备战2024年中考英语语法培优生笔记Chapter 6 名词与冠词 笔记（全国通用）（原卷版）

chapter6名词与冠词笔记·模块一名词的分类·模块二名词的单复数·模块三修饰可数名词的词和词组·模块四中考常见不可数名词·模块五修饰不可数名词的词和词组·模块六名词的所有格·模块七名词的性·模块八冠词的分类·模块九不定冠词的用法·模块十定冠词的用法·模块十一零冠词的用法·模块十二2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练模块一模块一名词的分类名词A.专有名词：具体的人、地、物、机构、团体、月份和节日等专有的名词如：AlfredNobel,Africa,FebruaryB.普通名词a可数名词可以用数字计数的名词，如boy，chairb不可数名词1)物质名词：如fire,wood,air,water2)抽象名词：如information,advice,courage模块模块二名词的单复数单数变复数的一般规则，请将下列单词变为复数形式：构成方法例词一般在词尾加-shorse—horsesmile—miles以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词加-esbox—boxesglass—glassesbrush—brushes以o结尾的词加-s或-es有生命加-eshero—heroespotato-potatoesNegro—Negroes无生命加-sphoto—photospiano-pianoszoo-zoos特例motto—mottos/mottoes,*kangaroo-kangaroos,volcano-volcanoes以-y结尾的词以辅音字母加-y结尾的词，变y为i,加-esbattery—batteriescountry—countries以元音字母加-y结尾的词直接加-smonkey—monkeysday—days以-f或-fe结尾的词f,fe变为v再加-eswolf—wolveswife—wives个别词直接加-sroof—roofsbelief—beliefsscarf-scarves/scarfs特殊变化有下列情况:manmenmediummediaRomanRomanschildchildrenwomanwomenmousemicebusinesswomanbusinesswomenoxoxengoosegeesefootfeetGermanGermanstoothteethTherearemanymendoctorsinthedepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology.（妇产科）♥Attention♥man/woman男人、女人双变原则amannursesomemennursesawomandoctorwomendoctorsboyfriendsmaidservantswomenservantsladydrivers单复数同形的情况：sheep-sheepChinese-Chinesemeans-meansspecies-speciescraft及由-craft（spacecraft，aircraft）构成的名词deer-deerJapanese-JapaneseSwiss-Swissseries-seriesTheonlymeanstoachievesuccessistoappealtolaw（诉诸法律）.Allmeanshavebeentriedouttoincreaseagriculturalproduction.单复数特别用法：word的特别用法：word不可数名词新闻、消息、承诺可数名词词、话语★小试身手★Wordhasitthatsheisleaving.(wordhasitthat是惯用语用法，表示有消息说，eg.Legendhasitthat……有传说说【学生版不出现】)有消息传来Pleasesendmewordofyoursafearrival.通知我Theyaskedhimtoleave,inotherwords,hewasfired.换句话来说Helikestospreadthewordabouttheimportanceofhealthyeating.宣传★习惯用语★keep/breakone’sword履行诺言/食言inotherwords换句话说leaveword留言eatone’swords承认错误（收回某人的话）amanofhisword信守诺言的人thelastwords遗言wordfor/byword逐字逐句地wasteone’swords白费口舌inaword总之haveafewwords/awordwithsb与某人谈谈单复数用法的其他特殊情况：比较：CDs(CD’s)SomeVIPs(someVIP’s)Inthe1990s(1990’s)一“S”之差，谬以千里paper 纸papers考卷good好的goods货物letter 信件letters文学（作品）look 看looks外表glass 杯子glasses眼镜green 绿色greens绿叶蔬菜custom 风俗customs海关time 时间times时代sand 沙sands沙滩iron 铁irons脚镣drink 喝drinks饮品force武力forces军队spirit 精神spirits精力/态度work工作works工厂/作品固定词组用复数inhighspiritsasfollowstaketurnshurtone’sfeelingsinrags兴致高昂如下轮流伤害感情衣衫褴褛模块模块三修饰可数名词的词和词组请翻译下列词组：一群人 agroup/crowdofpeople一两天acoupleofdays一些亲戚(a)fewrelatives几台电脑somecomputers大量的乘客alargenumberofpassengers很多记者alotof/lotsofreporters很多地方 manyplaces顶尖学生中的一个oneofthetopstudents数以百年hundredsofyears数以千年 thousandsofyears数以万年 tensofthousandsofyears两千年twothousandyears一副眼镜/一双鞋/一条裤子/一把剪刀apairofglasses/shoes/trousers/scissors模块模块四中考常见不可数名词忠告advice天气weather麻烦trouble黄油butter空气air乐趣fun玻璃Glass损坏damage草grass作业Homework家务活housework钱money信息information冰ice纸paper知识knowledge新闻news交通traffic★真题试炼★选择Inancient___C____peoplehadtodoheavylabourbecauseatthat______therewerenomodernmachines. A.time,time B.times,times C.times,time D.time,timesThestudentsdon’tfindmuch__B____aboutthetopiconthatwebsite. A.report B.information C.article D.storyWouldyoulikeapudding?Goandbringmealittle__A___andIwillmakeoneforyou. A.bowl B.apples C.chalk D.shampoo填空Alectureonbiologywasmadebya___Japanese___professoryesterdaymorning.(Japan)Wetookmany__photos______whenwetravelledinXinjianglastsummer.(photo)Thisisthefirstyeartolearnthenewsubject--__chemistry________.(chemical)The_____owner_______oftheshopisonholidaywithhisfamily.(own)After30years,histwinbrother’ssudden_arrival_broughthimagreatsurprise.(arrive)模块模块五修饰不可数名词的词和词组铁的原则：不可数名词与(可数)量词连用=可数（对量词的数变化）请用量词+不可数名词的形式翻译下列词组：一件衣服/家具anarticle/pieceofclothing/furniture两块巧克力/肥皂twobarsofchocolate/soap一瓶墨水/牛奶/酒abottleofink/milk/wine一点食物(a)littlefood一些工作/建议somework/advice很多新闻alotof/lotsofnews大量信息hugeamountsofinformation♥Attention♥“万能搭”apieceof：advice/bread/cake/chalk/cloth/clothing/equipment/furniture/information/kindness/land/news/paper/wood/work可数名词与不可数名词修饰量词表只能修饰可数名词只能修饰不可数名词可数/不可数名词均可修饰alarge/huge/greatnumberofthenumberofdozensofscoresofhundredsoffewseveralmany(a)agreatdealofalargeamountoftheamountofhugeamountsofalargesumof(一大笔)(a)littleabitmuchplentyof/alotoflotsof/alargequantityofquantitiesof(谓语动词用复数)thequantityof★真题试炼★_B____people____comefromallpartsofthecountrytoseetheexhibition.Alotsof,have B.Alargenumberof,haveMuch,has D.Hugeamountsof,has______studentsofourschool__morethanonethousand.A.Anumberof,are B.Anumberof,is C.Thenumberof,areD.Thenumberof,is★区分总结★度量衡单位的原则(单复数变化)：中国度量衡one/fiveyuantwo/fourJiaothreeJintenmu外国度量衡3dollars15pounds20miles12kilometers模块模块六名词的所有格总体规律：名词所有格有三种形式：’s所有格，of所有格和同时具备前两种格的双重所有格。-’s所有格：一般是在词尾，若原词已有复数词尾-s，则只要在-s后加(’)David’scarmybrother’snotebookmysisters’toyChildren’sDayWomen’sDaythePeople’sSquareof所有格：这种所有格常用于无生命的东西。theAofC名词拥有较长的定语。Thesoundofthechildrenplaying,thenameofthegirlstandingoutside,thecontributionofscienceandtechnology表示地理、机构、集体等的名词可用of或-’s表所有格。Thepopulationofthecity或thecity’spopulation,theplanofthefamily或thefamily’splan等。在某人的家或工作地atMrGreen’stomyuncle’satthetailor’satthedoctor’s♥Attention♥共有还是私藏JaneandMary’sfatherJane’sandTom’sfathers双重所有格：abookofmyfriend’ssomefriendsofhisfather’s双重所有格中的第二个名词总是指人，不指物。apageofthebook’s(×)应改为apageofthebook.双重所有格中的第一个名词常有不定冠词(a/an)或that等词，而第二个名词总是特指the。thefriendofthedoctor’s(错)afriendofthedoctor’s(对)thatfriendofmybrother’s(√)♥Attention♥apictureofmysister’s(画是我姐姐的)apictureofmysister(画中人是我姐姐)在用-’s和of皆可表示名词所有格时，强调有别。China’sdevelopment(强调development)ThedevelopmentofChina(强调China)★真题试炼★考题 _A_____aretravellingabroad. A.TheGreens B.TheGreen’s C.Greens D.Green’s考题Tomandpeterliveinthesameflat.Itis__C____. A.SusanandBettyB.Susan’sandBettyC.SusanandBetty’sD.Susan’sandBetty’s模块模块七名词的性actoractresswaiterwaitressheadmasterheadmistresshosthostessprinceprincessemperorempressgodgoddessstewardstewardesstigertigresslionlioness★真题试炼★考题 The_B____areplantingsome____intheschoolgardennow. A.womanteachers…appletrees B.womenteachers…appletrees C.womanteacher…applestree D.womenteachers…applestrees模块模块八冠词的分类冠词不定冠词（泛指）a用于辅音音素或半元音音素前an用于元音音素前定冠词（特指）the模块模块九不定冠词的用法不定冠词a/an常表示泛指泛指人或物Hewillbeateacherinfiveyears.表示数量“一个”Thereisabookandtwopencilsonthedesk.某些习惯用语中takealookhavearesthaveaswimgoonadiethaveagoodtimemakeadecisionmakealivingdosb.afavorgivesb.ahandinaminute有些特殊情况中，专有名词前必须加不定冠词，表示具有某种特性的人或物、某一位不认识的人或某个不确定的时间。IknowaLeonardo,butnotthefamousone.我认识一个叫莱昂纳多的人，但不是有名气的那个。模块模块十定冠词的用法用于上文已经提到过的事物前Givemethebook.用于世界上独一无二的事物前theair,theearth,themoon,thesun,theworld,thesky,thesouth♥Attention♥space（太空）前不用用于形容词的比较级、最高级和序数词前Heisthetallerofthetwochildreninhisfamily.（特殊讲解此处特殊的形容词比较级用法）thelargestroom,thesecondstory用于西洋乐器前（中国乐器前不用加定冠词）playthepiano/guitarplayzither/erhu♥Attention♥序数词前有时也可以用不定冠词a(n)，表示“又一、再一”的泛指意义。Inspiteofthefirsttwofailures,hetriedathirdtime.尽管前两次失败，他又试了第三次。下列表达在序数词前习惯不用定冠词：Theyfellinloveatfirstsight.他们一见钟情。江河、海洋、山川、国家（全称）、组织、团体请翻译下列的词组：长江(The)YangtzeRiver太平洋thePacificOcean美国theUnitedStatesofAmerica中国共产党theCommunistPartyofChina北京宾馆BeijingHotel自由女神像theStatueofLiberty表时间和空间空间：theeast，thewest，thesouth，thenorth，thefront，theback，theleft，theright。Theteacherseatedhispupilsinthebackoftheclassroom.老师让学生们坐在教室后面。时间：atthebeginningof在…初，inthemiddleof在…中，attheendof在…末尾，thepast过去，thepresent现在用于形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物，谓语动词用复数穷人thepoor富人therich老人theold年轻人theyoung病人thesick死人thedead盲人theblind伤者thewounded好人thegood美人thebeautiful不认识的人theunknown失业者theunemployed残疾人thedisabled长者theelderly动词+宾语＋介词＋the+身体部位Hetookthethiefbythehand.Theballhittheboyonthenose.Thewomanhitthemanintheface.the+姓氏的复数表示这一家人TheTurnersaresittingatthebreakfasttable.模块模块十一零冠词的用法称呼、头衔作表语、同位语、补语Heisheadoftheorganization.（头衔，表语）学科、球类、棋类Doyoustudymaths?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.By+n表示交通工具，方式方法byair,bybus,bybike,bytrain,takeabus,comeinaboat,onthetrain/bus,rideabike依据……行事byweight语言名称：Chinese,English,French词组比较:（定冠词与零冠词用法）inhospital住院inthehospital在医院infrontof在前方inthefrontof在前部outofquestion无疑的outofthequestion不可能的attable进餐atthetable坐在桌子旁模块模块十二2022、2023年各省市中考真题综合训练1．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）The________isChina’snationaltreasure.It’sakindofcuteanimalthatlikeseatingbamboo.A．panda B．tiger C．elephant2．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）I’mnothungryatallbecauseIjustatemuch________.A．apples B．bananas C．bread3．（2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）Look!Therearesome________eatinggrassonthehill.A．sheep B．cow C．horse4．（2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题）Billhasgottwo________.A．sister B．brothers C．student5．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon________Day,June1st.A．Child B．Child’s C．Children D．Children’s6．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—Wouldyoulikesome________?—Yes,madam.A．egg B．juice C．milkteas7．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考三模）—Lucygotfive________fromtherelativesonChildren’sDay.—Howhappysheis.A．toys B．toies C．toy8．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考模拟预测）Weshouldprotectanimalsbecausetheyarefriendsof________.A．we B．our C．ours9．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）________,whichbecomesafestivalofrespectingtheoldpeople,lovingandhelpingtheoldinChina.A．LanternFestivalB．DoubleNinthFestivalC．DragonBoatFestival10．（2022·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Auturmnis________bestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.A．/ B．a C．an D．the11．（2022·四川·统考中考真题）Ihave________eggandacupofmilkforbreakfasteveryday.A．不填 B．the C．a D．an12．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Myheadteacheralwaysteachesmetobe________honeststudent.A．the B．/ C．an D．a13．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）GuAilingis________excellentsportsstar.Sheachievedherdreaminthe2022WinterOlympicGames.A．a B．an C．/14．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）Ithinkplaying________footballis________goodwaytolearnthespiritofteamwork.A．a;the B．/;a C．the;a D．/;the15．（2022·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）Weknowthatthereis________“U”intheword“usually”.A．a B．an C．the16．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—I’dliketohelpkidswiththeirschoolwork.—Youcouldvolunteerin________after-schoolstudyprogramtoteachthem.A．the B．an C．a17．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Yueyangisoneofthetop10mostbeautiful________inChinathisyear.A．city B．cities C．citys18．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Hangzhouwillhold________19thAsianGamesin2023.A．a B．an C．the19．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Thesunisshining,andyou’dbettertake________umbrellawhenyougoout.—OK.It’s________usefulsuggestion.A．an;the B．a;an C．an;a20．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Jamesis_______hard-workingengineer.Hisspiritencouragesus.A．a B．an C．the D．/21．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Mymotherismaking________applepieandIwanttotry________piece.A．a;an B．a;不填 C．an;a D．an;不填22．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—DoyouknowJourneytotheWest?—Yes.It’s________interestingbook.Ilikeitverymuch.A．a B．an C．the D．/23．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）IwatchedTheWanderingEarthⅡlastnight.Itis________wonderfulfilm.A．a B．an C．the D．/24．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—Isthisyourpen?—No,itisn’t.________redoneismine.A．A B．An C．The25．（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）ItissaidthatPandaYaYawilllive________restofherlifeinherhometown,China.A．a B．an C．the D．不填26．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Myparentstookmetotheamusementparkon________Day.Thereweresomanyexcitingthingstodothere.A．Children’s B．Children C．Child’s27．（2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题）—Shallweplay________soccerthisafternoon?—Soundsgood,butIdon’thave________soccer.A．the;a B．a;the C．/;a28．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—Hi,WangLi,whoisMissDeng?—MissDengis________niceteacherandsheisverypopularinourschool.A．a B．an C．/29．（2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题）The________rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.A．telephone B．doorbell C．clock D．bike30．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）________fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.A．TonyandPeter’s B．Tony’sandPeter C．Tony’sandPeter’s31．（2022·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）Frommy________onthetopoftheTVtower,Icanhaveaperfectviewofourcity.A．tradition B．condition C．position D．situation32．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—Therewillbe________tomorrow.Wecan’teatout.—Well,wehavetostayathome.A．rainy B．rain C．raining33．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—Whatanimalsdidyouseeonthefarm,Tom?—Isawsome________.A．rabbit B．ducks C．sheeps34．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考模拟预测）—Howtimeflies!It’stwo_______sincewemetlast.—Soitis.Imissyousomuch.A．monthes B．months C．months’35．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）—Therewillbe________tomorrow.Wecanmakeasnowman.—Soundsgreat.A．snow B．snowy C．snowing36．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考二模）WeChineseusuallyputthingsontheplatewhilepeoplein________aresupposedtoputbreadonthetable.A．Japan B．Germany C．France37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）“The________trusthasbeenmygreatestsourceofstrength（力量源泉）togoforwardandalsothegreatestresponsibilityonmyshoulders,”ChinesePresidentXiJinpingsaid.A．people B．people’s C．peoples38．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考模拟预测）Iwilltrymybestfor________excitingprogressinlessthanonemonth.A．an B．a C．/39．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Moreandmore________wanttolearnaboutChineseculture.A．Germans B．German C．Germany D．Germans’40．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Hi,Lily,haveyoueverheardofZibo,________cityin________centerofShandongprovince,whichisknownforitsbarbecuethesedays?—Sure.Iexpecttovisititandhaveatasteofthespecialfood.A．a,a B．a,the C．the,the41．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题