Subjunctive-Mood-虚拟语气讲解

SubjunctiveMood什么是虚拟语气？表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、疑心等表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等虚拟语气的分类语言形式功能Be形（原形）意愿Were形假设第三条件句假设第四条件句假设“意愿”虚拟句：be型虚拟式“意愿”虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求、希望、建议、命令等的具体内容。这种虚拟式有以下三种结构形式：1、用在表要求、命令、指示等动词后的that宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语从句其结构为“(should)+动词原形”

suggest(建议)recommend(推荐)

advise(劝告)propose(建议)

insist(坚持)consent(允诺)

decide(决定)

order(命令)

request(要求)

desire(期望)

maintain(主张)

urge(催促)

三个建议四个要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,ask虚拟语气Should+v型两个命令一个坚持在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的常用词有：Heorderedthatallthestudents(should)attendhislecturesontime.1)他命令所有学生按时到课。Itissuggestedthattheproject(should)bestartedatonce.2)有人建议马上启动这个工程。WhatdoyouthinkofherproposalthatI(should)applyforanewjob?3)她建议我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？1.Iadvisedthatyou___thejobassoonaspossible.AfinishedBfinishingCtofinishDfinish2.Theworkersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay___beraised.AshouldBwouldCmustDcould3.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathe_____there.

A.notwentB.won'tgo

C.notgoD.nottogo

4.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam____beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished5.Thecommanderorderedthatwe_____workbeforeFriday.A.mustfinishB.finishedC.shouldfinishD.couldfinishJan’spalefacesuggestedthathe___ill.AbeBwasCshouldbeDisHeinsistshe______right.A.wereB.wasC.beD.isTIPST.orF.Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.insist/suggest各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即should+do;Insist表示“坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。Suggest表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest表示“说明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。FTFT虚拟语气注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、说明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody__________(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.obeywasbesenthavenecessary(必需的)essential(必要的)imperative(必需的)natural(天生的)desirable(希望的)advisable(希望的)important(重要的)appropriate(适当的)2、用在Itis+形容词+that-clause中,主要表示主观看法，比方：“某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的”从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可省。

我们有必要出去散散步。

她这样做是很自然的。

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

Should+V型虚拟语气TranslationIt’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalk.It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Itisimperativethatstudents_____theirtermpapersontime.

A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedin√1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldB.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedC.hadfinishedC.mustbefinishedD.willfinish

CA3.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbesetB3、公式化语句

表示“祝愿、诅咒、禁止”等意义的特殊表达结构里LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!Godblessyou!Goddamnyou!(该死的！)Heavenforbid!(天理不容！)Deviltakehim!(混蛋！)Sobeit.(但愿如此/就这样吧。)were-型虚拟式非真实的条件或让步几乎不可能的假设特殊句型1.由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though等引导的条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。IfIwereyou,Ishouldwaittillnextweek.Ifitweretorain,thegamewouldbeputoff.IfonlyIwerenotsonervous.HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.Hebehavesasthoughhewerebetterthanus.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English______mucheasiertolearn.A.couldhavebeenB.wouldbeC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen2.were型虚拟式常用于wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine等表示“希望，但愿，宁愿”的-that分句中，表示一种臆想的〔通常是不可能发生的〕情况。Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Supposetheearthwereflat.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.3.特殊句型Itis(high/about)timethat...that从句中动词用一般过去时，表示“差不多/该是……的时候了”。其中that可以省略。Itisthetimewelefttheoffice.区分：It'sthefirst(second/third)time后面的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成时来表示一种经历。It'sthesecondtimeI'vecomehere.SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong,it’sabouttimeyou____abletowritelettersinEnglish.A.shouldbe B.were C.mustbe D.are√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime______onsomething.”A. I’ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I’mdeciding√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4It’shightimewe_____cuttingdowntherainforests.

A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop√条件句的类型一、事实与习惯条件句（whenever）真实条件句二、将来假设条件句（if）三、现在与将来相反假设条件句非真实条件句四、过去相反假设句

虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式〔动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could＋动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语＋should,would,might,could＋havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语＋should,wouldmight,could＋动词原形通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。〔过去虚拟〕②与现在事实相反。〔现在虚拟〕③与将来事实可能相反。〔将来虚拟〕

“后退一步法”①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。②与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。③与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。1)IfIwereyou,Ishouldn'tdothat.2)Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.3)Wecouldaskhimifhewerehere.4)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldringhimup.条件从句主句did（be动词一般用were）would(should,could,might)+doI.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法

1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：1)Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.2)Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwould(might)havemethim.3)IwouldhavecalledyouifIhadknownyourphonenumber.条件从句主句had+donewould(might)+havedone2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4IfonlyI______playtheguitaraswellasyou!

A.wouldB.CouldC.shouldD.might√1)Ifitshouldrain,thecropswouldbesaved.

2)Ifitweretosnowtomorrow,theywouldnotgoout.3)Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.条件从句主句didshoulddoweretodowould+do3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Ifonlythepatient______adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibioticshemightstillbealivenow.A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceiving√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he____abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.were√SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_____quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.A.weren’t B.hasn’tbeen C.hadn’tbeen D.wouldn’tbe√Note:省略if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以把省略if而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1.Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.2.WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.3.Hadhebeenmorecareful(Ifhehadbeenmorecareful),suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.SubjunctivemoodinTEM-4_____forthefactthatshebrokeherleg,shemighthavepassedtheexam.A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeenC.WasnotD.Wereitnot√虚拟式的特殊形态主从句时态不一致IfMotherhadtoldmethattruthwhenIwasyoung,Iwouldnotmakesuchmistakessooftennow.错综条件句Ifyoustudiedhardernow,youwouldbemoresuccessfulinthefuture.1.Thecommitteemembersproposethattheplan________postponedforafewdays.A.beingC.tobeB.beenD.be2.ThebossinsistedthatMr.Copper(give)

upsmokingatonce.3.Thedirectorrequiredthateverymemberinhisdepartment(refer).tothisreport.4.Ithinkit’shightimewe________strictmeasurestostoppollution.A.willtakeC.tookB.takeD.havetakenD(should)give(should)referC5Ifonlyshe(know)

thatherbehaviourwasnotwelcome,shewouldhavebeenmorecarefulwithhermanners.6IfIhadacarofmyown,I________ittoyoursisteryesterday.A.wouldhavelentC.musthavelentB.wouldlendD.shouldlend7Jackwouldneverhavedonethatifhe(have)________agoodeducation.

hadknownAhadhad

含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。Butfor,befor,without,butthatIfyouhadnothelped,Iwouldn’thavepassedtheexam.→Butforyourhelp,...Withoutyourhelp…Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…条件句的变化形式〔含蓄条件句〕Butthatyouhelped,...Exercise

Butfor,without,befor,butthat如果没有太阳，地球上就不会有植物。Butforthesun,therewouldbenoplantonourplanet.Withoutthesun,…Ifitwerenotforthesun,...Butthatthereisthesun,…条件句的变化形式〔含蓄条件句〕Otherwise

[sentenceadverb]usedwhensayingwhatwouldhavehappenedormighthavehappenedifsomethingelsehadnothappened:

Weweredelayedattheairport.Otherwisewewouldhavebeenherebylunchtime.

类似if型虚拟语气butfor+n(要不是),without+n,otherwise，inthatcase，一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句〔if…〕,其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。+句子would/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone现在/将来过去1.Butforyourhelp,we

(make)suchrapidprogress.

没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。wouldnothavemade虚拟语气类似if型2.Withoutair,there_________(be)nolivingthings.

如果没有空气，就不会有生物

would

be3.Thankstothebraveyoungman,otherwise,theboy______________(die).wouldhavediedWish/Asif(though)类似if型虚拟语气Wouldrather/IfonlyWish/Asif/〔though〕+从句现在:过去时〔were〕过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)类似if型〔1〕虚拟语气[例句]

1.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.2.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.3.Hewishedhehadn‘tdoneit.4.Hetreatsthelittlegirlasifshewereheowndaughter.

类似if型〔1〕wouldrather+that〔从句〕宁愿……Ifonly+要是……该有多好啊过去时过去完成时现在过去过去时过去完成时现在/将来过去类似if型〔2〕虚拟语气asif/thoughsb{didhaddoneHetalkedasifhehadbeenthereatthattime.Hetalksasifhekneweverything.evenifsb{didhaddoneEvenifIwereasrichasyouoneday,Iwon’tdosuchathing.EvenifIhadmanagedtodoit,theydidn’tbelieveme.EvenifIhadthechancenow,I’mnotinterestedinit.2.wouldratherdosthIwouldratherstayathomeinsuchhotweather.1)2)wouldrathersb{didsthhaddonesthIwouldratheryoustayedathome.Iwouldratheryouhadstayedathome.PatternsuggestingbestwishesIfonlysbdidhaddonewoulddo=howIwishsbdidhaddonewoulddoIfonlyIwereyou.HowIwishIwereyou.{{SubjunctivemoodinTEM-461.It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryou_____now.(2011)leftleaveareleavingwillleave√IfonlyI___tomyparents!(ButIdidn’t.)A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlistenBSimonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldgetCHeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenA–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had

DWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken

Cexercises1.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe2.Itishardformetoimagine