化合物英文命名规则课件

Courseware

on

EnglishNaming

Rules

forCompounds•

Introduction•

Naming

of

nitrogen

containing

organiccompounds01IntroductionPurpose

and

backgroundThecoursewareisdesignedtoprovidelearnerswithacomprehensiveunderstandingofEnglishnamingrulesforcompounds,includingtherulesforformingandnamingchemical,biologicalandothertypesofcompoundsThebackgroundofthiscourseliesintheneedtostandardizethenamingofcompoundsinscientificresearchandindustrialapplications,aswellasintheeducationofchemistry,biology,andotherrelatedfieldsThe

Importance

of

NamingAccuratenamingofcompoundsiscriticalforeffectivecommunicationinscientificresearchandindustrialapplicationsStandardizednamingruleshelptoensurethereproducibilityofscientificexperimentsandthecomparabilityofresearchresultsCorrectnamingalsofacilitiestheregistrationandapprovalofnewbugsandotherproductsinthemarket02Overview

of

Naming

RulesIntroduction

to

English

NamingEnglishnamingisasystemofassigningnamestoEnglishnamingisusedworldwideinscientific,Itprovidesastandardizedwaytodescribeandcommunicateaboutsubstancessubstancesbasedontheircompositionandstructuretechnical,andindustrialfieldsNaming

principlesPrinciple

of

PriorityThenamegiventoasubstanceshouldreflectitscompositionandstructurePrinciple

of

Chronological

DevelopmentThenameassignedtoasubstanceshouldreflectitshistoricaldevelopmentandtheorderinwhichitwasdiscoveredorintroducedintouseNaming

principlesPrinciple

of

Phonetic

ConventionThenameassignedtoasubstanceshouldbeeasytopromoteandrememberPrinciple

of

UniformityThenamesassignedtosimilarsubstancesshouldbesimilarinformandstructure03Naming

of

hydrocarbonsNomenclature

of

alkanesAlkaneswithevennumbersofcarbonExample:"dimethyl"0102atomsarenamedwiththeprefix"di"AlkaneswithoddnumbersofcarbonExample:"monobromo"0304atomsarenamedwiththeprefix"mono"Alkaneswithasinglesubsectionarenamedwiththeprefix"etal"Example:"ethylbenzene"0506Nomenclature

of

olefins

and

alkynes在此添加您的文本17字在此添加您的文本16字Olefinswiththedoublebondattheendofthechainarenamedwiththeprefix"vinyl"Example:"phenylacetylene"在此添加您的文本16字在此添加您的文本16字Example:"vinylchloride"Olefinsandalkyneswithmultiplesubtitlesarenamedbycombiningthenamesofeachsubtitle在此添加您的文本16字在此添加您的文本16字Alkyneswiththetriplebondattheendofthechainarenamedwiththeprefix"phenyl"Example:"1,2-dichlorophylene"Nomenclature

of

aromatic

hydrocarbons01020304AromatichydrocarbonswithsubscribersareAromatichydrocarbonsarenamedwiththeprefix"phenyl"Example:"phenol"Example:"biphenyl"namedbycombiningthenameofeachsubscriber04Naming

of

oxygen

containing

organiccompoundsNaming

of

AlcoholsSummaryAlcoholsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtothehydroxylgroupwiththesuffixDetailed

descriptionAlcoholsareorganiccompoundsthatcontainahydroxidegroup(-OH)bondedtoacarbonatomTonamealcohols,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtothehydroxylgroupisindicatedwiththesuffixForexample,methanol(CH3OH)isnamedbyadding"-alcohol"totheendofthename"methane"Naming

of

PhenolsSummaryDetailed

descriptionPhenolsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtothehydroxidegroupwiththeprefix"hydroxide"Phenolsareorganiccompoundsthatcontainahydroxidegroup(-OH)bondedtoacarbonatomwithinabenzeneringTonamephenols,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtothehydroxidegroupisindicatedwiththeprefix"hydroxide"Forexample,hydroxide(C6H5OH)isnamedbyadding"hydroxide-"tothebeginningofthename"benzene"Naming

of

EthersSummaryDetailed

descriptionEthersarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtotheoxygenatomwiththesuffixEthersareorganiccompoundsthatcontainanoxygenatom(-O-)bondedtotwocarbonatomsTonameethers,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtotheoxygenatomisindicatedwiththesuffix"-ether"Forexample,diethylether(C2H5OC2H5)isnamedbyadding"-ether"totheendofthename"diethyl"Naming

of

AldehydesSummaryDetailed

descriptionAldehydesarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtothecarbongroupwiththesuffixAldehydesareorganiccompoundsthatcontainacarbongroup(C=O)bondedtoacarbonatomTonamealdehydes,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtothecarbongroupisindicatedwiththesuffix"-aldehyde"Forexample,formaldehyde(HCHO)isnamedbyadding"-aldehyde"totheendofthename"formalacid"Nomenclature

of

tokens要点一要点二SummaryDetailed

descriptionKetonesarenamedbyindicatingthetwocarbonatomsthataredirectlybondedtothecarbongroupwiththeprefix"oxygen-"Ketonesareorganiccompoundsthatcontainacarbongroup(C=O)bondedtotwocarbonatomsTonametokens,thetwocarbonatomsdirectlybondedtothecarbongroupareindicatedwiththeprefix"ox-"Forexample,acetone(CH3COCH3)isnamedbyadding"oxo-"tothebeginningofthename"propanone"Naming

of

carboxylic

acidsSummaryDetailed

descriptionCarboxylicacidsarenamedbyindicatingthecarbonatomthatisdirectlybondedtothecarbongroupwiththesuffixCarbonacidsareorganiccompoundsthatcontainacarbongroup(-COOH)bondedtoacarbonatomTonamecarboxylicacids,thecarbonatomdirectlybondedtothecarboxylgroupisindicatedwiththesuffixForexample,acid(CH3COOH)isnamedbyadding"-acid"totheendofthename"ethanoidacid"05Naming

of

nitrogen

containingorganic

compoundsNaming

of

aminesAminesarenamedbyreplacingthe'ine'endingoftheparentalkylgroupwith'amine'01020304Ifthealkylgrouphastwoormorecarbonatoms,thenumberofcarbonatomsisindicatedinfrontofthealkylgroupnameIftheamineispartofalargermolecule,theprefix'N-'isaddedbeforethealkylgroupnameForexample:N-ethylamine,N-proline,N-butylamineNomenclature

of

Diazo

and

Azo

compoundsDiazocompoundsarenamedbyaddingtheprefix'diamond'totheparenthydrocarbonnameAzocompoundsarenamedbyaddingtheprefix'azo'totheparenthydrocarbonnameIfthehydrocarbonhasaringstructure,thenumberofcarbonatomsintheringisindicatedinfrontofthehydrocarbonnameForexample:1,2-diazenepropane,1,3-diazobutane,azohexaneNaming

of

other

nitrogen

containing

compoundsOthernitrogencontainingcompoundsarenamedaccordingtotheirspecificstructureandcompositionForexample:nitrobenzene,cyanamide,ureaThetypeofnitrogenatomanditsbondingenvironmentshouldbeconsideredwhenNamingthesecompounds06Naming

of

other

organic

compoundsNomenclature

of

halo

hydrogenThe

naming

convention

for

halogenated

hydrocarbonsHalogenatedhydrocarbonsarenamedbasedonacombinationofhydrocarbongroupnamesandhalogennames.Forexample,theEnglishnameforvinylchlorideis"chloroethylene".Key

points

of

the

ruleInthenamingofhalogenatedhydrocarbons,thehalogennameshouldbeplacedbeforethehydrocarbonbasenameandconnectedwithahyphen"-".Meanwhile,thefirstletterofthehalogennameshouldbecapitalized.Naming

of

nitro

compoundsNaming

rules

fornitro

compoundsKey

points

of

the

ruleNitrocompoundsarenamedbasedonacombinationofnitrogroupnamesandhydrocarbongroupnames.Forexample,theEnglishnameforInthenamingofnitrocompounds,thenitronameshouldbeplacedbeforethehydrocarbonnameandconnectedwithahyphen"-".Meanwhile,thefirstletterofthenitrogroupnameshouldbecapitalized.nitrobenzeneis"nitrobenzene".Naming

of

mercaptans

and

thioethersNaming

rules

for

thiols

and

thioethersthiolsandthioethersarenamedbasedonacombinationofthiolorthioethernamesandhydrocarbongroupnames.Forexample,theEnglishnameformethylmercaptanis"methanol".Key

points

of

the

rulesInthenamingofthiolsandthioethers,thenameofthethiolorthioethershouldbeplacedbeforethenameofthehydrocarbongroupandconnectedwithahyphen"-".Meanwhile,thefirstletterofthenameofthiolorthioethershouldbecapitalized.07Systematic

nomenclature

for

complexcompoundsSelection

of

parent

compoundsIdentifying

the

parent

compoundInthesystematicnamingofcomplexcompounds,thefirststepistoselectasuitableparentcompound.Theparentcompoundshouldberepresentativeandreflectthecorestructureofthecompound.Avoid

over

simplificationWhenselectingparentcompounds,oversimplificationshouldbeavoidedtoensureaccuracyandcompletenessofnaming.Consider

functional

group

priorityWhenselectingparentcompounds,thepriorityoffunctionalgroupsshouldbeconsideredtoensuretherationalityandconsistencyofnaming.Sequential

calibration

of

subscribersSequential

calibration

of

substituentsInsystemnaming,thesequentialcalibrationofsubstituentsisanecessarystep.Accordingtotherules,subs