Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld高一英语单元阅读提升（译林版2020）

Unit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldUnit4ScientistswhochangedtheworldUnit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld核心词汇词组构词法republic,deadly,survival,province,broad,intend,herb,experiment,trial,limited,household,container,postpone,sufficient,data,error,wisdom,beneficial,conduct,illustrate,surround,indicate,accident,intelligent,favour,politician,electricity,theory,thunderstorm,metal,charge,electric,standout,bomb,involve,scientific,credit,moral,apply,ignorance,freedom,authority,permit,responsibility,declare,nationality,publish,marriage词组:referto,speedup,payoff,throughtrialanderror,byaccident,withabang,letsb.down,asto,takeitforgranted,putforward构词法:通过后缀构成抽象名词，如al,ness,ure,age等。核心语法ed形式的构成及其在句中所担任成分，尤其是在书面表达中的使用。必备能力语篇：人物报道类语篇的文本特点；识别细节；学会如何下定义；表达：如何用英文介绍人物，撰写校园科学节方案。学科素养运用所学语言知识介绍中外著名科学家，推介中医中药，比较中西医的异同，策划一次科学节。核心价值1.学习中外优秀科学家的优秀品质；2.在学习和日常生活中培养勇于探索的科研精神。引言解读Thescientistismotivatedprimarilybycuriosityandadesirefortruth.—IrvingLangmuir释义：科学家的动机主要是源于好奇心和对真理的渴望。——欧文·朗缪尔启示：纵观历史，在科学研究领域，好奇心是促使研究者不断探索、勇于进取的源泉和动力。高中生应该保持对周围世界的好奇,并将其根植于心中,让它生根发芽；并通过自己的努力，去探索未知的世界，实现人生的目标，造福人类。OtherquotesfromIrvingLangmuir1.Historyprovesabundantlythatpurescience,undertakenwithoutregardtoapplicationstohumanneeds,isusuallyultimatelyofdirectbenefittomankind.历史充分证明，不考虑人类需求应用的纯科学最终通常会给人类带来直接利益。2．HappyindeedisthescientistwhonotonlyhasthepleasureswhichIhaveenumerated,butwhoalsowinstherecognitionoffellowscientistsandofthemankindwhichultimatelybenefitsfromhisendeavors.科学家确实是幸福的，他不仅拥有我所列举的乐趣，而且还赢得了科学家同行和人类的认可，最终从他的努力中受益。3．Tomymind,themostimportantaspectoftheNobelAwardsisthattheybringhometothemassesofthepeoplesofallnations,arealizationoftheirmoninterests.Theycarrytothosewhohavenodirectcontactwithsciencetheinternationalspirit.在我看来，诺贝尔奖最重要的一点是让各国人民群众认识到他们共同利益的实现。他们向那些没有直接接触科学的人传递了国际精神。本单元旨在帮助学生认识科学发现的巨大推动作用，理解科学家的责任担当和科学精神的价值所在。在“人与社会”的主题引领下,利用“科学家、科学发现和科学精神”话题，通过新闻报道、策划方案，演讲和事实档案几种不同语篇类型来实现本单元的主题探究。名言作者简介IrvingLangmuirwasborninBrooklyn,NewYork,onJanuary31,1881.HegraduatedfromtheSchoolofMinesatColumbiaUniversityin1903.PostgraduateworkinPhysicalChemistryunderProfessorNernstinGöttingeninGermanyearnedhimthedegreesofM.A.andPh.D.in1906.Langmuirstudiedchemistry,physics,andengineering.Hisworkonfilamentsingasesleddirectlytotheinventionofthegasfilledincandescentlampandtothediscoveryofatomichydrogen.Hewasthefirsttoobservetheverystableadsorbedmonatomicfilmsontungstenandplatinumfilaments,andwasable,afterexperimentswithoilfilmsonwater,toformulateageneraltheoryofadsorbedfilms.Inchemistry,hisinterestinreactionmechanismcausedhimtostudystructureandvalence,andhecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheLewistheoryofsharedelectrons.Hisachievementsgainedhimalotofawards,ofwhichthemostimportantistheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1932.Besides,hehadservedasPresidentoftheAmericanChemicalSocietyandasPresidentoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.AndHonorarydegreesweregivenuponLangmuirby13collegesanduniversities.HemarriedMarionMersereauin1912.Theyhadasonandadaughter.Afterashortillness,hediedonAugust16,1957.(215words)全文翻译欧文·朗缪尔于1881年1月31日出生于纽约布鲁克林。1903年,他毕业于哥伦比亚大学矿业学院。1906年,他在德国哥廷根大学能斯特教授的指导下，进行物理化学研究生工作,并获得了硕士和博士学位。朗缪尔的研究涵盖化学、物理和工程学。他对气体灯丝的研究直接导致了充气白炽灯的发明和原子氢的发现。他是第一个观察到钨丝和铂丝上非常稳定的吸附单原子薄膜的人,并且在对水上油膜进行实验后,能够制定吸附薄膜的一般理论。在化学领域,他对反应机制的兴趣促使他研究结构和效价,并为路易斯共享电子理论的发展做出了贡献。他的成就使他赢得了众多的奖项。其中最重要的是1932年获得的诺贝尔化学奖。此外,他曾担任美国化学会主席和美国科学促进会主席。共有十三所大学授予朗缪尔荣誉学位。1912年,他与MarionMersereau结婚,并育有一儿一女。在短暂患病后,他于1957年8月16日去世。词汇积累1.postgraduaten.研究生2.filamentn.灯丝3.incandescentadj.白炽的4.tungstenn.钨5.platinumfilament铂丝6.formulatev.制定7.mechanismn.机械装置8.valencen.效价语篇品读TraditionalChineseMedicine语篇出处TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)isapletemedicalsystemthathasbeenusedtodiagnose(诊断),treat,andpreventillnessesformorethan2,000years.TCMisbasedonabeliefinyinandyang,definedasopposingenergies,suchasearthandheaven,winterandsummer,andhappinessandsadness.Whenyinandyangareinbalance,youfeelrelaxedandenergized.Outofbalance,however,theynegativelyaffectyourhealth.Disease,alterationsinthenormalflowofqisuchthatyinandyangareimbalanced,isthoughttohavethreemajorcauses:externalorenvironmentalfactors,yourinternalemotions,andlifestylefactors,suchasdiet.Throughtheuseofitsuniquetreatment,TCMstimulates(刺激)thebody'sownhealingmechanisms.PracticesusedinTCMinclude:acupunctureandacupressure,moxibustion(burninganherbneartheskin),herbalmedicine,nutrition,Chinesemassage(calledtuina),exercise(suchastaichiandqigongwhichbinemovementwithmeditation).Chineseimmigrants(移民)hadbeenpracticingTCMintheUnitedStatessincethemid19thcentury,butitsexistencewasunknowntomostAmericansbefore1971.Thatyear,NewYorkTimesreporterJamesReston,whowasinChinacoveringformerPresidentNixon'strip,hadtohaveanemergencyappendix(阑尾)operation.Aftertheoperationhereceivedacupunctureforpain,andhisstoriesaboutthisexperiencewithTCMfascinatedthepublic.Sincethen,TCMhasgoneontobeeamainstreamalternativemedicinepracticedallovertheworld.读写结合I.阅读左边的短文，选出最佳答案。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyrefertoinparagraph1?A.Earthandheaven.B.Winterandsummer.C.Happinessandsadness.D.Yinandyang.2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.ThehistoryofTCM.B.FunctionsofTCM.C.HowdoesTCMwork?D.WhyisTCMpopular?3.Accordingtothetext,whohelpedTCMtoberecognizedbytheworld?A.Chineseimmigrants.B.ReporterJamesReston.C.PresidentNixon.D.ChineseTCMpracticers.4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.TCMdidn’tappearintheUnitedStatesuntil1971.B.Practicingtaichiisnotgoodforpatientstorecover.

C.ThebalanceofyinandyangisthebasictheoryofTCM.D.PresidentNixonvolunteeredtopromoteTCMbyhimself.【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.CII.结合所学到的知识，写一篇短文：介绍中西医在诊断和治疗疾病方面的不同。Asweallknow,traditionalChinesedoctorsmakediagnosisbyanalyzingpatient’stongue,pulse,andwholebodysituation(reaction,hair,postureetc.)duringhistory.Doctorsobservesymptomsrelatedtotheimbalanceofyinandyang.WhileWesternMedicinebasesonevidence.Doctorsusemodernscientificinstrumentstocheckonthehumanbody.Diagnosiswon’tappearuntilallevidencesarecollected.Intermsoftreatment,TCMbasesonthetheoryofbalancebetweenyinandyang.Thetreatmentmaybedifferentevenifwiththesamesymptom.Ontheotherhands,differentdiseasesmayusethesamemethodoftreatmentiftheyhavesimilaryinandyangimbalance.Medicinesaremostlyfromnature,forexample,herbs.Onthecontrary,WesternMedicinedirectlytargetstohowthediseasearises.Forexample,doctorswilluseantibioticstokillbacteria,orusesurgerytoremovethebadtissueofthebody,etc.Chemicalmedicinesandsurgeryarethetwomajormeansusedtohelpthepatients.Passage1主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与自我生命的意义与价值年龄最小的诺贝尔获奖者及其贡献★★★★（20232024学年湖南长沙麓山国际实验学校高一第一次适应性检测）阅读理解MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkadvancingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.Bornin1997,MalalagrewupintheSwatValleyinnorthernPakistan,wheretheleadingpartygainedcontrolin2007,andeducationforgirlsandculturalactivitieslikeplayingmusicandflyingkiteswerebanned(禁止).Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool.Fortunately,Malalasurvivedtheattackandcontinuedherworkfromabroad,eventuallybeingtheyoungestpersonevertoreceivetheNobelPeacePrizein2014,attheageofjust17.Malala’sstoryprovesthepowerofculturaldiversityandtheimportanceoffightingforequalrightsandopportunitiesforalltotheworld.Herunshakabledevotiontoeducationandhelpingwomenandgirlsfortheirrightshasinspiredpeoplearoundtheworldandservesasareminderthateveninthefaceofgreatadversities,changeispossible.Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld’sleastdevelopedareas.Today,Malalacontinuestobealeadingvoiceinthefightforequalityandjustice,andherstoryalsoservesasapowerfulreminderoftheimportanceofpreservingandcelebratingdiversityinallitsforms.1.WhatdoesMalalaYousafzaiwantmosttoachieveforgirlsinPakistan?A.Theirrightsforvoting. B.Theirrightsforschooling.C.Theiropportunitiesforjobs. D.Theirchancesforkeypositions.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adversities”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Times. B.Difficulties. C.Situations. D.Puzzles.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMalalaYousafzai?A.Ambitiousandenergetic. B.Responsibleandthoughtful.C.Braveanddetermined D.Pioneeringandadventurous.4.WhatdoesthetextmainlyfocusonaboutMalala?A.Hersurvivingthekilling.B.HerwinningtheNoblePeacePrize.C.Herseekingforjusticeforherpeople.D.Herfightingforequalrightsforfemales.【答案】1.B2.B3.C4.D【解析】本文是记叙文。这篇短文主要介绍了巴基斯坦的一个年少女孩——MalalaYousafzai。她因为争取妇女平等权利而获得诺贝尔和平奖。【1题详解】细节理解题。原文第一段“MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.(马拉拉•优素福扎伊是最年轻的诺贝尔奖得主，她是一名巴基斯坦少女。她最为人所知的是她在促进巴基斯坦妇女和女孩的教育和权利方面的出色工作)”可知，马拉拉•优素福扎伊为巴基斯坦女孩争取最大的利益是接受教育的权利。选项B中的schooling，意思就是education。故选B。设问方式为语义转换，即换一种说法。通常是用简单常见的表达替换复杂不常见或专业的说法。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据三段“Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool.(尽管有危险，马拉拉继续上学，并成为巴基斯坦女孩受教育权的直言不讳的演讲者。2012年，15岁的她在放学回家的路上头部中弹)”可知，在争取权益的过程中会面临挑战和危险，结合划线词所在句“Herunshakabledevotiontoeducationandhelpingwomenandgirlsfortheirrightshasinspiredpeoplearoundtheworldandservesasareminderthateveninthefaceofgreatadversities,changeispossible.(她坚定不移地致力于教育事业，帮助妇女和女童争取权利，这激励了世界各地的人们，并提醒人们，即使面临巨大的adversities，变革也是可能的)”可推知，划线词adversities即上文指的在争取权利过程面临的“困境，危险”，与B项difficulties(困难)意思相近。故选B。本小题的设问方式是通过上下文的语义和逻辑来推断出生词的含义。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Despitethedangers,MalalacontinuedtoattendschoolandbecameanoutspokenspeakerforeducationalrightsforgirlsinPakistan.In2012,attheageof15,shewasshotintheheadonherwayhomefromschool(尽管有危险，马拉拉继续上学，并成为巴基斯坦女孩受教育权的直言不讳的演讲者。2012年，15岁的她在放学回家的路上头部中弹)”和倒数第二段“Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld’sleastdevelopedareas.(除了她的工作，马拉拉还成立了马拉拉基金，旨在为世界上一些最不发达地区的女孩提供教育和资源)”可知，尽管马拉拉遭遇危险，但是她并没有妥协，而是继续勇敢的为妇女权利而战。由此推知，她是勇敢并坚定的。故选C。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“MalalaYousafzai,theyoungestNobelPrizewinner,isaPakistaniteenagegirl.AndsheisbestknownforherwonderfulworkpromotingtheeducationandrightsofwomenandgirlsinPakistan.(马拉拉•优素福扎伊是最年轻的诺贝尔奖得主，她是一名巴基斯坦少女。她最为人所知的是她在促进巴基斯坦妇女和女孩的教育和权利方面的出色工作)”和倒数第二段“Inadditiontoherwork,MalalahasalsofoundedtheMalalaFund,whichaimstoprovideeducationandresourcestogirlsinsomeoftheworld’sleastdevelopedareas.(除了她的工作，马拉拉还成立了马拉拉基金，旨在为世界上一些最不发达地区的女孩提供教育和资源)”可推知，文章主要集中讲述了马拉拉为女性争取平等权利的斗争。故选D。Passage2主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会科学与技术机器人接管人类的忧虑★★★★（江苏省扬州中学20222023学年第二学期期中考试高一英语）阅读理解It’seasytobelievethatrobotsarestealingjobsfromhumanworkersandbadlyaffectthejobmarket;afterall,you’velikelyheardthattheyaretrackingandmovingpackageswithouttheuseofhumanhands.Butthere’snoneedtoworryaboutarobottakeoverjustyet,saysanewstudyfromBYUsociologyprofessorEricDahlin.Dahlin’sresearchfoundthatrobotsaren’treplacinghumansattheratemostpeoplethink,butpeoplearelikelytogreatlyexaggerate(夸大)therateofrobottakeover.Tounderstandtherelationshipbetweenjoblossandrobots,Dahlinsurveyednearly2,000peopleabouttheirviewsonjobsbeingreplacedbyrobots.Theywerefirstaskedtoguesswhatisthepercentageofemployeeswhoseemployershavereplacedjobswithrobots.Theywerethenaskedwhethertheiremployershaveeverreplacedtheirjobswithrobots.Thestudyfoundthatonly14%ofworkerssaythey’veseentheirjobreplacedbyarobot.Butthosewhohaveexperiencedjobdisplacementduetoarobotoverstatetheeffectofrobotstakingjobsfromhumansbyaboutthreetimes.“Ourunderstandingofrobotstakingoverjobsisgreatlyexaggerated,”saysDahlin.Thosewhohaven’tlostjobsoverstateitbyaboutdouble,andthosewhohavelostjobsoverstateitbyaboutthreetimes.Eyecatchingheadlinessayingabadfutureofemploymenthavelikelyoverblownthesituationofrobotstakingoverjobs.Thefindingfitsearlystudies,whichsuggestthatrobotsaren’treplacingworkers.Rather,workplaces,wherebothemployeesandrobotsareworkingtogether,delivermorevalueinaway.“Aneverydayexampleisanautonomousmachineatyourlocaldepartmentstore,”saysDahlin.“Thisrobotcleansthefloorswhileemployeescleanundershelvesorotherdifficulttoreachplaces.”5.HowdidEricDahlincarryouthisresearch?A.Byaskingpeoplequestions. B.Byparingearlystudies.C.Byinterviewingemployers. D.Bystudyingnewbusinesses.6.Whatmightaddtopeople’sworryaboutrobottakeoveraccordingtothetext?A.Lowpay. B.Physicalhealth.C.Newsreports. D.Fewerworkplaces.7.WhichstatementwillEricDahlinprobablyagreewith?A.Workexperiencematterstoomuch.B.Jobmarketswillbeaffectedseriously.C.Allhumanworkerswillbereplaced.D.Robotscanworkashumanpartners.8.Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Todiscusswhetherrobotsarereallybetterthanhumans.B.Toremovetheworrythatrobotswillreplacehumanspletely.C.Tostateafactthatmediaplayaveryimportantroleinjobmarkets.D.Todescribeaphenomenonthathumansarebeingreplacedbyrobots.【答案】5.A6.C7.D8.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了杨百翰大学社会学教授埃里克·达林（EricDahlin）的一项新研究表明，目前还没有必要担心机器人会接管人类。达林的研究发现，机器人取代人类的速度并不像大多数人想象的那样快，但人们可能会大大夸大机器人取代人类的速度。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tounderstandtherelationshipbetweenjoblossandrobots,Dahlinsurveyednearly2,000peopleabouttheirviewsonjobsbeingreplacedbyrobots.Theywerefirstaskedtoguesswhatisthepercentageofemployeeswhoseemployershavereplacedjobswithrobots.Theywerethenaskedwhethertheiremployershaveeverreplacedtheirjobswithrobots.”（为了了解失业和机器人之间的关系，达林调查了近2000人对机器人取代工作的看法。他们首先被要求猜测雇主用机器人取代工作的员工比例。然后，他们被问及雇主是否曾用机器人取代过他们的工作。）可推知，埃里克·达林是通过问别人问题来进行他的研究的。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Eyecatchingheadlinessayingabadfutureofemploymenthavelikelyoverblownthesituationofrobotstakingoverjobs.”（引人注目的头条新闻称，就业前景堪忧，这可能夸大了机器人取代人类工作的情况。）可知，新闻报道会增加人们对机器人接管的担忧。故选C项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thefindingfitsearlystudies,whichsuggestthatrobotsaren’treplacingworkers.Rather,workplaces,wherebothemployeesandrobotsareworkingtogether,delivermorevalueinaway.“Aneverydayexampleisanautonomousmachineatyourlocaldepartmentstore,”saysDahlin.“Thisrobotcleansthefloorswhileemployeescleanundershelvesorotherdifficulttoreachplaces.”（这一发现符合早期的研究，即机器人不会取代工人。相反，员工和机器人一起工作的工作场所在某种程度上创造了更多的价值。达林说：“一个日常的例子是你当地百货公司的自动机器。“机器人会清洁地板,而员工清洁货架下面或其他机器人难以触及的地方时。”）可推知，埃里克·达林可能会同意机器人可以作为人类的伙伴工作这一说法。故选D项。【8题详解】写作意图。由第二段可知。“Butthere’snoneedtoworryaboutarobottakeoverjustyet,saysanewstudyfromBYUsociologyprofessorEricDahlin.Dahlin’sresearchfoundthatrobotsaren’treplacinghumansattheratemostpeoplethink,butpeoplearelikelytogreatlyexaggerate(夸大)therateofrobottakeover.”（但杨百翰大学的社会学家EricDahlin教授说，目前尚没有必要担心机器人会代替人工的问题。Dahlin的研究发现，机器人现在并没有以人们想象的速度代替人类。人们可能夸大了这个速度。）所以选B。那为什么人们会有这个错觉？通过研究作者发现：被采访对象的不同，对此所持的态度也不同。“Thestudyfoundthatonly14%ofworkerssaythey’veseentheirjobreplacedbyarobot.Butthosewhohaveexperiencedjobdisplacementduetoarobotoverstatetheeffectofrobotstakingjobsfromhumansbyaboutthreetimes.”(研究发现，14%的工人说他们的工作被机器人替换了。但是对于那些真正经历过工作被机器人替换的人来说，其说法大约夸大了三倍。)接下来的“Thosewhohaven’tlostjobsoverstateitbyaboutdouble,andthosewhohavelostjobsoverstateitbyaboutthreetimes.Eyecatchingheadlinessayingabadfutureofemploymenthavelikelyoverblownthesituationofrobotstakingoverjobs.”（而那些未经历过工作被机器人接替的人来说，其说法大约夸大了两倍。未来就业糟糕这类引人注目的标题，可能过分渲染了机器人接替人工的氛围。）再到“Thefindingfitsearlystudies,whichsuggestthatrobotsaren’treplacingworkers.”）所有的这些都是错觉的原因，误导了很多人。Passage3主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与自我生活与学习如何建造自己的化学实验室★★★本文出处：BuildYourOwnChemistryLabIfyoureallyenjoydoingchemistryexperiments,itmightbeagoodideatobuildyourownlabathome.Itisessentialthatyoudoeverythingsafelyandobtainchemicalsuppliesinanappropriateway.12Manychemicalsandchemicalreactionsreleasesmellsthatcanbedangeroustoyourhealth.Properairflowisessentialforyourhomechemistrylab.Inaddition,youwanttoworkinadryspace.Temperatureisimportantforthelongtermstorageofmanychemicals.Ensurethelocationhasalotoflight.Beingabletoseewhatyouaredoingduringexperimentsisextremelyimportant.Ifyourspacedoesnothaveenoughlight,buysomefloorlampstoincreasethelighting.3Roomswithwindowsprovidenicenaturallightandincreasetheventilation.Worknearrunningwater.Althoughnotessential,havingaccesstorunningwaterandthesewersystemcanbeveryconvenient.Itisgoodnotonlyforyourexperimentsbutalsofromasafetyperspective.Ifthisisnotpossible,fillalargecontainer,suchasa5gallonbottle,withwater.Youwillneedwaterformanyofyourexperiments.4Getthebasicequipmentandtoolsforexperiments.5Sothermometers,pHpaper,amilligramscale,hotplates,stirplates,andstirbarsareallessentialtostartingyourlab.Toolssuchasforceps,scoops,andtongsforhotflasksareusefulaswell.Asmallbasicmicroscopemightalsobebeneficial,too.(275words)A．Chooseanairyroom.B．Askachemistforadvice.C．Herearesometipsforyou.D．Preparesomeusefulchemicals.E．Itisusefultohavealargeamountnearby.F．Acleverwomancan’tmakeamealwithoutrice.G．Awelllitspacewillhelpavoidinjurywhileexperimenting.【答案】1．C2．A3．G4．E5．F【解析】这是一篇应用文，谈到了几个家庭自建化学实验室的建议。1．承上启下，引出以下的建议。故选C。注意这种“总—分—分”结构的语篇。2．主题句的考查。下文“Properairflowisessentialforyourhomechemistrylab.”可以推出通风是首先要考虑的事情。故选A。3．内容、意义一致。本段句首“Ensurethelocationhasalotoflight”暗示只有“Awelllitspacewillhelpavoidinjurywhileexperimenting.”与这句在内容上一致。故选G。4．意思的递进。本段句首“Worknearrunningwater.”表明实验室需要靠近水源。先是说“Althoughnotessential，”到“fillalargecontainer,suchasa5gallona5gallonbottle,withwater；”接下来便是最好还是有大量的水，即“Itisusefultohavealargeamountnearby.”故选E。5．对比对照。段首说“Getthebasicequipmentandtoolsforexperiments”（做实验需要必要的工具）.“Acleverwomancan’tmakeamealwithoutrice.”（巧妇难为无米之炊）与前一句形成对比，行文上相互呼应。故选F。学法指导人物类新闻报道常是按时间顺序展开的，突出人物的成长和研究经历，以及所取得的成就。阅读时，关注以下几方面的细节：Greatachievement.Name,dateandplaceofbirthoftheindividual.Educationandoccupation.Overedifficulty.Finalsuccess.Individual'ssignificancetotheirfieldandimpactontheworld.人物类新闻报道和人物传记有相同之处，尤其是他们的成就。例如：都是对人物的介绍。但新闻报道更加注重时效性，报道的是刚刚（或近期）发生的事情，时态甚至会用一般现在时，如本文的标题Chinesescientistswins2015NobelPrize。篇幅相对于人物传记而言要短很多。新闻的特点限制了记者不可能花上大篇幅来介绍人物及其相关事件，往往只择其要点。I.阅读课文，完成下面表格，每空不超过三个单词。BasicinformationaboutTuYouyouBirthtime1930BirthplaceNingbo,ZhejiangProvinceGraduatedfromBeijingUniversityWorkedatTheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineResearchfieldMakeqinghaosuextractPurposeCureformalariaAchievementExtractedqinghaosuPrizeTheNobelPrizeininPhysiologyorMedicinein2015TextConponentPartsParagraphsMainideaI1TuYouyouwonthe2015NobelPrizeforthediscoveryofqinghaosu.II2TuYouyouacquiredabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.III35TuYouyouandherteamsolvedalotofproblemsbeforetheysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu.IV6TuYouyouandherteam'seffortsfinallypaidoff.ProblemsandsolutionduringtheresearchTheextractsfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults.TuYouyoureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain,redesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheqinghaoherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.Tuandherteamcouldnotproduceenoughqinghaoextractbecauseresearchresourceswerelimited.TuYouyouandherteammanagedtofindsolutionstotheproblem,e.g.usinghouseholdwatercontainersinsteadofresearchequipment.Tuandherteamdidnothavesufficientsafetydatatostarttrialsonpatients.TuYouyouandherteamvolunteeredtotesttheqinghaoextractonthemselves.FurtherdicussionFinequalitiesTuYouyoushowsasascientistWelleducated,brave,perseverance,focused,careful,earnest…YouropinionabouttraditionalChinesemedicinePractical,economical,easytouse,II.课文阅读理解1．Whichfactisnotmentionedinthetext?A.Tu’smedicalexperiments.B.Tu’seducationbackground.C.Theclinicaltestofqinghaosu.D.Themarketperformanceofqinghaosu.2．Wheremightthepassageprobablybetakenfrom?A．Adoctortrainingmanual. B．Anewsreportinanewspaper.C．Anewmedicineinstruction. D．AautobiographyofTuYouyou.3.WhichsentencecanNOTbeusedtodescribeTu’swaytosuccess?A.Romewasnotbuiltinaday. B.ChancefavorsthepreparedmindC.WheninRomedoastheRomesdo. D.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.4．What'sprobablythemainideaofthetext?A．TuYouyou'sgreatestcontributiontothetraditionalChinesemedicine.B．AintroductiontoTuYouyou’sgreatvalueincuringthediseasemalaria.C．HowwasfemalescientistTuYouyoufamousallovertheworldovernight.D．FemaleChineseNobelPrizewinnerTuYouyouandherresearchforcuringmalaria.5．WhatcanbeinferredfromtheTuYouyou’sexperience?A．Therewasnoshortcuttosuccess.B．Twoheadsarebetterthanone.C．Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.D．TCMisthebestmedicineformalaria.【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D5.AIII.课文语法填空Asafemalescientist,YouyouTuwashonoredfordiscoveringtheantimalariadrugartemisinin,orqinghaosu.SheisthefirstmainlandChinesescientist1(win)theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineinthehistoryofscienceinChina.Inthe1960s,manypeople2(infect)withmalariaandmanydiedofit.AtthattimeTuYoyyouworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine,whereshe3(be)nowChiefScientist.In1969,Tubecameheadofateamwhichintended4(find)acureforthedisease.Torealizethisdream,TuYouyoureferredtomanyChineseancientmedicalbooksandexprimentedwithhercolleaguesdayandnight.Theytriedtofindsolutions5everyproblemtheymetduringtheresearchconstantly.OnOctober1971,qinghaoextractwasmadebytrialanderror.6,thepuritywasnotsatisying.Asaresulttheyhadtofindanewkindofqinghaosuseparationpurifyingtechnique.Asanoldsayinggoes,everythingestohimwhowaits.InNovember1972,theysuccessfullyisolatedthemosteffectivepartoftheextract,7isakeypartofmanymalariamedicines.Unfortunatelyfortheteam,anewchallengeapproached.Theyneededtoestimatetheeffectsofclinicaltrialsfromlargedatasets.Thistime,theyvolunteeredtoteston8(they)bravely.Thisspeduptheclinicalandmedicinalapplicationofthemedicine.InherNobelLecture,TuYouyouencouragedscientiststo9(far)explorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoa10(high)level.(261words)【答案】1.winning2.wereinfected3.is4.tofind5.to6.However7.which8.themselves9.further10.higher阅读微技能事实细节和主旨大意事实细节题在阅读理解试题中所占的比例最大，是及格的保证,稍显简单。而主旨大意题相对较难，却是高分的必备。事实细节题的设问方式大多是通过语义的转换而实现；主旨大意题主要考查考生的“统领”能力。回答时往往需要纵观全局，整体把握，不能只见树木不见森林；或以“点”带“面”，以偏概全等。本部分阅读将以高考真题来阐释上述策略的运用。Passage1主题语境主题群话题推荐指数人与社会社会服务与人际沟通益智游戏可以更好地培养孩子的空间技巧★★★★（2020·新高考Ⅱ卷B篇）阅读理解Someparentswillbuyanyhightechtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmathrelatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatial(空间)skills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'ine,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53childparentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higherineparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmoreplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(251words)1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningselfcontrol. D.Gaininghightechknowledge.2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents'age. B.Children'simagination.C.Parents'education. D.Childparentrelationship.3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften. B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage. D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzle