youwilllearnContents readaboutdriverlesscars readaboutthebenefitsofcar-poolingVocabularySkills learnaboutopinionsondriverlesscars learnaboutthebenefitsofcar-poolingGrammarFocus learnaboutsentenceclassificationWritingSkills writeaboutthebenefitsofcar-pooling writearésuméUnit6

CarsPart1BeforeYouReadPart2AsYouReadPart3AfterYouReadPart4AsYouReadPart5AfterYouReadPart1

BeforeYouReadWarm-upa.pick-uptruck b.four-doorsedan c.convertibled.hatchback e.sportscar f.van1. alow,smallandtwo-seatedcarwithquickresponseandhighspeed2. apassengercarwithfourdoorsandfoursidewindows3. acarwitharoofthatcanmoveebcDirections:Matchthesewordswiththeirdefinitions.Part1

BeforeYouReadWarm-up4. atwo-doorpassengercarwithadoorattheback5. acarwithsidewindowsandcancarryabouttwelvepassengers6. acaropenatthebackandisusedforcarryinggoods,soldiersandanimals,etcdfaDirections:Matchthesewordswiththeirdefinitions.a.pick-uptruck b.four-doorsedan c.convertibled.hatchback e.sportscar f.vanPart1

BeforeYouReadKeyWords&Phrases1.guidetovarioustypesofcars2.thehistoryofcar-poolingDirections:Seewhatyoucanfindoutbysearchingonlinewiththekeywordsandphrasesandfinishthefollowingtasks.ResearchStudyPart1

BeforeYouReadTasksTask1

Therearemanydifferenttypesofcarsoutthereonthemarkettoday,soitmightbeusefultohavethisguidetoallthedifferenttypesofcarsyoucouldcomeacross:1.Coupe;2.Microcars;3.Hatchback;4.Sport;5.Electric;6.Crossover;7.Hybrid;8.Transitvan;9.Convertible;10.SUV;11.Truck;12.Sedan.Workingroupstosearchformoredetailsaboutthedifferenttypesofcarsmentionedabove.Thenmakeapresentation,comparingandintroducingatleasttwodifferenttypesofcarsbycomparingtheircharacteristics,merits,andshortcomings.Telltheclasswhichoneisyourfavorite.Directions:Seewhatyoucanfindoutbysearchingonlinewiththekeywordsandphrasesandfinishthefollowingtasks.ResearchStudyPart1

BeforeYouReadTasksTask2

Car-poolingfirstbecameprominentintheUnitedStatesduringWorldWarII.Itreturnedinthemid-1970sduetothe1973oilcrisisandthe1979energycrisis.Workingroupstosearchformoreinformationaboutcar-poolingandthencomparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofcar-pooling.Telltheclasswhetheryouagreeordisagreewithcar-pooling.Directions:Seewhatyoucanfindoutbysearchingonlinewiththekeywordsandphrasesandfinishthefollowingtasks.ResearchStudyPart2

AsYouReadDriverlessCars

Doyouknowanythingaboutdriverlesscars?Whenitcomestothesafetyofadriverlesscar,opinionsvaryfrompersontoperson.

❶Ipassedmydrivingtestatthefourthattempt.YoumightthinkthatmeansI’mnotassafeassomeonewhopassedonthefirsttime.Butwouldyoufeelsaferwithnodriveratall?Maybenot,andit’sforthisreasonthatautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriver-assistfunctionsintheirprototypedriverlesscars.Thisallowsthehumandrivertotakeoverifthereisaproblem.

❷Googleisonemanufacturerthathasprototypedriverlesscars.Thesehavebeenretrofittedwithsteeringwheelsandconventionalcontrolstoallownormaldriving.Butthisisjustastage—thevisionistohavefullyautomatedcarsverysoon.ThedirectorofGoogle’sself-drivingproject,ChrisUrmson,hopeshis11-year-oldsonwillneverhavetotakeadrivingtest.Toachievethat,thecarsneedtobeontheroadinfiveyears.Hesaysdriverlesscarswilldrasticallyreduceaccidentsandtrafficjams.TextAPart2

AsYouRead

❸AccordingtoChris,“some1.2millionpeoplearekilledontheroadsaroundtheworldeachyear.Thatnumberisequivalenttoajetfallingoutoftheskyeveryday.”

❹Hethinksgradualchangestoexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththeproblem.“Ifwearereallygoingtomakechangestoourcities,getridofparkinglots,weneedself-drivingcars,”hesays.

❺Google’sprototypeshaverackedupoveramillionkilometresontheroad.Theyhavealsohadtodealwithunexpectedsituations,suchasachilddrivingatoycarontheroad,andawomaninanelectricwheelchairchasingaduck.Ineachcase,thecarreactedsafely.

❻Somearenotconvinced.SvenBeikerofStanfordUniversitythinksdriverlesscarswillstillneedhumaninputinextremecircumstances.Healsoworriesthatpeoplemayforgethowtooperatetheirvehiclesiftheydonotdoitregularly.IguessIshouldn’tthrowawaymydriver’slicensejustyet.TextAPart2

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart2

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart2

AsYouReadPhrases&Expressionstakeover 接管getridof 除掉，去掉rackup 积累起来dealwith 应付，对待driver-assist 司机助手steeringwheel 方向盘parkinglot 停车场extremecircumstance 极端情况Notes1...it’sforthisreasonthatautomotivefirmshaveincludeddriver-assistfunctionsintheirprototypedriverlesscars.(Para.1)itisforthisreasonthat使用了强调句型，意思是“正是这个原因”。译文正因如此，汽车公司在无人驾驶汽车的雏形中安装了司机助手的功能。Notes2Googleisonemanufacturerthathasprototypedriverlesscars.(Para.2)that引导定语从句，修饰先行词manufacturer。译文他们得出结论，认为这些动植物物种数量即将下降，因为它们的居住地发生的变化。Notes3ThedirectorofGoogle’sself-drivingproject,ChrisUrmson,hopeshis11-year-oldsonwillneverhavetotakeadrivingtest.(Para.2)ChrisUrmson是插入语，是对主语thedirector的补充。译文克里斯·厄姆森是谷歌的自驾工程的负责人，他希望他11岁的儿子永远不需要考驾照。Notes4Ifwearereallygoingtomakechangestoourcities,getridofparkinglots,weneedself-drivingcars.(Para.4)1〕if引导条件状语从句。2〕getridofparkinglots的主语是从句的主语we。译文如果我们想改变我们的城市状况，那么我们不要停车场，需要自驾车。Part2

AsYouReadBackgroundLinksGoogleDriverlessCar是谷歌公司研发中的全自动驾驶汽车，不需要驾驶者就能启动、行驶以及停止。这些车辆使用照相机、雷达感应器和激光测距机来“看”其他的交通状况，并且使用详细地图来为前方的道路导航。谷歌说，这些车辆比有人驾驶的车更平安，因为它们能更迅速、更有效地做出反响。Part2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocusSentenceClassification〔句子分类〕一、按结构分类英语句子按其结构可以分为简单句(SimpleSentence)、并列句(Compoundsentence)以及复合句(ComplexSentence)。1.简单句由一个主语〔或并列主语〕和一个谓语〔或并列谓语〕构成的句子叫做简单句。简单句分为五大类：(1)主语+谓语动词例如：Thesunsetsinthewest.日落西方。(2)主语+连系动词+表语例如：Thebookisgreat.这本书很棒。(3)主语+谓语动词+宾语例如：Weoftenhavedumplings.我们经常吃饺子。(4)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语例如：Myfatherbroughtmealotofbooks.我父亲给我买了很多书。(5)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语例如：TheEnglishteacheroftenasksmetoreadtextsinclass.英语老师经常叫我在班上读课文。Part2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocus2.并列句由两个或两个以上并列又相互独立的简单句构成，常由连词连接。例如：Hefailedmanytimesbuthedidnotloseconfidence.他失败很屡次，但是他并没有失去信心。3.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只做主句的一个成分。例如：ShewasmakingteawhenIcametoseeher.我来看她时，她正在泡茶。二、按使用目的分类英语句子按使用目的可分为陈述句(DeclarativeSentence)、疑问句(InterrogativeSentence)、祈使句(ImperativeSentence)和感慨句(ExclamatorySentence)。1.陈述句用来表达一项事实的句子〔包括肯定和否认〕。例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳旋转。Hedoesnotbelongtothisdepartment.他不属于这个部门。Part2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocus2.疑问句主要分为：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。(1)一般疑问句：用yes或no答复的疑问句，叫做一般疑问句。例如：Areyouawaiter?你是效劳生吗？(2)特殊疑问句：就句中某一局部提问的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句。这种疑问句句首用疑问词。例如：Whatdoesthiscoatcost?这件大衣多少钱？(3)选择疑问句：提供两种或以上情况让对方选择的问句叫做选择疑问句。例如：Shallwegowithyouorwillyougobyyourself?我们陪你一起去还是你自己去？(4)反意疑问句：反意疑问句附在陈述句后，对陈述句提出疑问。例如：Theywon’tcome,willthey?他们不来了，是吗？Part2

AsYouReadPronunciationFocus3.祈使句表达命令、请求或建议的句子，主语you通常省略，谓语动词用原形。例如：Letusknowthetimeofyourarrival.请让我们知道你何时到达。祈使句否认式：Don’t(Donot)+肯定式的祈使句。例如：Don’tbelate!不要迟到！4.感慨句主要由how和what引导。例如：Howfineasightitis!多美的景色呀！Whatarudeman!多粗鲁的一个人！Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue? A. Theauthorisnotassafeassomeonewhopassedonthefirsttime. B. Googleisonemanufacturerthathasdriverlesscars. C. Thedriverlesscarwillallowpeopletotakeover.1Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension ChrisUrmsonhopeshissonwillneverhaveto________. A. takeadrivingtest B. directGoogle’sself-drivingproject C. beontheroadinfiveyears2Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue? A. Driver-assistfunctionsareaddedtomakepeoplefeelsafer. B. Googleistheonlymanufacturerthathasprototypedriverlesscars. C. Driverlesscarswilldrasticallyreduceaccidentsandtrafficjams.3Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whichofthefollowingcouldhelpreducecaraccidents? A. Tomakegradualchangestoexistingcardesigns. B. Togetridofparkinglots,andtohaveself-drivingcars. C. Toretrofitdriverlesscarswithsteeringwheels.4Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Accordingtothetext,whatdoesSvenBeikersuggest? A. Driverlesscarsneedhumaninputunderspecialcircumstances. B. Peoplewillforgethowtodrivecarseveniftheydoiteveryday. C. Wewillstillneeddriver’slicensesbecausepolicemenmayaskforthem.5Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:CompletetheoutlinebelowwithinformationfromTextA.TextSummary

Automotivefirmshaveincluded__________functionsintheirprototypedriverlesscars.Thisallowsthehumandrivertotakeover.

ThedirectorofGoogle’s_________project,ChrisUrmsonsaysdriverlesscarswilldrasticallyreduce________and__________.Christhinks______________toexistingcardesignsarenotenoughtodealwiththeproblem.Weshouldmakechangestoourcities,________parkinglots,weneed______________.

SvenBeikerthinksdriverlesscarswillstillneedhumaninputin____________________.Healsobelievesthatpeoplemayforgethowto_______theirvehiclesiftheydonotdoit________.driver-assistself-drivingaccidentstrafficjamsgradualchangesgetridofself-drivingcarsextremecircumstancesoperateregularlyPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Completeeachofthesentencesbelowwiththeproperwordinthebox,andchangetheformwherenecessary.TextSummarytakeover rackup prototype attempt automotive1. We_________£200,000insaleslastyear.2. ThenewcarswillreallyboosttheAmerican__________industry.3. Thestrikers________thefactories.4. Wearebuildinga_________foranewtypeofcar.5. Everythingisalmostreadyformetomakeanother________ontherecord.rackedupautomotivetookoverprototypeattemptPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsontheright.TextSummary1. wheelchaira. earnestandconscientiousactivityintendedtodooraccomplishsth.2. attemptb. followingacceptedcustomsandproprieties3. manufacturerc. amovablechairmountedonlargewheels4. licensed. alegaldocumentgivingofficialpermissiontodosth.5. conventionale. abusinessengagedinmanufacturingsomeproductPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Choosethebestanswerforeachsentence.Pronunciation&StructureExercises1. Doyouremember______hecamehere? A.who B.when C.where D.which2. ______toourconcertisstillunknown. A.Ifheiscoming B.Ifishecoming C.Whetherishecoming D.WhetherheiscomingPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Choosethebestanswerforeachsentence.Pronunciation&StructureExercises3. Moderncarsaretoughtosteal,______? A.arethey B.aren’tthey C.dothey D.don’tthey4. ______,soMarywasverysad. A.Hermotherwasveryill B.Hermotherbeingill C.Hermother’sbeingill D.BecausehermotherwasillPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Choosethebestanswerforeachsentence.Pronunciation&StructureExercises5. It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,______? A.won’twe B.willwe C.don’twe D.shallwe6. ______doyougotoschool?IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday. A.How B.Why C.When D.WhatPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Choosethebestanswerforeachsentence.Pronunciation&StructureExercises7. Trytoretellthestoryinyourownwords.______afraidtomakemistakes. A.Nottobe B.Don’t C.Nobe D.Don’tbe8. ______terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays! A.What B.Whata C.How D.HowaPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:Choosethebestanswerforeachsentence.Pronunciation&StructureExercises9. Startoutrightaway,______youwillmissthefirsttrain. A.and B.but C.or D.while10. Theearthgoesaroundthesun______themoongoesaroundtheearth. A.sothat B.justlike C.justas D.ashowPart3

AfterYouReadDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Pronunciation&StructureExercises1. ItisforthereasonthathehasliedtomebeforethatIdon'tbelievehimnow.2. Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesbyonemillion.由于湿滑的树叶散落在轨道上，这次列车将晚点1小时。尽管里卡多有伤在身，星期六的比赛他仍会出场。Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Pronunciation&StructureExercises3. Nothingintheworldseemstobeimpossibleforhim.4. Theredsweatergirl,Mary,rosetofameasadancer.许多软件公司已经改编了常用的程序以适应新的操作系统。妻子死后，他对该工程的兴趣逐渐淡淡了。Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Pronunciation&StructureExercises5. Ifyoulosethecompetition,youwilllethimdown.政府发布了一份新文件，详细阐述了其教育政策。Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Workingroupstofinishthequestionnairebelow.Ifthestatementistrue,putatick(√)againstit;ifit’snottrue,putacross(×)againstit.FurtherPracticeStatementYouranswer1. Peoplewillnotfeeldangerouswithnodriveratall.2. Fullyautomatedcarswillbeproducedsoon.3. 2millionpeoplearekilledincaraccidents.4. Google’sprototypescandealwithunexpectedsituations.5. HumanshouldbeabletotakeoverifthereisaproblemaccordingtoSvenBeiker.Part3

AfterYouReadDirections:Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.FurtherPractice1Whatdoyouthinkofdriverlesscars?2Whatcanwedotoavoidcaraccidents?Part4

AsYouReadTextBAGoodWaytoTravel—Car-Pooling

Car-poolingcanbebeneficial.Itiseco-friendlyandtime-saving.Morethanthat,itevenreducesyourstress.

❶“Car-pooling”,“Liftsharing”or“Ridesharing”—itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoucallit,itboilsdowntothesamething—twoormorepeoplesharingacartogetfromAtoBratherthandrivingalone.

❷Thebenefitsarenumerousforyourself,yourfamily,yourcommunityandtheenvironment.Yousavemoneyonrunningcosts,yousavetimelookingforparkingspacesandyouhelptosavetheplanetbyreducingyourcarbonfootprint.

❸Ifeveryonewhodrivesontheirowntoworkeverydayweretocatchaliftwithsomeonejustonceaweek,thecarjourneyswouldbereducedby20%!Andbothpartieswouldsavemoney!

❹Moreover,car-poolingcanbepleasantandfun!

❺Drivingcanbequitestressfulalthoughsometimeswedonotrealizeit.Takinga“backseat”fromtimetotimegivesyouabreakfromthatstress.Part4

AsYouReadTextB

❻Beingapassengerfromtimetotimemeansyoucandootherthingslikereadthepaperorabookordosomework.

Providingyou’renotlikelytosnore,youcouldevencatchuponlostsleep!

❼Thecostofdrivingyourowncarisconsiderablymorethanthecostofthefuelyouuse.Car-poolingmeansthatsomeofthesecostsarereduced.Atleast,itenablesallpartiestogreatlyreducetheircarbonfootprints.

❽Fororganizations,car-poolingeasesthedemandonlimitedparkinglots,reducesthecostsofprovidingemployeeswithparkingspaces,contributestolesseningtrafficjamsaroundtheworkplace,andlessenstheenvironmentaldamagecausedbypersonnelgettingtoandfromwork.

❾So,youwanttotravel?Whynotshareacar!Part4

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart4

AsYouReadWordstoKnowPart4

AsYouReadPhrases&Expressionsboildown 概括为，归纳为ratherthan 而不是catchalift 搭乘〔车/电梯〕givesb.abreak 使……解脱，让……歇口气belikelyto 有可能……catchupon 赶上，补上，得到……消息what’smore 另外，再者说parkinglot 停车场contributeto 有助于，导致Notes1Itdoesn’tmatterwhatyoucallit.(Para.1)whatyoucallit是真实主语，代替形式主语it。类似的句式还有Itdoesn’tmatterhow/who/which/when/whether/why等。译文你怎样称呼它都没关系。Notes2Ifeveryonewhodrivesontheirowntoworkeverydayweretocatchaliftwithsomeone…(Para.3)who在本句中引导定语从句，一般指代“人”,修饰先行词everyone。译文如果一个每天都单独开车上班的人与人拼车上班……Notes3Drivingcanbequitestressfulalthoughsometimeswedonotrealizeit.(Para.5)1)本句中，动名词driving做主语。2)although引导的是让步状语从句，译为“尽管”译文驾车是很有压力的，尽管我们有时可能并没有意识到这一点。Notes4Beingapassengerfromtimetotimemeansyoucandootherthingslikereadthepaperorabookordosomework.(Para.6)动名词短语beingapassenger做主语，译为“作为乘客”。译文时不时体验下乘客的角色，意味着你可以做做其他的事，比方读读报纸或者看看书或者做些别的什么。Notes5Providingyou’renotlikelytosnore,youcouldevencatchuponlostsleep!(Para.6)providing是连接词，引导让步状语，意思是“只要”译文只要没有打呼噜的习惯你甚至可以补上一觉!Notes6So,youwanttotravel?(Para.9)本句为省略句，youwanttotravel之前省略了助动词do。译文那么，你想旅游吗？Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension WhichofthefollowingisNOTanalternativeexpressionforcar-pooling? A. Liftsharing. B. Ridesharing. C. Carrental.1Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension WhichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofcar-pooling? A. Yousavemoneyonrunningcosts. B. Yousavetimelookingforparkingspaces. C. Yousavetheplanetbyincreasingyourcarbonfootprint.2Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Whydoestheauthorsaycar-poolingcan“giveyouabreakfromthatstress”? A. Youcantakethebackseat. B. Youcansnorewhileyouaresleeping. C. Youcancatchuponlostsleep.3Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Thecostofdrivingyourowncaris______thecostsofthefuelyouuse. A. morethan B. lessthan C. asmuchas4Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillinthebubbleswithcorrectanswers.ReadingComprehension Accordingtothetext,car-poolingeasesthedemandonlimitedparkinglots.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrecttoreplacetheword“ease” A. Reduces. B. Lessens. C. Increases.5Part5

AfterYouReadDirections:Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenwords.ReadingComprehension1. Thenewmeasurestakenbythenewgovernment_______(reduce)thelevelofinflation.2. Thisprojectisofgreat_______(beneficial)toeveryone.3. Heboughta(n)___________(considerable)expensivecar.4. Hishardwork__________(contribute)tohissuccessandhappiness.5. Thisgoodnewscan’t_____(easy)hispain.reducedbenefitconsiderablycontributeseasePart5

AfterYouReadDirections:Usethewordsandphrasesintheboxtocompletethefollowingparagraph,andmakechangeswherenecessary.TaskAPhrasesinContextshare contributeto popularin,givesb.abreak enabletoWhatiscar-pooling?Itmeansto_________(分享一辆车).Itis______________________(在许多大城市流行的)Car-poolingcan_________________(让你获得充分休息).Moreover,it_______(使……能够)boringdrivingtobeenjoyable.So,car-poolingwill________________(为……做出许多奉献)yourlife.shareacarpopularinmanybigcitiesgiveyouafullbreakenablescontributealottoPart5

AfterYouReadTaskBPracticalWriting个人简历(Résumé)

个人简历是指一个人的资格、职位或者经历，一般包括个人教育背景、工作经历或者经验、曾获得的奖项或奖励、爱好和特长等内容。根据国别、公司、职位等不同，具体招聘要求略有不同，简历格式及所包含的内容也会不同，特别是应聘国外企业不需包含过多以下括号内的个人信息。Part5

AfterYouReadTaskBPracticalWritingName:PingYang

PersonalInformation:

Sex:FemaleAge:23Height:168cmWeight:48KgBloodType:B

MarriageStatus:SingleNativePlace:ShenyangCityofLiaoningProvince,China

EducationBackground:

2000-2004 ShenyangNormalUniversityMajorinCompanyAdministration

1997-2000 ShenyangTongzeHighMiddleSchool

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