全国乙卷 2024届高三英语高考模拟风向卷02解析版

2024届高三英语高考模拟风向卷02（全国乙卷）（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whereistheboyatthemoment?A．Inhisbedroom. B．Inthebathroom. C．Onafootballfield.【答案】A【原文】W:Peter,whydidyouputyourfootballclothesonthebathroomfloor?Itoldyoutoputitstraightintothewashingmachine.Getoutofthebedanddoitnowplease.M:Okay,Mom.Sorry.2．Whatdoesthewomanthinkpretty?A．Thecity. B．Thesnow. C．Thecar.【答案】B【原文】M:There’snothinggoodaboutwinter.It’salwayssocoldandwindyinthiscityatthistimeofyear.IwishIhadacartotravelin.W:Ithinkthesnowlooksprettywhenitcomes.3．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Working. B．Apologizing. C．Expressingherthanks.【答案】B【原文】W:Jerry,I’msorry.Pleaseforgiveme.M:Forgetit,Beth.W:Ididn’tmeantohurtyourfeelings.WhatcanIdotomakeitrightbetweenus?M:Itdoesn’tmatter.4．Wheredosetheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inahospital. B．Inaschool. C．Atadrugstore.【答案】B【原文】M:Mrs.Stevens,mygirl,Bridget,hasbeencomplainingofasorethroatandrunningnose.Couldyoupleasegivehersomeextraattentiontoday?W:Don’tworry.Allthekidswillbetakengoodcareofhere.5．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife. B．Co-workers. C．Salesmanandcustomer.【答案】B【原文】W:Howarethingscomingalongwithournewproducts?M:I'mhavingdifficultiesfiguringoutwhichagegroupweshouldtarget.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．WhatdoesthemaninviteGracetodotonight?A．Attendaparty. B．Gotothelibrary. C．Gooverthelessons.7．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Acomingexam. B．Somenewemojis. C．Apopulargame.【答案】6．A7．B【原文】M:Hey,Grace,it’sme.Itextedyoutoaskifyouwouldcometomyhousewarmingpartytonight,butyoujusttextedbackastrangeemoji.Whatdoesitmean?W:It’sa“shakinghead”emoji.I’vegotanexamtomorrow,soIhavetostayinthelibrarythewholedaytoday.Sorry.M:Allright.Theemojireallyconfusedme.I’veneverseenthatbefore.W:Well,somenewemojiswerejustreleasedthismonth,includinga“shakinghead”anda“familiargoose”.M:A“familiargoose”?W:Yeah,itwasinspiredbythehotpuzzlestealthgame—UntitledGooseGame.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Howoftendoesthewomanwalktowork?A．Twodaysaweek. B．Threedaysaweek. C．Fourdaysaweek.9．Whatdoesthewomandislikeaboutsharedbikes?A．Thespeed. B．Theexpense. C．Theparkingsituation.10．Wherewillthemangonext?A．Hisoffice. B．Hishome. C．Thesubwaystation.【答案】8．B9．C10．A【原文】W:Doyoustillrideasharedbikefromyourhometothesubwaystation?M:OfcourseIdo.Howaboutyou?W:IdoitonMondaysandTuesdays.OnWednesdays,ThursdaysandFridaysIgotoworkonfoot.Ithinkitisgoodexercise.M:That’salongway.W:Icountthestepsonmysmartphone,15,000eachday.M:Thosethingsaren’taccurate.W:Well,let’sjustsayIdoalotofstepseachday.Stepsarekeepingmehealthy.M:Ridingabikeisexerciseaswell.Plus,it’scheapandquicker.W:Ilovethosesharedbikes,butIhatetoseethembeingpiledupandblockingentrancesandsidewalks.M:SodoI.Theindustrygrewmorequicklythananyoneanticipated.NowI'mheadingbacktotheoffice,soanygoodadviceofexercise-cyclingorwalking?Iwonderwhichisthebestformofexercise.W:It’shardtosay.Eitherofthemishelpful.M:Itmakessense.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthemandoing?A．WatchingTV. B．Readingthenewspaper. C．SurfingtheInternet.12．HowmanypeoplewerekilledbythestorminMadagascar?A．19. B．48. C．130.13．WhatistheprobleminMalawi?A．Foodcan’tbesenttotheaffectedareas.B．StormBatsiraiishittingthecountry.C．Noeffortwasmadetohelpit.【答案】11．C12．B13．A【原文】W:Whatareyoudoing,Mike?M:I’mreadingsomeonlinenewsaboutthetropicalstormAna.IthasbroughthugefloodstoMalawi,andcausednearly200,000peopletoleavetheirhomes.W:That’sveryterrible.Ihopenobodyhasgotkilled.M:Unfortunately,atleast19peoplediedinMalawi,andhundredswerehurtaftermorethanaweekofheavyrain.W:IsMalawitheonlycountryhitbythestorm?M:No.MadagascarandMozambiquehavealsobeenhitbyit.InMadagascar,48peopledied,and130,000peoplewereforcedtoleavetheirhomestoshelters.W:I’msurethecountriesneedhelpnow.M:You’reright.Butheavyrainhasstoppedthegovernmentfromtransportingfoodtotheaffectedareas,anditcutoffMalawi’smainhighway.Whatisworse,weatherservicesintheareawarnedofstormBatsiraithatisbuildingintheIndianOcean,anditmayhitthecountriesinthecomingdays.W:That’shorrible.Ireallyhopethere’llbenomoresuchextremeweathereventsintheworld.M:Topreventthemfromhappening,weshoulddomorefortheenvironment.W:Iagree.Buthow?听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14．Wherearethetwospeakers?A．Intheoffice. B．Inacar. C．Atschool.15．Whyisthemansleepy?A．Hedidn’tsleepwelllastnight.B．Hedidn’tsleepatalllastnight.C．Hesleptlatelastnight.16．What’swrongwiththeman’sfather?A．Hehassometroublewithhisheart.B．Hehasabadcough.C．Hehasachestpain.17．Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A．Takemoremedicine. B．Dosomeexercise. C．Askforaleave.【答案】14．B15．B16．A17．C【原文】W:Takecare!Youaredrivingofftheroad.M:I’msorryIwasn’tnoticing.W:Youseemtobequitesleepy.Didyousleepwelllastnight?M:Ididn’tsleepthewholenight.W:Why?M:IwatchedTVuntilmidnight.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenmyfathersuddenlygotill.SoIhadtotakehimtothehospital.W:Isyourfatherseriouslyill?M:Yes,very.Thedoctorsayshehastostayinhospitalforsometime.W:Butwhat’swrongwithhim?M:Hehassomethingwrongwithhisheart.W:Whynotaskforleavethismorning?Isuggestyounotgotoworkthismorningandtakeagoodrestathome.M:No,Ican’t.I’mstillnewintheoffice.W:Then,letmedrivethecar.M:Thankyou.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18．A．Whatcausesfearfulnessexternally.B．Whymiceareparticularlyfearfulanimals.C．Whetherfearfulnessisinheritedornot.D．Howanimalsreacttofrighteningsituations.19．A．Theywanderedaroundthebox.B．Theybredagainandagain.C．Theycouldn’tfindahidingplace.D．Theyremainedclosetoonewall.20．A．Somechangesinthenervoussystem.B．Theinterferencefromhumanbeings.C．Thesizeofnervecellsinthebrain.D．Theexistenceofcertainnervecells.【答案】18．C19．D20．D【原文】Thissemesterwe’vebeenlookingatfearfrombiologicalperspective.Whilesomeoneaskedwhetherthetendencytobefearfulisgenetic,somestudiesdonewithmiceindicatedthatmammalsdoinheritfearfulnesstosomedegree.Inonestudyforinstance,agroupofmicewereplaceinthebrightlylitopenboxeswithnohidingplaces.Someofthemicewanderedaroundtheboxanddidn’tappeartobebotheredaboutbeingsoexposed.Butothermicedidn’tmove.Theystayedupagainstonewall,whichindicatesthattheywereafraid.Whenmicelikethiswerebredwithoneanotherrepeatedly,afterabout12orsogenerations,thenallofthemiceshowsimilarsignsoffearfulness.Andevenwhenthenewbornmicefromthisgenerationwereraisedbyamotherandwithothermicewhowerenotfearful,thosemicestilltendtobefearful.Now,whyisthis?Well,it’sthoughtthatthespecificgeneinanimalbodieshaveinfluencedtheanxiousbehavior.Thesegenesareassociatedwithparticularnervecellsinthebrain.Andthedegreeofoverallfearfulnessinthemammalseemstodependinthelargepartonthepresenceorabsenceofthesenervecells.Andthisappearstoapplytohumansaswellbytheway.Questions:14.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?15.Howdidsomeofthemiceinthestudyshowthattheywereafraid?16.Accordingtothespeaker,whatleadstoamammal’stendencytobefearful?第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APostOfficeLocations&HoursUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)offersmailingandshippingservices.SearchforaUSPSlocationnearyoutoseetheavailableservicesandholidayclosinghours.Youcanalsofindsmallerpostalunits,retailersthatsellstamps,bluecollectionmailboxes,and24-hourUSPSkiosks(小亭).USPSHolidayServiceScheduleAllpostofficelocationswillbeclosedonChristmasDay(Dec.25)andNewYear’sDay(Jan.1).Regularpostofficehoursandmaildeliverywillresume(恢复)aftereachholiday.BusinessCustomers:CheckyourBulkMail(大宗邮件)EntryUnitforhoursofoperation.December24(ChristmasEve);December25(ChristmasDay);December31(NewYear’sEve);January1(NewYear’sDay).●Localpostofficelocationswillbeclosed.●BlueCollectionBoxes:Mailwillnotbepickedup.●Regularmailwillnotbedelivered.●PriorityMailExpressmailwillbedelivered.Note:●DeliveriesonChristmasEve(Dec.24)andChristmasDay(Dec.25)aremadeonlyinlimitedlocations.Anextrafeeforthosedeliverieswillbeassessed.●Notaguarantee,unlessotherwisenoted.ForPriorityMailExpressshipmentsmailedfromDecember22toDecember25,themoney-backguaranteeappliesonlyiftheshipmentwasnotdelivered,ordeliverywasnotattempted,withintwobusinessdays.●DeliveriesonNewYear’sEve(Dec.31)andNewYear’sDay(Jan.1)aremadeonlyinlimitedlocations.Anextrafeeforthosedeliverieswillbeassessed.21．Onwhichdaycanyoumailthingsasusualatalocalpostoffice?A．Dec.24. B．Dec.25. C．Dec.30. D．Dec.31.22．WhatshouldyoudotogetyourmaildeliveredonNewYear’sDay?A．Payextrafees. B．Reserveinadvance.C．Callthelocalpostoffice. D．Waitoutsidethepostoffice.23．Whereisthetextmostlikelytakenfrom?A．Atestreport. B．Atravelbrochure.C．Anofficialwebsite. D．Anentertainmentmagazine.【答案】21．C22．A23．C【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了邮局地点和营业时间。21．细节理解题。根据表格中的时间表可知，12月24日“Localpostofficelocationswillbeclosed.(当地邮局将关闭)”；12月25日“BlueCollectionBoxes:Mailwillnotbepickedup.(蓝色收集箱；邮件将不会被取走)”；12月31日“Regularmailwillnotbedelivered.(普通邮件将不予投递)”，故只有12月30日可以像往常一样在当地邮局寄东西，故选C。22．细节理解题。根据最后一段“DeliveriesonNewYear’sEve(Dec.31)andNewYear’sDay(Jan.1)aremadeonlyinlimitedlocations.Anextrafeeforthosedeliverieswillbeassessed.(新年前夕（12月31日）和元旦（1月1日）的配送只在有限的地点进行。这些送货将收取额外费用)”可知，元旦那天邮寄东西需支付额外费用，故选A。23．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合文章标题“PostOfficeLocations&Hours(邮局地点和营业时间)”可知，文章主要介绍了邮局地点和营业时间，应是出自邮局的官网。故选C。BMoststudentsspendtheirschooldayssittingatdeskslearning.AureliousWoolfolk,however,doesalotmorethansitatadeskwhenheisinschool.Heclimbsuphighladders,walksdownthesidesofbuildings,andridesinafireengine.HeislearningtobeafirefighterattheNewHavenFireAcademy.Woolfolkand28otherstudentsarecurrentlylearningwhatittakestobecomeafirefighter.Fortwodayseachweek,thestudentssitinaclassroomtolearnthescienceoffires,howtocalculatewaterpressure,andhowtotreatmedicalemergencies.Duringtheotherthreedays,thestudentsgooutsideandlearnhowtohookhoses(塑料管，软管)tofirehydrants(消防栓),climbbuildings,rescuepeopletrappedinburningbuildings,andmanyotherthings.“Firefightershavetoknowlotsofdifferentthings,”saidPabloMenendez,aninstructorattheschool.“Wehavetotreatmedicalemergencies,knowhowtohandledangerouschemicals,andrescuepeoplewhohavefallenfrommountains.”Teamworkisoneofthemostimportantlessonsstudentslearnattheschool.“Workingtogethersaveslives,”saidCapt.WilliamSeward,thedirectoroftheacademy.“Studentsneedtolearnthattheyarepartofateam.”Fightingfiresisnoteasy.Thesuitsandequipmentafirefighterwearsweighabout40pounds.Firefightersareverybusy.InNewHaven,theyrespondto32,000emergencycallsayear.Eachtimefirefightersgoout,theyknowtheymightnotcomeback.“That’swhythelessonslearnedhereattheacademyaresoimportant,”saidSeward.“Whattheylearnherecansavetheirlives.”Firefightersknowhowdangeroustheirjobsare.Theirtraininghelpsthemovercometheirfearofheightsandfires.“Whenyou’reupthereontheladderlookingdown,it’sscary,”saidonestudent.“Todothisjob,you’vegottowipeoutthefear.”Firefightersovercometheirfearforonereason.“Iwantedtohelpotherpeople,”saidLeahHarwin.“Ithinkitisimportanttohelpotherpeoplewheneveryoucan.”24．Accordingtothetext,whichactivitydoesastudentatNewHavenFireAcademycomplete?A．Calculatingtheweightofsuits. B．Hookinghosestoladders.C．Walkingdownthefirehydrants. D．Dealingwithdangerouschemicals.25．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?A．Moststudentsattheschoolaregreatteamplayers.B．Somefirefightersaremuchmoreskilledthanothers.C．Firefightersmustworktogethertodothejobsuccessfully.D．Firefightersaremostsuccessfulwhentheyworkontheirown.26．WhydostudentsattheFireAcademyhavelessonsbothinsideandoutsidetheclassroom?A．Becausetheymakestudentsovercomethefearofheights.B．Becausetheyteachstudentshowtocalmdowninemergency.C．Becausetheyprovidestudentswithoverallskillstosavelives.D．Becausetheygetstudentstoknowhowtowearheavysuitsandequipment.27．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthistext?A．Toinformthereadersofthedangersofbeingafirefighter.B．TointroducetheactivitiesattheNewHavenFireAcademy.C．TocomparetheNewHavenFireAcademytopublicschool.D．TopersuadestudentstoattendtheNewHavenFireAcademy.【答案】24．D25．C26．C27．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在大多数学生每天上学坐在书桌旁学习时，AureliousWoolfolk和28位其他学生在纽黑文消防学院学习如何成为消防员的情况。24．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Wehavetotreatmedicalemergencies,knowhowtohandledangerouschemicals,andrescuepeoplewhohavefallenfrommountains.(我们必须处理医疗紧急情况，知道如何处理危险化学品，并营救从山上坠落的人。)”可知，纽黑文消防学院的学生需要处理危险化学品。故选D。25．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Teamworkisoneofthemostimportantlessonsstudentslearnattheschool.(团队合作是学生在这所学校学的最重要的课程之一。)”和“Workingtogethersaveslives(团队协作可以拯救生命)”可知，在消防学院学习的一个重要课程就是团队合作，只有团队合作才能够更好地拯救生命。由此可推测出，消防员必须进行团队合作才能做好工作。故选C。26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Fortwodayseachweek,thestudentssitinaclassroomtolearnthescienceoffires,howtocalculatewaterpressure,andhowtotreatmedicalemergencies.Duringtheotherthreedays,thestudentsgooutsideandlearnhowtobookhosestofirehydrants,climbbuildings,rescuepeopletrappedinburingbuildings,andmanyotherthings.(每周有两天，学生们坐在教室里学习火灾科学、如何计算水压以及如何处理医疗紧急情况。在另外三天里，学生们走出去，学习如何预订消防栓的软管、攀爬建筑物、营救被困在燃烧的建筑物中的人，以及许多其他事情。)”可知，学生们在室内学习有关火灾等方面的理论知识，在室外进行实践。由此可推测出，学生们要在室内和室外学习是因为这可以让学生具备当消防员的专业技能和脑力，即全面的技能。故选C。27．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“AureliousWoolfolk,however,doesalotmorethansitatadeskwhenheisinschool.(然而，AureliousWoolfolk在学校里做的远不止坐在桌子旁。)”以及“HeislearningtobeafiretighterattheNewHavenFireAcademy.(他正在纽黑文消防学院学习当消防员。)”和第二段中的“Woolfolkand28otherstudentsarecurrentlylearningwhatitakestobecomeafirefighter(Woolfolk和其他28名学生目前正在学习如何成为一名消防员。)”可知，本文主要介绍了AureliousWoolfolk和28位其他学生在纽黑文消防学院学习如何成为消防员的情况，主要是想向读者介绍这一活动。故选B。CEachyear,morethan27million.U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.AU.S.governmentprogramstartedin2012offeredschools’moneyspentoncleanerschoolbusesbutnotallschoolscouldgetit.Fiveyearslater,emissionsfrombusesinthewinningdistrictsfell.Andayearaftergettingnewbuses,studentattendancehadimprovedinthosedistricts.Foranaveragedistrictof10,000students,aboutsixmorestudentsattended‘schooleachday’inthewinningdistricts,comparedtothelosingdistricts.Winningschoolswithhigherratesofbus-ridingkidshadanaverageof14morestudentsinclasseachday.Andwinningdistrictsthatreplacedtheoldestschoolbuses?Theyhadanaverageof45morestudentsinschooleachday.Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.Astudydoneonadultsshowedthatabriefexposuretodieselemissionsreduced“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.Inotherstudies,suchnetwork-connectivitychangeshavebeenlinkedtoworsenedmemoryandmentaltasks.AWashingtonStateprogramupgradedpollutioncontrolsinolddieselbuses.Afterward,fewerkidswerehospitalizedinthosedistrictsthaninschoolswithoutbusupgrades.AlmostallU.S.schooldistrictscanapplyfortheprogram.Butschoolsinlow-incomeareas,intribalareasand,inruralareaswillgetpriority.Kidsintheseareastendtofacethemosthealthrisksfromolderbuses.28．Whatcanweinferaboutdieselschoolbusesfromthefirstparagraph?A．Theyhaveashortservicelife.B．Theyoperatecost-effectively.C．Theyaccommodatefewpassengers.D．Theydomuchharmtoschoolchildren.29．Whyistheincreaseinschoolattendancesmallbutimportant?A．Itisalongaccumulation. B．Itisawinningcondition.C．Itisameasuringstandard. D．Itisastudentachievement.30．Howdoesthebusreplacementbringbetterstudentattendance?A．Byreducingthenetworkconnectivity.B．Bybetteringthehealthstateofstudents.C．Byimprovingstudentsatisfactionwithschools.D．Bymeetingstudents’demandforschoolbusdrivers.31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．The“networkconnectivity”inthebrain.B．Thegreatworkoncleanerschoolbuses.C．AU.S.governmentprogramforeducation.D．Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses.【答案】28．D29．A30．B31．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国校巴更新计划如何减少柴油污染，提高学生出勤率和健康水平。老旧巴士被指出对学生健康不利，新巴士实施后出勤有所改善。28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“U.S.andCanadiankidsgettoschoolbybus.Mostofthosebusesrunondiesel(柴油)fuel,whichgiveoutpollutionthatriderscantakein.Pollutionlevelscanbeseveraltimeshigherinsideadieselschoolbusthanoutsideit.Why?Pollutioncanleakinfromthefloororblowinthroughwindows.”（美国和加拿大的孩子坐公共汽车上学。这些公共汽车大多使用柴油燃料，而柴油所产生的污染会让乘客吸入。柴油校车内的污染水平可能比外面高几倍。为什么？污染可以从（校车）地板漏进来，或者从窗户吹进来。）可知，从第一段我们可以推断出柴油校车对学生有很大的危害。故选D项。29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thosenumbersmaysoundsmall,buttheyaddup.Andschoolattendancemattersforstudentachievement.Almost3millionU.S.kidsrideschoolbusesmorethan20yearsold.IfU.S.schooldistrictshadreplacedallofthoseolderbuses,therewouldhavebeen1.3millionfewerstudentabsenceseachyear.”（这些数字听起来可能很小，但积少成多。出勤率对学生的成绩很重要。近300万美国儿童乘坐的校车年龄超过20岁。如果美国的学区更换了所有的旧巴士，那么就只有1辆了。每年减少300万学生缺勤。）可知，学校出勤率的增加很小却很重要是因为这是一个积累的过程。故选A项。30．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theremightbeotherreasonsforbetterattendance.Forexample,maybekidspreferrednewbuses.However,themost-likelyreasonforfewerstudentabsenceswasbetterhealth.”（提高出勤率可能还有其他原因。例如，也许孩子们更喜欢新公交车。然而，学生缺勤减少最有可能的原因是健康状况好转。）可知，公交车更换通过改善学生的健康状况来提高学生出勤率。故选B项。31．主旨大意题。全文主要谈论的是更换新校巴带来的更好的学生出勤率。文中详细说明了美国某些学区采取行动换新巴士后，学生的出勤情况如何改善，以及这一改变如何积极影响到学生的健康和学习成绩。尽管文中也提到了美国政府的项目和对大脑网络连接性的研究，但这些都是为了支持主题。因此D选项“Betterattendanceduetonewschoolbuses”（由于有了新的校车，出勤率提高了。）正确地反映了文本的主旨。故选D项。DNorwegianplaywrightandauthorJonFossehasjustbeenawardedthe2023NobelPrizeinLiteratureforhis“innovativeplaysandprosewhichgivevoicetotheunsayable”.TheSwedishAcademycreditsFosseas“oneofthemostwidelyperformedplaywrightsintheworld”,althoughthe64-year-oldoriginallymadehisnameasanovelist,beginningwithRed,Blackin1983.Hehassincewrittenmanyworksofproseandpoetry.“Hisliteraryworks,spanningavarietyofgenres(体裁),comprisesabout40playsandawealthofnovels,poetrycollections,essays,children’sbooksandtranslations,”saidAndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature.JonFossedrawsinspirationfromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggles,whichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.Growingupinasmallcoastalvillage,Fossewasimmersedinthebeautyofnatureandthevastnessofthesea,whichfilledhimwithasenseofsolitudeandintrospection(内省)thatisreflectedinhisworks.Fosse’swritingdiscussedthemesofdesolateness(孤独，苍凉),longing,andthesearchformeaninginlife.Additionally,hisbattleswithdepressionhaveenabledhimtoexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdes-pair.“Hetouchesyousodeeplywhenyoureadhisworks,”saidAndersOlsson.“Whatisspecialabouthimistheclosenessinhiswriting.Ittouchesyourdeepestfeelings-anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath-whicharethingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyfacesfromtheverybeginning.InthatsenseIthinkhereachesveryfarandthereisasortofauniversalimpactofevery-thingthathewrites-ithasappealtothisbasichumanity.”Fosseisthefirst-everlaureatewritinginNynorsk,oneofthetwoofficiallanguagesofNorwegian,butonlyusedbyjust10%ofthepopulation.AsTheGuardianwrites,“ManyNynorskspeakersseeFosse‘asakindofnationalhero’forhischampioningofthelanguage.”Fosse’srecognitiononaglobalstagepromotesthevisibilityandimportanceofNynorskasawrittenstandard.ItwillattractmoreattentiontoNynorskliterature,inspireandencourageNynorskspeakerstocontinuepreservingandpromotingtheirlinguistic(语言的)heritage.32．WhatdoweknowaboutJonFossefromparagraph2?A．HismostpopularworkistheplayRed,Black.B．Heaccomplishedvariousgenresofliteratureworks.C．Manyfamousplaysaretheinspirationforhiswriting.D．HislanguageskillsearnedhimtheNobelPrizeinLiterature.33．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．JonFosse’stoughexperiences.B．JonFosse’smotivationforwriting.C．ThemajorthemesofJonFosse’sworks.D．TheeffectofJonFosse’slifeonhiswritingstyle.34．WhatisspecialaboutJonFosse’sworksaccordingtoAndersOlsson?A．Theyexplorethemeaningoflife.B．Theytouchhuman’sdeepestemotions.C．Theyshowthebondbetweenhumansandnature.D．Theyappealtoreaderstofocusonpersonalfeelings.35．WhatcontributionofJonFosseismentionedinthelastparagraph?A．Heexplainstheimportanceoflinguisticdiversity.B．HehasimprovedtheinternationalstatusofNorway.C．HepromotesthedevelopmentandpreservationofNynorsk.D．HeshapesthebasicwritingstandardofNorwegianliterature.【答案】32．B33．D34．B35．C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了挪威剧作家兼作家JonFosse因其“为无法言说的事物发声的创新戏剧和散文”而获得2023年诺贝尔文学奖，并且他在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。32．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘Hisliteraryworks,spanningavarietyofgenres(体裁),comprisesabout40playsandawealthofnovels,poetrycollections,essays,children’sbooksandtranslations,’saidAndersOlsson,chairmanoftheNobelCommitteeforLiterature.(诺贝尔文学委员会主席AndersOlsson说：‘他的文学作品涵盖了各种类型，包括大约40部戏剧和大量的小说、诗集、散文、儿童读物和翻译作品。’。)”可知，JonFosse在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。故选B项。33．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“JonFossedrawsinspirationfromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggles,whichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.(JonFosse的创作灵感来源于他的乡村生活环境和个人奋斗，这些都深深影响了他独特的创作风格。)”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了JonFosse的生活对其写作风格的影响。故选D项。34．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Whatisspecialabouthimistheclosenessinhiswriting.Ittouchesyourdeepestfeelings-anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath-whicharethingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyfacesfromtheverybeginning.(他的特别之处在于他的作品的亲密性。它触及你最深切的感受——焦虑、不安全感、生与死的问题，这些都是每个人从一开始就面临的问题。)”可知，JonFosse作品的特别之处在于其触及了人类内心最深处的情感。故选B项。35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“AsTheGuardianwrites,“ManyNynorskspeakersseeFosse‘asakindofnationalhero’forhischampioningofthelanguage.”Fosse’srecognitiononaglobalstagepromotesthevisibilityandimportanceofNynorskasawrittenstandard.ItwillattractmoreattentiontoNynorskliterature,inspireandencourageNynorskspeakerstocontinuepreservingandpromotingtheirlinguistic(语言的)heritage.(正如《卫报》所写，许多说尼诺斯克语的人把JonFosse视为‘某种民族英雄’，因为他捍卫了这门语言。JonFosse在全球舞台受到了认可，这提升了尼诺斯克语作为标准书面语的知名度和重要性。它将吸引更多的人关注尼诺斯克语文学，激励和鼓舞尼诺斯克语使用者继续保护和弘扬他们的语言遗产。)”可知，该段讲述了JonFosse促进了尼诺斯克语的发展和保护这一贡献。故选C项。第二节(共5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Asanimportantpieceoflifesavingequipment,atalllifeguardchairisoftenseenonbeaches,atlakesandcommunitypools.36.Thedesignofthelifeguardchairoffersseveraladvantagesthathelppreventswimmingaccidentsandincreasethesafetyofswimmers.Alifeguardchairisoftentall,sometimeswithaladderattachedtooneside.Theheightofalifeguardchairhastwodistinctadvantages.First,itoffersthelifeguardanunblockedviewofthewaterhe/sheisguarding,allowinghim/hertowatchswimmerscarefullyforsignsofdanger.37.Somelifeguardchairsarequitebasic,butothershaveseveralfeaturestomakethejobofthelifeguardmucheasier.38.Aslifeguardsoftenworklonghoursinsunnylocations,asunshadecanpreventthemfromseveresunburn.Alifeguardchairmayalsohavehooksandcompartmentsforlifesavingtools,makingthemeasytoreachinanemergency.Lifeguardchairsareusuallymadeofwood.Nowadaysresinisalsoused.39.Manylifeguardchairsarepaintedwhitetomakethemstandoutfromotherobjectsaroundthem.40,butit’snottheonlythinglifeguardsneed.Therearemanyotherdevicesusedbylifeguardstodotheirjobcorrectly.Forexample,lifeguardsoftenusealoudspeakertowarnswimmersagainstbadbehavior.Theymayalsoprepareafirstaidboxtohelpinjuredpeopleaswellasprotectthemselvesfromharm.A．ButmetalisrarelyusedasitheatseasilyinthesunandcancausediscomfortB．ThesedevicescanbefixeddirectlyontoalifeguardchairC．LifeguardsmaydootherthingsbesidesguardingthepoolD．Alifeguardsitsonit,keepinganeyeonswimmersandthewaterE．AlifeguardchairisaveryimportantpieceoflifesavingequipmentF．AlifeguardchairmayfeatureasunshadetoprotectlifeguardsfromthesunG．Meanwhile,ithelpsswimmersidentifythelifeguardquicklyincaseofemergency【答案】36．D37．G38．F39．A40．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了救生员所用的救生座椅及其他救生物品。36．前文“Asanimportantpieceoflifesavingequipment,atalllifeguardchair