2024届山东省临沂市高三下学期一模考试英语试题

2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（模拟）英语2024.3本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEYLEAConsumerBriefSummaryThissummarycontainsriskandsafetyinformationforpatientsaboutEYLEA.Itdoesnotincludealltheinformationanddoesnottaketheplaceoftalkingtoyoureyedoctor.WhatisEYLEA?EYLEAisamedicinethatworksbyblockingvascularendothelialgrowthfactor（VEGF）,whichcancausefluidtoleakintothemacula（视网膜黄斑）.WhatisEYLEAusedfor?EYLEAisindicatedforthetreatmentofpatientswith:·MacularEdemaFollowingRetinalVeinOcclusion（RVO）·DiabeticMacularEdema（DME）·DiabeticRetinopathy（DR）HowisEYLEAgiven?EYLEAisaninjection（注射）administeredbyeyedoctorandtheinjectionsaregivenondifferentschedules.Confirmwithyourdoctorwhichscheduleisappropriate.WhatarethemostcommonsideeffectsofEYLEA?·Eyepain·Lightsensitivity·IncreasedeyerednessFormorepossiblesideeffects,askyoureyedoctor.YouareencouragedtoreportnegativesideeffectsofprescriptiondrugstotheFDA.Visit/medwatch,orcall1-800-FDA-1088.WhatshouldItellmyeyedoctorbeforereceivingEYLEA?·Infectionsinoraroundtheeye·Eyepainorredness·BeingallergictoanyingredientsinEYLEA·BeingorplanningtobepregnantWherecanIlearnmoreaboutEYLEA?ForamorecomprehensivereviewofEYLEAsafetyandriskinformation,talktoyourhealthcareproviderandseethefullinformationatEYLEA.com.1.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Eyedoctors. B.Medicinestudents.C.Drugresearchers. D.Patientswitheyeconditions.2.HowcanyoulearnmoreaboutEYLEA?A.VisitEYLEA.com. B.Call1-800-FDA-1088.C.Visit/medwatch. D.Talktoamedicalprofessor.3.Whatisthistext?A.Amedicalreport. B.Anintroductiontoabook.C.Ahealthcarecontract. D.Apieceofmedicalinstructions.BWatfordandherfamilyhavelivedinCurtisBay,Baltimoreforgenerations.Hercommunityhasfacedenvironmentalinjustice.Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory（呼吸的）problems.Whensheknewaplantobuildthenation’slargesttrash-burningincinerator（焚化炉）lessthanamileawayfromherhighschool,sherealizedshehadtotakeaction.Theincineratorwasbeingsoldwronglyasclean,renewableenergyequipmentbutactuallyitwouldbeasourceofbrain-damagingchemicalsandwouldrelease200milliontonsofgreenhousegasesperyear,bothworsethancoalburning.Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibilitytowarnhercommunitytoworktogethertoshutthisplantdown.Sheco-foundedFreeYourVoice（FYV）,a10-personstudentorganizationdevotedtocommunityrightsandsocialjustice.Together,theydecidedtostartacampaigntotakedownEnergyAnswers,theincinerator’sdeveloper.Theywentdoor-to-doortalkingtoneighborsandorganizingprotests.WhenitwasdiscoveredthatBaltimoreCityPublicSchools（BCPS）wasgoingtobeacustomerofEnergyAnswers,theorganizationfoughtwiththeboardandpresentedtheircase,urgingBCPStowithdrawfromtheproject.BCPSwasconvincedtocanceltheircontract,whichinturninspired22othercustomerstodothesame.Withoutanyfinancialgain,EnergyAnswershadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.WatfordcontinuestoworkwithCurtisBayresidentstowardfairdevelopment.Theyhaveavisionforthefuturewhichincludesbuildingazero-wastemovement,asolarfarm,andgreenjobs.Shewantstheentirehumanfamilytojointhefightforenvironmentaljusticebecausesurvivalasaspeciesdependsonourabilitytotakeaction.4.WhatcausedrespiratoryproblemsinWatford’scommunity?A.Poormedicalcare. B.Terribleenvironmentalconditions.C.Constantbacterialinfection. D.Unbalanceddistributionofresources.5.WhatisWatford’sattitudetobuildingtheincinerator?A.Unfavourable. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Indifferent.6.Whatwastheresultoftheircampaign?A.BCPSlostfinancialsupport. B.EnergyAnswersstoppeditsplan.C.Theinvestorsfoundnewmarket. D.Manycustomersrevisedtheircontracts.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AteenageheroagainsturbanpollutionB.AteenageherofightingforanadvancedcityC.AbattleforBaltimore’sskybyateenageheroD.ThesocialjusticechallengeforateenageheroCHumansworkhardtoavoidviruses.Sickpeopleareisolated,diseasedanimalsarekilledandfieldsofinfectedcropsarefiredup.Reviving（复活）anancientviruswouldsurelybeadisaster.ButanewstudyledbyFiddamanfromOxford,challengesthisconventionalwisdom.Itshowshowtherevivalofanancientviruscanunlockthesecretsofitsevolution.ThevirusinthestudyisMarek’sdiseasevirus（MDV）,killingmorethan90%ofchickens.Yetwhenitwasdiscoveredin1907,MDVrarelycauseddeath.DrFiddamanwonderedwhetheritsnew-foundvirulence（毒性）wasaresultoflargestructuralchanges.Tofindout,heandhiscolleaguesgottheirhandsonnearly1,000chickenbonesfromancienttimesacrossEuropeandAsia,someofthemupto2000yearsold.SectionsofDNAfromtheseremainsweremappedontotheonesoftoday’svirus.AstheauthorspiecedtogetherthesetsofgenesofancientMDV,however,theynoticedthatthegeneswerearrangedidenticallytothoseinmodernspecies.Itsuggeststhattheincreasedvirulenceresultednotfromlargestructuralchanges,butfrompointmutations（突变）.Inparticular,changeshadoccurredinthearrangementofagenecalledMEQ,whichhasanessentialroleintumour（肿瘤）formation.ThisdiscoverysuggeststhattheancientMDVmaynothavebeenabletocausetumours.Totestthisassumption,DrFiddamanfollowedupwithadaringexperiment.HemadetheancientformoftheMEQgeneandshootitintolivingchickencells.Itdidnotturnonanyofthegenesassociatedwithtumourformation.Incomparison,amodernMEQgenequicklyshoweditstendencytocausetumours.Bycombiningancientandmoderngeneticbiology,themethodspioneeredinthepaperrevealhow,andmoreimportantlywhy,anyvirusmutates.Thatcouldhelpscientiststackleothervirusesthatpullonthepurse-stringsoffarmers—bydesigningnewvaccines（疫苗）,forinstance—oreventoworkouthowtopreventanotherglobalpandemic.8.Whatiswidelyacknowledgedabouttherevivalofanancientvirus?A.Itisachallengingtask. B.Itrevealsthevirusevolution.C.Itmeansadisasterforhumans. D.Ithelpspeoplefightdiseases.9.WhatcausedthevirulencechangeofMDV?A.PointmutationsinMEQ. B.Theoccurranceofanewgene.C.ThereproductionoftheancientMDV. D.Largestructuralchangesinmodernspecies.10.HowdidDrFiddamantesttheassumption?A.Byinvestigatingatypicalcase. B.Byconductingafieldsurvey.C.Bystudyingtherelatedtheories. D.Bydoingacomparativeexperiment.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Virusesweakengraduallywhentheymutate.B.Thefindingthrowslightonhandlingotherviruses.C.Aglobalpandemicrequiresaworldefforttoendit.D.Farmerswillfacemorecomplexchallengesthanbefore.DWhenAmericananthropologistColinTurnbullpublishedTheMountainPeoplein1972,hereferredtohissubjects—aUgandangroupcalledtheIk—as“thelovelesspeople.”Aftertwoyearsofobservations,hedecidedthattheyreflectedhumanity’sbasicinstincts（本能）:cheat,thievery,andpitilessness.ButwhenAthenaAktipisandhercolleaguesfromtheHumanGenerosityProjecttookadeeperlook,theyidentifiedacommunitythatsharedeverything.“TurnbullhadvisitedUgandaduringadisastrousfamine（饥荒）.Allhesawiswhathappenswhenpeoplearestarving.”saysAktipis.Butherteamrevealedthatdespitelivingunderpressure,theIkplacedahighvalueonhelpingoneanotherwhentheycould.Aktipisbelievesthataltruismismorecommonandbeneficialthanevolutionarysocialsciencehaslongthought.“Itwasassumedthatpeoplearedesignedtoonlydothingstohelpthemselvesortheirrelatives.”shesays.Bystudyingtheunique,selflesspracticesthathelpedninecommunitiesacrosstheworldtocontinuetoexist,theexpertsfromtheProjectarelookingtoshowthatweareindeedcapableofwidespreadcooperation.TheMaasaipeopleinKenyaprovideoneoftheproject’smainpoints.Theyrelyontwo-wayfriendshipsforresourceslikefoodorwaterwhenthey’reinneed,withoutexpectinganyrepayment.Also,aworldaway,inNewMexico,whilefolksoftenhelptransportcattleandreceivesupportinreturn,theywillassistwithoutrepaymentifsomeonefacesdifficulties,suchasaninjuryorthedeathofalovedone.Aktipisbelievestheoreticalframeworksshe’sperfectedthroughstudyingthesegroupscanapplybroadlytoanyinterdependentsystems.Herbiggoalistodesignsocial-servicesystemsthatsupporteveryone.Takemarket-basedinsuranceintheUnitedStatesasanexample:It’spricedbasedonindividualriskfactorssuchashealthhistoriesandwherepeoplelive,whichmeansmillionsofAmericanscan’taffordit.Butinasystembuiltonneighboring,pooledcosts（合并成本）wouldleveltheburdenduringcollectivehardshiplikenaturaldisastersandpandemics.12.WhatdidTurnbullthinkoftheIkpeople?A.Heartless. B.Helpful. C.Restless. D.Generous.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruism”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Tryingtobestrongandtoughtosurvive.B.Makingfulluseofthesurroundingresources.C.Beingdevotedtothemselvesortheirrelatives.D.Caringabouttheneedsandhappinessofothers.14.Whatdoesparagraph3intendtoconvey?A.Friendshipsguaranteeawell-beinglife. B.Folksassisteachothertogetsupport.C.Cooperationisagoodandnaturalinstinct. D.Peopletendtoprovideresourcesforfree.15.HowdoesAktipisintendtoapplyherfindings?A.Bydesigningapolicyforpublichealth.B.Bymonitoringindividualhealthhistories.C.Bycreatingasystemagainstcollectivehardship.D.Byloweringinsurancepricesforindividualvictims.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MarkCovington,founderoftheGeorgiaStreetCommunityCollectiveinDetroit,standsinacornerofhisurbanfarm,breathingthefreshairintheearlymorning.16Earlyintheday,thegreencropsgivinglifetotomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,andmorearebathedingold,asifbeingwateredbythesun.Thesoundsofdogs,pigs,roosters,andagroupofstirringbeesdrownoutthesoundsofthecity.In2007,Covingtonlosthisjobandreturnedtohischildhoodstreet.17“Itwasdirty,”hesaid.“Therewerealwaysvacantlots,buttheyhadalwaysbeenmaintainedforchildrentoplayon.”Heknewthatifhejustcleanedthemup,peoplewouldpileonthemagain.18Covingtonstartedwithasmallcommunitygarden.19Onemothersentthreechildrentohelphimbuildalargergardenwherethekidscouldgrowfood,staybusyduringthesummerandaddstructuretotheirlives.Littlebylittletheseedstookroot,asthehandsonthegardenthatwouldevolveintoafarmmultiplied.20Ononecorner:amoviescreenandapublicgardenwithvegetableandflowerbeds.Onanother:afarmandacommunitycenterinabuilding.Nearbyaregarlicbedsandagreenhouse.“It’ssomewhatspiritualforme,”Covingtonsays.“It’slikeasanctuary（圣殿）.Peoplecomehereanddon’twanttoleave.”A.Butifheplantedstuff,theymightnot.B.It’satypicalmorningsceneatthecollective.C.Hesawgarbagepiledhighinvacant,abandonedlots.D.Covingtonmadethegardenalittlebiggertoplantmore.E.Andalmostimmediatelyneighborsbeganaskingtoparticipate.F.Heplantedagardentohelpfeedresidentsandenrichtheirlives.G.Whatbeganasanefforttoremovetrashhasturnedintoasiteofcommunity.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Whateverthepatient’sageordisease,ahospitalstaycanbestressful,especiallyforkids.EffortslikeElla’sarea（an）21spotduringatoughtime.Itbeganin2018,whenEllacelebratedherbirthdayina22way—agiftdrive.Sincethen,ithas23eachyearinearlyOctober,afewweeksbeforeherbirthday.Alongwitha（an）24toherparty,Ella’sfriendsgetalistofgiftideasforkidsatthehospital.Fortheyoungest25,giftsmightincludebuildingblocksorstuffedtoys.Thenit’stimetosharethegifts.“Seeingotherpeople’s26—that’sallthatmatterstome,”Ellasays.Afterthefirstround,thenumberofdonations27everyyear.Butshedoesn’tkeepanexactcount.28,shejudgesbysight.“Wemeasurehowmuchofthecarpetitcoversinourlivingroom,”Ellasays.“Lastyear,it29theentirecarpet.”Allison,workingatBrighamChildren’sHospital,hasseenfirsthandthe30ofElla’sgift-giving.“Sheputssmileonthefacesoftheselittlepatientsinourhospital,”Allisonsays.“Theyareallamazedather31atsuchayoungage.”Ella’s32tohelpkidsinthehospitalhaveinspiredothersto33inherfootsteps.Friendshavecollectedand34giftsfortheirbirthdaystoo.“35toothersisagoodfeelingtohaveattheendoftheday,”Ellasays.“IwanttokeepdoingthisaslongasIcan.”21.A.independent B.extra C.free D.bright22.A.new B.private C.fancy D.natural23.A.workedout B.kickedoff C.givenout D.thoughtup24.A.letter B.recreation C.invitation D.cake25.A.workers B.patients C.parents D.nurses26.A.happiness B.recognition C.behavior D.admiration27.A.changes B.grows C.declines D.maintains28.A.Thus B.Somehow C.Sometimes D.Instead29.A.reached B.included C.decorated D.covered30.A.excitement B.effect C.inspiration D.feature31.A.generosity B.exploration C.ambition D.progress32.A.promises B.aims C.efforts D.proposals33.A.follow B.engage C.track D.mix34.A.received B.counted C.gathered D.donated35.A.Responding B.Relating C.Giving D.Comparing第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Playinganinstrumentorsinginginachoirmayboostyourbrain.Forgenerations,parents36（encourage）theirchildrentopracticeplayingmusicalinstruments.Parentshavegoodreasontoprioritizetheirchildren’smusicaleducation.Learninganinstrumentisnotonlyassociatedwith37（good）educationalattainmentbutalsowithimprovedcognitive（认知的）abilitiesandintelligence（智力）scoresinchildren.Theresultsofarecentstudy38（investigate）thisquestionshowedthatmusicalpeoplehadbettermemoryandtheabilitytostay39（focus）ontasksthanthosewithlessornomusicality.However,40madeadifferenceamongthosewhoplayedaninstrumentwaswhethertheycontinuedtoplay41hadonlyplayedinthepast.Currentamateurmusiciansexhibitedthehighestcognitiveperformanceamongparticipants.Continuedengagement42cognitivelystimulatingactivities,likeplayinganinstrument,islikely43（lead）tosustainedbrainhealth.Incontrast,playingtherecorderforonlythreeyearsinprimaryschoolmaynot44（significant）impactourcognitiveperformancelaterinlife.Giventheoverallbenefitsoflearninganinstrumentorparticipatinginachoir,engaginginsuchacognitive45（stimulate）asweagecouldbebeneficial.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假如你是李华，你校外教Ryan打算开展英语阅读活动，现向学生征求意见，请你给外教回复一封邮件，陈述建议并给出理由，内容包括：1.材料选择；2.阅读形式（小组合作或自主阅读）。注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearRyan,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Becky,a12-year-oldgirl,wasdeepinhermathshomework.HerfatherBillaskedhertohelpfixthegateofthestall（牛栏）.“Icouldn’tcomeoutandhelp,Daddy,”sheresponded,withoutevenlookingup.“I’llgetextramarksifIdotheseequations（方程式）.”Frowning,BillwasconcernedaboutBe