海南省2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题【含答案解析】

海南省2023—2024学年高二年级学业水平诊断(一)英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whydoesthewomancongratulatetheman?AHewaspraised.B.Hegotajob.C.Helearnednewskills.2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thenotesarelikepictures.B.Thehandwritingisterrible.C.Thewomanwritestoomuch.3.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisweekend?A.Stormy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.4.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.Therailwaystation.B.Thebusstation.C.Thelibrary.5.Whendoesthemanplantoreachthestation?A.At4:30.B.At5:00.C.At5:30.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthewoman?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Acoach.7.Whathappenedtothemanamonthago?A.Helosthissuitcase.B.Hegothisbackinjured.C.Hegavehisneighborasuitcase.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inanoffice.B.Inatheatre.C.Inastore.9.HowmanysweatersdoesLucybuyforherself?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Sisterandbrother.C.Customerandsalesgirl.11.Whydidthewomangetacreditcard?A.Tobuildagoodcreditrating.B.Tobuythingsatalowprice.C.Toavoidcarryingcash.12.Howdoesthewomanplantopayoffthecreditcardbill?A.Bysavingmoney.B.Byearningmoneybyherself.C.Byusingherbirthdaymoney.13.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman’sbehavior?A.Satisfying.B.Crazy.C.Reasonable.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inacinema.B.Inthewild.C.Athome.15.Whatdisappointedthemanspeakeraboutthemovie?A.Thespecialeffects.B.Theacting.C.Thestory.16.Whoisunusualinthewoman’sopinion?A.Thedoctor.B.Theofficer.C.Thecaptain.17.Whatdidthemanspeakerdoduringthemovie?A.Hefellasleep.B.Hekeptlaughing.C.Hearguedwiththewoman.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.WhydidFelixgiveupstudyingengineering?A.Hedidn’tliketheprofessor.B.Hewasbadlytreatedbyhisclassmates.C.Hehadnoconfidenceinlearningitwell.19.WhattalentdidFelixhave?A.Managingabusiness.B.Communicatingwithothers.C.Countingnumbers.20.WheredidFelixgethisfirstjob?A.InJapan.B.InCanada.C.IntheUSA.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHerearefouruniversitiesinMunich,Germanythatofferfreetuitionfortheirstudents.TechnicalUniversityofMunich(TUM)ThisuniversityisthebesttechnicaluniversityinGermany.Itwasestablishedin1868byKingLudwigⅡ.TheuniversitywasrenamedTechnischeUniversitatMünchenin1970.Itsalumni(校友)haveseveralNobelPrizewinners,includingKonradEmilBlochforMedicineorPhysiologyandRobertHuberforChemistry.ThisuniversityoffersundergraduatedegreesinAerospaceEngineering,ChemicalEngineering,NuclearTechnologyandothers.MunichUniversityofAppliedSciences(MUAS)Establishedin1971,theuniversityisthebiggestuniversityofappliedscienceinBavaria.Itsestablishmentwastheresultofsevencollegesofhighereducationjoiningtogether.Itoffersavarietyofbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesindifferentsubjects.Italsoworkswitharound200differenteducationalinstitutionsaroundtheworld.LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich(LMUM)ThisisapublicuniversityestablishedbytheDukeLudwigIXofBavaria-Landshutin1472.ItwasrenameditspresentnameinhonorofthefounderoftheuniversitybyKingMaximilianI.Theuniversitycountsseveralfamouspersonalitiesamongitsalumni,includingPopeBenedictXVI,2005NobelPrizewinnerinphysicsTheodorW.Hansch,andNobelPrize-winningnovelistThomasMann.UniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich(UT&FM)Establishedin1966,theuniversityisoneofthemostfamousfilmschoolsinGermany.Ithasstrictguidelineswhenitcomestotheadmissionofstudents.SomeofthealumnioftheuniversityhavereceivedtheAcademyAward.Amongthebetter-knownalumniisFlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck,whowonanAcademyAwardin2007forTheLivesofOthers.1.WhatisspecialaboutMunichUniversityofAppliedSciences?A.ItisthebiggestuniversityinGermany.B.Itfocusesontrainingtalentsofscience.C.IthassomeNobelPrizewinnersinitsalumni.D.Itwasfoundedbycombiningseveralcolleges.2.WhograduatedfromUniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich?A.PopeBenedictXVI. B.FlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck.C.KonradEmilBloch. D.ThomasMann.3.Whichuniversityhasthelongesthistory?A.TUM. B.MUAS. C.LMUM. D.UT&FM.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国慕尼黑的四所大学，包括其历史、专业和知名校友等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章MunichUniversityofAppliedSciences(MUAS)部分中的“Itsestablishmentwastheresultofsevencollegesofhighereducationjoiningtogether.(它的成立是七所高等教育学院联合起来的结果。)”可知，慕尼黑应用科技大学的独特之处是它由几所大学合并而来。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章UniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich部分中的“SomeofthealumnioftheuniversityhavereceivedtheAcademyAward.Amongthebetter-knownalumniisFlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck,whowonanAcademyAwardin2007forTheLivesofOthers.(这所大学的一些校友获得过奥斯卡金像奖。弗洛里安·汉高·冯·多纳斯马克是其中比较知名的校友，他在2007年凭借《他人的生活》获得了奥斯卡金像奖。)”可知，FlorianHenkelvonDonnersmarck毕业于慕尼黑影视大学。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章TechnicalUniversityofMunich(TUM)部分中的“Itwasestablishedin1868byKingLudwigⅡ.(它由路德维希二世于1868年建立。)”、“MunichUniversityofAppliedSciences(MUAS)”部分中的“Establishedin1971,theuniversityisthebiggestuniversityofappliedscienceinBavaria.(该大学成立于1971年，是巴伐利亚州最大的应用科学大学。)”、“LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich(LMUM)”部分中的“ThisisapublicuniversityestablishedbytheDukeLudwigIXofBavaria-Landshutin1472.(这是一所由巴伐利亚-兰茨胡特公爵路德维希九世于1472年建立的公立大学。)”以及“UniversityofTelevisionandFilmMunich(UT&FM)”部分中的“Establishedin1966,theuniversityisoneofthemostfamousfilmschoolsinGermany.(该大学成立于1966年，是德国最著名的电影学院之一。)”可知，LudwigMaximilianUniversityofMunich(LMUM)的历史最为悠久。故选C。BOntheeveningofJune22,aKunquOperaperformancetitledThePeonyPaviliontooktothestageofBeijing’sNorthernKunquOperaTheater,starringWeiChunrongintheroleofthefemaleprotagonist(主角),DuLiniang.Despitehavingperformedthepartonstageover300times,Weistillarrivedatthetheaterfourhoursearly,beingthefirstactressbackstagetogethermakeupdoneandchecktheequipment.Thisisahabitshe’smaintainedeversincefirstenteringtheworldofKunquin1982.KunquOperaoriginatedinJiangsuProvincesome600yearsago.AsoneoftheoldesttraditionalChineseoperas,Kunquisregardedasthe“ancestorofChinesedramas”andthe“motherofChineseoperas”.KunquOperaprospered(兴盛)duringtheMingDynasty,butsuddenlyexperiencedadownturninthemid-QingDynasty.Itslyrics(歌词),originallyflowery,eventuallybecamenon-understandable,whileitsmelodiessloweddowntowhatsomepeoplecalleda“funereallevel”.Kunquthereforebecameunacceptabletoallbutasmallnumberoffans.ButwhenUNESCOofficiallylistedKunquOperaasintangibleculturalheritagein2001,itreturnedtothespotlight.“Whenourapplicationprovedsuccessful,wewereallsohappyandproud.However,Isuddenlyrealizedthatitactuallymeantitsdecline(衰退)andthatitrequiredprotection.”Sincethen,WeihasdevotedherselftopreservingandpassingonherbelovedartofKunquOpera.ToaddressthelackofyoungtalentinKunquOpera,Weiherselftodayalsoteachesyoungeractors,doingforthemwhatherteachersdidforher.Offstage,Weiistheirfriend;onstage,sheaimstobringoutthebestinthemasperformersoftheartthroughhermasterlyknowhowandstrictdemands.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeWeiaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Devoted. B.Creative. C.Promising. D.Curious.5.WhatcanbelearnedabouttheKunquOpera?A.Itistheoldestopera. B.Itisespeciallypopularwiththeyoung.C.Itoncelostitsappeal. D.Itslyricsarelonganddifficult.6.WhatisWeidoingtoprotectKunquOpera?A.Promotingherselfasamaster.B.Passingitdowntoayoungergeneration.C.Gettingpeopletolearnmoreaboutitshistory.D.Givingasmanyperformancesaspossibleglobally.7.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.KunquOpera—IntangibleCulturalHeritageB.KunquOpera—fromProsperitytoDeclineC.TheOriginandHistoryoftheKunquOperaD.OneMaster’sCommitmenttotheKunquOpera【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一个关于昆曲表演艺术家魏春荣的故事，包括她对昆曲的热爱、对艺术的严谨态度以及她为传承昆曲所做出的努力。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“OntheeveningofJune22,aKunquOperaperformancetitledThePeonyPaviliontooktothestageofBeijing’sNorthernKunquOperaTheater,starringWeiChunrongintheroleofthefemaleprotagonist(主角),DuLiniang.Despitehavingperformedthepartonstageover300times,Weistillarrivedatthetheaterfourhoursearly,beingthefirstactressbackstagetogethermakeupdoneandchecktheequipment.Thisisahabitshe’smaintainedeversincefirstenteringtheworldofKunquin1982.(6月22日晚，一场名为《牡丹亭》的昆曲演出登上了北京北方昆剧院的舞台，由魏春荣饰演女主角杜丽娘。尽管这个角色已经在舞台上表演了300多次，但魏还是提前了4个小时到达剧院，成为第一个在后台化妆和检查设备的女演员。这是她自1982年第一次进入昆曲世界以来一直保持的习惯。)”可知，魏进入昆曲世界以来，一直都对这份工作非常投入，尽管表演过多次，仍然提前了4个小时到达剧院。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“KunquOperaprospered(兴盛)duringtheMingDynasty,butsuddenlyexperiencedadownturninthemid-QingDynasty.Itslyrics(歌词),originallyflowery,eventuallybecamenon-understandable,whileitsmelodiessloweddowntowhatsomepeoplecalleda“funereallevel”.Kunquthereforebecameunacceptabletoallbutasmallnumberoffans.(昆曲在明代兴盛，但在清代中期突然陷入低迷。它的歌词，原本华丽，最终变得难以理解，而它的旋律放慢到一些人所谓的“葬礼水平”。因此，除了少数爱好者外，昆曲对所有人来说都是不可接受的。)”可知，昆曲曾经一度失去了吸引力，很多人都不接受昆曲。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ToaddressthelackofyoungtalentinKunquOpera,Weiherselftodayalsoteachesyoungeractors,doingforthemwhatherteachersdidforher.Offstage,Weiistheirfriend;onstage,sheaimstobringoutthebestinthemasperformersoftheartthroughhermasterlyknowhowandstrictdemands.(为了解决昆曲中缺乏年轻人才的问题，魏老师现在也教年轻的演员，就像她的老师教她一样。在台下，魏是他们的朋友；在舞台上，她的目标是通过精湛的技术和严格的要求，使他们成为艺术表演者。)”可知，魏为了保护昆曲将昆曲传给了年轻一代。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“OntheeveningofJune22,aKunquOperaperformancetitledThePeonyPaviliontooktothestageofBeijing’sNorthernKunquOperaTheater,starringWeiChunrongintheroleofthefemaleprotagonist(主角),DuLiniang.Despitehavingperformedthepartonstageover300times,Weistillarrivedatthetheaterfourhoursearly,beingthefirstactressbackstagetogethermakeupdoneandchecktheequipment.Thisisahabitshe’smaintainedeversincefirstenteringtheworldofKunquin1982.(6月22日晚，一场名为《牡丹亭》的昆曲演出登上了北京北方昆剧院的舞台，由魏春荣饰演女主角杜丽娘。尽管这个角色已经在舞台上表演了300多次，但魏还是提前了4个小时到达剧院，成为第一个在后台化妆和检查设备的女演员。这是她自1982年第一次进入昆曲世界以来一直保持的习惯。)”、文章最后一段“ToaddressthelackofyoungtalentinKunquOpera,Weiherselftodayalsoteachesyoungeractors,doingforthemwhatherteachersdidforher.Offstage,Weiistheirfriend;onstage,sheaimstobringoutthebestinthemasperformersoftheartthroughhermasterlyknowhowandstrictdemands.(为了解决昆曲中缺乏年轻人才的问题，魏老师现在也教年轻的演员，就像她的老师教她一样。在台下，魏是他们的朋友；在舞台上，她的目标是通过精湛的技术和严格的要求，使他们成为艺术表演者。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了昆曲表演艺术家魏春荣对昆曲的热爱和为传承昆曲所做出的努力，因此最合适的标题是选项D“OneMaster’sCommitmenttotheKunquOpera(一位大师对昆曲的献身)”。故选D。CIntheanimalkingdom,therearemanyspeciesthatgivebirthtospottedyoung,fromdeertobirdsandfish.Evenspeciesthatwedon’ttypicallylinkwithspots,suchaslions,wearthepatternasbabies,onlytoloseitlaterinlife.Butwhatpurposedothesespotsserve,andwhydoonlysomespeciesseemtohavethem?KiyokoGotanda,abiologistatBrockUniversity,saiditislikelysocommonbecauseitfunctionsasexcellentcamouflage.Forexample,spottedyoungtendtobemorecommoninspeciesthatliveinhabitatswithsomehighgrassorforests,andlesscommoninenvironmentsthatareplain,likepackice.Indeed,babyseals(海豹)bornonpackicearepurewhite,anddevelopspotsonlywhentheyleavetheiceforrockybeachesbecausespotsareeasytobeseenonpackice,whichmaygetthemintodifficulties.Inotherrarercases,spotsactuallyhelpbabiesstandout.Younggaribaldi,afishfoundinCalifornia—havebright-bluespotsthatadvertisetheirlowsocialpositions.Asthefishgrowandstarttoengageinthesocialrankingorder,theirspotsdisappear.Otherspeciesmaylosetheirspotsastheyagebecausetheircolorgoesontoserveanotherpurpose.Lionsarebornwithmanyspots,yetthespotsmostlydisappearinadulthood.Males,inparticular,tradetheirspotsforthickhair,whichcanhelpthemattractfemaleones.Reproducing,ratherthanhiding,becomesthemainfocus.It’sunclearwhyananimallikeacheetahwouldmaintainitsspotswhilealiondoesn’t.Gotandasaiditmaycomedowntohuntingpractice.Lionshuntingroups,whilecheetahstendtohuntaloneandrelymoreheavilyonthesmokescreenpoweroftheirspotstogetnearprey(猎物).8.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“camouflage”inparagraph2?A.Guidance. B.Reminder. C.Attractant. D.Protection.9.Whichyounganimalsusespotstomarktheiridentity?A.Cheetahs. B.Seals. C.Garibaldi. D.Lions.10.WhichstatementmightGotandaagreewith?A.Whitespotsneedmoreenergytogrowandmaintain.B.Thewayofhuntingmayaffecttheexistenceofspots.C.Malelionstendtousespotstoattractstrongfemaleones.D.Spottedyounganimalsoftenappearinfeaturelessenvironments.11.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.Howspotshelpanimalsescapedanger.B.Whysomanybabyanimalshavespots.C.Whichkindofyounganimalshavespots.D.Whatmighthappentospottedyounganimals.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了为什么一些物种幼年时身上会长斑点的原因及斑点的用途。【8题详解】词句猜测题。由第二段中“KiyokoGotanda,abiologistatBrockUniversity,saiditislikelysocommonbecauseitfunctionsasexcellentcamouflage.(布洛克大学的生物学家KiyokoGotanda说，斑点之所以如此常见，可能是因为它具有出色的camouflage功能)”和第三段中“Indeed,babyseals(海豹)bornonpackicearepurewhite,anddevelopspotsonlywhentheyleavetheiceforrockybeachesbecausespotsareeasytobeseenonpackice,whichmaygetthemintodifficulties.(事实上，在浮冰上出生的海豹幼崽是纯白的，只有当它们离开冰面前往岩石海滩时才会长出斑点，因为浮冰上很容易看到斑点，这可能会给它们带来困难)”的具体举例可知，海豹幼崽出生时是纯白的，和浮冰颜色一致，如果刚出生时就长斑点，这对海豹幼崽来说很危险，而离开冰面前往岩石海滩时才会长出斑点，这时整体颜色会和岩石海滩一致，所以长斑点成为了融入周围环境的保护色，划线词意为“保护（Protection）”。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中“Younggaribaldi,afishfoundinCalifornia—havebright-bluespotsthatadvertisetheirlowsocialpositions.Asthefishgrowandstarttoengageinthesocialrankingorder,theirspotsdisappear.(加利福尼亚州发现的一种年幼的Garibaldi鱼有明亮的蓝色斑点，这表明它们的社会地位低下。随着鱼的生长并开始按照社会排名顺序排列，它们的斑点就会消失)”可知，Garibaldi鱼用斑点来标记自己的地位身份。故选C项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“It’sunclearwhyananimallikeacheetahwouldmaintainitsspotswhilealiondoesn’t.Gotandasaiditmaycomedowntohuntingpractice.Lionshuntingroups,whilecheetahstendtohuntaloneandrelymoreheavilyonthesmokescreenpoweroftheirspotstogetnearprey(猎物).(目前还不清楚为什么像猎豹这样的动物会保持自己的斑点，而狮子却不会。Gotanda说，这可能归结为狩猎习惯。狮子成群狩猎，而猎豹则倾向于独自狩猎，更依赖它们斑点的烟幕弹力量接近猎物)”可知，猎豹长大后会保持自己的斑点，而狮子却不会，Gotanda认为斑点的存在与两种动物的狩猎习惯有关。由此推知，Gotanda会认同“狩猎方式可能会影响斑点的存在”这个观点。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段“Intheanimalkingdom,therearemanyspeciesthatgivebirthtospottedyoung,fromdeertobirdsandfish.Evenspeciesthatwedon’ttypicallylinkwithspots,suchaslions,wearthepatternasbabies,onlytoloseitlaterinlife.(在动物界，有许多物种会产下斑点幼崽，从鹿到鸟类和鱼类。即使是我们通常认为没有斑点的物种，如狮子，在幼崽时期也会有这种图案，但在以后的生活中却会失去这种图案)”，第三段中“Forexample,spottedyoungtendtobemorecommoninspeciesthatliveinhabitatswithsomehighgrassorforests,andlesscommoninenvironmentsthatareplain,likepackice.(例如，斑点幼崽往往在生活在高草或森林栖息地的物种中更常见，而在平原环境（如浮冰）中则不太常见)”，第四段中“Inotherrarercases,spotsactuallyhelpbabiesstandout.(在其他罕见的情况下，斑点实际上有助于幼崽脱颖而出)”和第五段中“Otherspeciesmaylosetheirspotsastheyagebecausetheircolorgoesontoserveanotherpurpose.(其他物种可能会随着年龄的增长而失去斑点，因为它们的颜色会继续用于另一个目的)”可知，文章讲述了为什么一些物种幼年时身上会长斑点的原因及斑点的用途，B项“为什么这么多小动物都有斑点”符合文意。故选B项。DIfyou’veeverawokenfromavividdreamonlytofindthatyoucan’trememberthedetailsbytheendofbreakfast,you’renotalone.Peopleforgetmostofthedreamstheyhave—thoughitispossibletotrainyourselftoremembermoreofthem.Dreaminghappensmostlyduringrapideyemovement(REM)sleep.Duringthissleepstage,brainactivitylookssimilartothatinawakingbrain,withsomeveryimportantdifferences.Short-termmemoryareasareactiveduringREMsleep,butthoseonlyhangontomemoriesforabout30seconds.YouhavetowakeupfromREMsleeptorecall(记起)avividdream.If,instead,youpassintothenextstageofsleepwithoutwaking,thatdreamwillneverenterlong-termmemory.Ifyousleeponlysixhours,you’regettinglessthanhalfofthedreamtimeofaneight-hournight.Thosefinalhoursofsleeparethemostimportantfordreaming.Andpeopletendtorememberthelastdreamofthenight—theonejustbeforewaking.Otherfactorsalsocontributetowhetheryou’llrememberyournighttimeadventures.Womentendtorememberafewmoredreamsthanmenonaverage.Youngpeopleremembermoredreamsthanolderpeople.Memoryofdreamsincreasesinkidsfromtheageatwhichtheycancommunicateaboutthosedreams,plateaus(停滞)fromtheearlyteenstotheearly20sandthenverygraduallydeclinesinadultsovertherestoftheirlife.Therearealotofindividualdifferencesindreammemory,though.Somepeoplealmostneverrememberadreamwhileothersregularlyrecallseveraleachnight.Itispossibletotrainyourbraintoremembermoreofyourdreams.Ifyouwanttorememberyourdreams,you’dbettertakeamomentwhenyouwakeup,beforeyouevenmoveyourbody,tothinkaboutwhatyouwerejustdreamingandrememberasmuchaspossible.Thismovesthedreamfromshort-termmemorytolong-termmemory.12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutdreaming?A.Peoplearelesslikelytowakeupwhendreaming.B.Itcausesthesamebrainactivityasinawakingbrain.C.IthardlyevertakesplacebeyondREMsleep.D.Peopletendtoforgettheirdreamsinashorttime.13.Inwhatconditionmaywerecalladreamclearly?A.WhenwewakeupfromREMsleep.B.Whenwesleepwithrapideyemovement.C.Whenwepassintothenextstageofsleep.D.Whenwejustsleepforabout30seconds.14.Whichofthefollowingprobablyremembersthemostdreams?A.A54-year-oldmaleworker. B.A3-year-oldkindergartener.C.A23-year-oldfemaleartist. D.A30-year-oldmaleengineer.15.Howcanwemakeourdreamslongermemorized?A.Byrememberingmoredetailsimmediatelyafterwakingup.B.Bynotmovingourbodyforamomentafterwakingup.C.Bytrainingourbrainbeforesleepingduringthenight.D.Byreadingthrougharticlesuntilfallingasleep.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从睡眠模式的角度，介绍了人们会很快忘记自己做过的梦的原因，并提到了影响人们记忆梦的能力的其他因素，还分享了训练大脑记住更多梦的方法。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ifyou’veeverawokenfromavividdreamonlytofindthatyoucan’trememberthedetailsbytheendofbreakfast,you’renotalone.(如果你曾经从一个生动的梦中醒来，却发现在早餐结束时你不记得细节，你不是一个人)”和第二段“Short-termmemoryareasareactiveduringREMsleep,butthoseonlyhangontomemoriesforabout30seconds.YouhavetowakeupfromREMsleeptorecall(记起)avividdream.If,instead,youpassintothenextstageofsleepwithoutwaking,thatdreamwillneverenterlong-termmemory.(短期记忆区域在快速眼动睡眠期间是活跃的，但这些记忆只能维持大约30秒。你必须从快速眼动睡眠中醒来才能回忆起一个生动的梦。相反，如果你没有醒来就进入了下一阶段的睡眠，那么这个梦将永远不会进入长期记忆)””可知，很多人都有在早餐时就忘记醒来时的梦的遭遇。由此可知，人们往往会在短时间内忘记自己的梦。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Short-termmemoryareasareactiveduringREMsleep,butthoseonlyhangontomemoriesforabout30seconds.YouhavetowakeupfromREMsleeptorecall(记起)avividdream.If,instead,youpassintothenextstageofsleepwithoutwaking,thatdreamwillneverenterlong-termmemory.(短期记忆区域在快速眼动睡眠期间是活跃的，但这些记忆只能维持大约30秒。你必须从快速眼动睡眠中醒来才能回忆起一个生动的梦。相反，如果你没有醒来就进入了下一阶段的睡眠，那么这个梦将永远不会进入长期记忆)”可知，从快速眼动睡眠中醒来，避免进入下一阶段的睡眠，可以把梦从短期记忆转移到长期记忆，从而清晰地回忆起梦。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Womentendtorememberafewmoredreamsthanmenonaverage.Youngpeopleremembermoredreamsthanolderpeople.Memoryofdreamsincreasesinkidsfromtheageatwhichtheycancommunicateaboutthosedreams,plateaus(停滞)fromtheearlyteenstotheearly20sandthenverygraduallydeclinesinadultsovertherestoftheirlife.(平均而言，女性比男性更容易记住一些梦。年轻人比老年人记得更多的梦。孩子对梦的记忆在他们能够讨论这些梦的年龄开始增加，在青少年早期到二十出头达到平稳期，然后在成年人的余生中逐渐下降)”可知，就性别而言，女性比男性有记忆梦的优势；就年龄而言，人记忆梦的能力在能够讨论这些梦的儿时开始增加，在青少年早期至二十出头达到峰值，之后逐渐下降。比较所给选项可知，23岁的女艺术家在性别和年龄上记忆梦的能力都更强，有可能记得最多的梦。故选C项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifyouwanttorememberyourdreams,you’dbettertakeamomentwhenyouwakeup,beforeyouevenmoveyourbody,tothinkaboutwhatyouwerejustdreamingandrememberasmuchaspossible.Thismovesthedreamfromshort-termmemorytolong-termmemory.(如果你想记住你的梦，你最好在你醒来的时候，甚至在你移动身体之前，花一点时间想想你刚刚做了什么梦，并尽可能多地记住。这将梦从短期记忆转移到长期记忆)”可知，如果我们想让梦被记忆得更长久，我们可以在醒来后立即记住更多的细节。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lastyear,Idecidedtochallengemyselfandsignedupfora5-kilometerrace.IhadneverrunthatdistancebeforeandIknewitwouldrequirealotoftraining.Iknowyoga(瑜伽)isgoodforourhealth.____16____Idecidedtohaveatry.Asarunner,Ihadalwaysstruggledwithtightmuscles.SoIspentafewminuteseverydaydoingspecificyogaposes.____17____Notonlydidthisreducemyriskofinjury,butitalsomademyrunsmorecomfortableandenjoyable.Anothersignificantbenefitisimprovedbalance.Yogaposeshavehelpedmedevelopbetterbalance.____18____Betterbalancehasalsoimprovedmyoverallperformance,makingmeamoreefficientandeffectiverunner.____19____Itencouragesmetofocusonmybreathandbepresentinthemoment.Ihavefounditisanexcellentwaytodevelopemotionalresilience(柔韧性),askilltobringintoyourrunningroutine.AsIstartedtopracticemindfulnessduringyoga,InoticedthatIwasbetterabletostayfocusedduringmyruns.Iwouldn’tgetlostinmythoughtsordistractionsanymore.Instead,Icouldstaypresentandfocusedonmyformandbreath.Thishasmademyrunsmoreenjoyable.____20____Asarunner,it’sessentialtotakecareofyourbodyandmind,andyogacanhelpyoudothat.A.So,isyogagoodforrunners?B.Overtime,mymusclesstartedtoloosenup.C.Eversince,Ihavefalleninlovewithrunning.D.Atthesametime,yogamademyrunningmorechallenging.EIthasalsohelpedmeachievemyrunninggoalsmoreefficiently.F.Besides,yogaforrunnershashelpedmeimprovemymindfulness.G.Thishashelpedmemaintainproperformandavoidinjurywhilerunning.【答案】16.A17.B18.G19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者通过瑜伽练习对自己的跑步产生积极影响。【16题详解】由上文“Lastyear,Idecidedtochallengemyselfandsignedupfora5-kilometerrace.IhadneverrunthatdistancebeforeandIknewitwouldrequirealotoftraining.Iknowyoga(瑜伽)isgoodforourhealth.(去年，我决定挑战自己，报名参加了5公里的比赛。我以前从未跑过这么长的距离，我知道这需要大量的训练。我知道瑜伽对我们的健康有益)”可知作者报名参加了5公里跑步比赛，需要大量练习，已经知道瑜伽对健康有益，下文“Idecidedtohaveatry.(我决定试一试)”会让人思考作者要试什么，再结合下文大段篇幅讲瑜伽练习对作者跑步产生的积极影响和最后一段“Asarunner,it’sessentialtotakecareofyourbodyandmind,andyogacanhelpyoudothat.(作为一名跑步者，照顾好自己的身心是至关重要的，瑜伽可以帮助你做到这一点)”可知，该空应该引出瑜伽对跑步者有益与否这个问题，才能承接下文引出作者练习瑜伽并获得益处这件事，A选项“那么，瑜伽对跑步者有好处吗？”切合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】由上文“Asarunner,Ihadalwaysstruggledwithtightmuscles.SoIspentafewminuteseverydaydoingspecificyogaposes.(作为一名跑步者，我一直在与紧绷的肌肉作斗争。所以我每天花几分钟做特定的瑜伽姿势)”可知作者通过练习瑜伽来放松肌肉，再结合下文“Notonlydidthisreducemyriskofinjury,butitalsomademyrunsmorecomfortableandenjoyable.(这不仅降低了我受伤的风险，而且让我的跑步更加舒适和愉快)”讲练习瑜伽获得的好处可知，该空应该讲练习瑜伽对放松肌肉有用，B选项“随着时间的推移，我的肌肉开始放松。”切合语境。故选B项。18题详解】由上文“Anothersignificantbenefitisimprovedbalance.Yogaposeshavehelpedmedevelopbetterbalance.(另一个显著的好处是改善了平衡。瑜伽姿势帮助我更好地保持平衡)”可知练习瑜伽提高了作者跑步的平衡性，再结合下文“Betterbalancehasalsoimprovedmyoverallperformance,makingmeamoreefficientandeffectiverunner.(更好的平衡也提高了我的整体表现，使我成为一名更有效率和效率的跑步者)”讲更好的平衡给作者带来的益处，和下文中“also”可知，该空应该讲平衡性改善带来的第一个益处，G选项“这有助于我在跑步时保持动作正确，避免受伤。”切合语境，选项中“properform”呼应上文的“Yogaposes”。故选G项。【19题详解】由下文“Itencouragesmetofocusonmybreathandbepresentinthemoment.(它鼓励我专注于呼吸，并关注当下)”和第五段首句“AsIstartedtopracticemindfulnessduringyoga,InoticedthatIwasbetterabletostayfocusedduringmyruns.(当我开始在瑜伽中练习正念时，我注意到我在跑步时能够更好地保持专注)”可知，下文主要讲的是练习瑜伽帮助作者提高正念，该空应该引出正念的话题，F选项“此外，跑步者的瑜伽帮助我提高了正念。”切合语境，mindfulness同词复现。故选F项。【20题详解】由上文“AsIstartedtopracticemindfulnessduringyoga,InoticedthatIwasbetterabletostayfocusedduringmyruns.Iwouldn’tgetlostinmythoughtsordistractionsanymore.Instead,Icouldstaypresentandfocusedonmyformandbreath.Thishasmademyrunsmoreenjoyable.(当我开始在瑜伽中练习正念时，我注意到我在跑步时能够更好地保持专注。我再也不会迷失在思绪或分心的事情中了。相反，我可以保持现状，专注于我的状态和呼吸。这让我的跑步更加愉快)”可知，上文讲跑步者练习瑜伽获得正念提高的好处，正念提高反过来让作者的跑步更加愉快，再结合第一段讲作者在试瑜伽对跑步有益与否这件事，该空应该承接上文“Thishasmademyrunsmoreenjoyable.(这让我的跑步更加愉快)”继续讲瑜伽带来的正念提高对跑步产生的积极影响，E选项“它也帮助我更有效地实现了跑步目标。”切合语境。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Itwasasunnyafternoon.MyhusbandDaveandIhadjustarrivedhomefromhospital.Iparkedthecarinfrontofthehouse.Davewassotiredthatheleanedagainstthedoorandwaitedformetoopenitforhim.WhenIopenedit,he____21____outofthecarontotheground.Hewastoo____22____toraisehimself.Itriedtolifthim,butmy____23____endedfruitlessly.Ilookedaroundinalldirectionsforsomeonetohelpusbutnobodywas____24____.Iturnedtorunintothehousetomakea____25____.Justthen,amandressedinwhitewalkedtowardus.Icouldn’t____26____howheappearedsuddenlyasI’dseennoonesecondsbefore.HelookedatDaveonthegroundandaskedifweneeded____27____.Inodded,addingthatmyhusbandwasveryheavyand____28____tomove.“Letme____29____,”hesaid.HeputonehandunderDave’sarm.AsifDave_____30_____nomorethanafeather,themanliftedhim.HeputDave’sarmoverhisshoulderandputhisownarmaroundDave’swaisttokeephim_____31_____.AsI_____32_____thewayintothehouse,thetwomenwalkedupourfrontstairsandintoourhometogether.ThemanloweredDaveontoalittlesofa.HesmiledasDavetriedtothankhimandsaidhewas_____33_____