2023年12月四级真题第2套

Directions:Supposetheuniversitynewspaperisinvitingsubmissionsfromthestudentsforitscomingeditionontherecentdevelopmentintheirhometown.Youarenowminutestowritetheessay.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.B)HefoundtherewasnoonC)HethoughtsomethingmustbewrongwiththedriD)Hesawthedriverchanginglan2.A)Buyasportscar.B)Driveacrosstown.Questions3and4arebasedB)HowtheyalterhumanskD)HowtheyaffectourcommuQuestions5to7ar5.A)CreateInternetpageB)Hepaysregularvisitstovillageshops.D)HoldabirthdaypartyfD)HelikestositonthehairC)HeknowseverybodyintD)HeoftenseeksfoodarDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.·2023年12月四级真题(第二套)·10Questions8to11arebaB)Shehastomeetwithherbossthen.B)Shedoesn'tthinkhiswD)Wheretohavetheirlunch.D)AttheAmericanrestauranttheyfC)TherewillbecrowdsofpeoplewaitingfoD)ShewillhaveaphototakenwithBrigetteClC)ShefeelsJeremywD)ShehasfoundthesouQuestions12to15areC)Areceptionist.B)TofindthebesttripforhiC)Takesomephotosoftheislands.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaqueschoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.C)TheyhavebeguntoaffectoursociB)TheyhavealreadybecomeournewfrD)Theyplayincreasinglymoreimportan17.A)WhetheritmighthaB)Whetheritmightactuallyoutperformhumannegotiators.C)WhetheritcanfacilitatebusinessQuestions19to21arebasedonC)TheyvariedgreatlyamongthecoursepartD)Theywereonlymeasurablewithinsevenweek20.A)TheycanbeeasilyseenamongparticipantsinahealthywB)TheyshouldbeattributC)TheyarelinkedtocookingconfiD)Theyactuallyresultfromeatingmorefr21.A)Gender.B)Confidence.D)Practice.Questions22to25arebasedonthB)ItrenderstheacqC)ItbringstheacquaintanceclosertoD)Itcausesthebubblearoundustovanish.D)WhenweenterourteDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorresponeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.YoumaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebAnumberofstudieshavelookedathowfamilylifecanaffectworkplace.However,therehasbeen26littleresearchontheinfluenceofleisureactivitiesKellyandcolleaguesrecruited129hobbyiststolookatTheresearchersfoundthatwhenbeliefintheirabilitytoperformtheirjobwasstrengthened.Butthiswasonlythe29_whentheyhadaserioushobbythatwasdissimilartotheirjob,orwhentheididit30.WhentheirhobbywasbothseriWhymightthatbe?Tomaintainaseriresources,saytheauthors—soiftheactivityhasthesamekindsofbeleft32andunabletoperformwellattheplentyofresources.”Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.EachparagraphismarkquestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.MorefathersaretakingpaternitylA)Attitudestowardspaternityleave(陪产假)havedrasticallfathersfeelcomfortabletakingextendedtimeoff,butgenderbiandthehome,accordingtoanewstudyofworkingparents.employeessurveyedsaidthenotionoffatherstakingleavehasbecomemoreaC)Ofthosesurveyed,62%offatherstookthemaximumamountoftimeoffcomparedto93%ofmothers,andaroundthree-quartersofworkerssaidtheiremployerwasparentalleaveandoverhalfsaidleavepolicieshadmadeworkplaceculturebetter.D)TheUSisoneofonlythreecountriesintheworldnottoofferstatutory(法定的)paidleave,buttheirownpaidfamilE)BradHarrington,executivedirectoroftheofcompaniesintheUSofferpaidparentalleave.Hefeelstheresearchfindcorporateatitudestonewfatherstakingtimeoff.F)“Wedidastudyonpaternityleavefiveyearsago.Comparedwitshockingtome.Ididnotexpect80%ofpeopletosaytheorganisatandthree-quarterstosayit'sequallysupportiveofwomenandmentakingleaG)Thepreviousstudydurationforpaternityleaveand76%saidtheywouldprefernottotakealltheirtimeoffatonce.H)Sincethen,therehavebeenanumberoflegalcasesagtheirparentalleavepoliciesgendernI)However,thestudyamenreportedchangesintheirperceiJ)Thevastmajorityofmen,97%,saidoneofthetopreasonstotakeleavpartner.Butwhentheywereaskedaboture.Whileabout75%ofemployeessaidfcare,themajorityofmenandnearlyhalfofwomenadmittedthatinrealitythefemaleactuallydidmostofit.Atinyfraction,2%,ofmensaidtK)Menandwomen'sexperiencesofthereturntoworkfollowingparentalleavewerealsoconsiderablydifferent.Ofthewomensurveyed,32%reportedadownincreased.Incomparison,17%ofmensaidtheirjobsatisfactionwentdownand20%saiditwentup.anwhile,morewomenreportedanincreaseintheirresponsibilitiesandmanagerexpectarchildbirth.Halfofthewomensaidtheyusedflexibleworkarrangementsafterbecomingaparent,whil27%ofmendid.Similarpercentagesofmenandwomensaidtheyenjoyedtheircareersandthatitgavethemasenseofachievement,whilearoundhalfofwomenand44%ofmensaiditwasakeypartoftheiridentity.L)Onthesubjectofcareeradvancement,59%ofwomenand49%ofmensaidleavecouldbelimitingandpromotion,morethandoublethenumberofwomen,30%comparedwith15%ofmen,believedthtobelowerafterbecomingaparent.Despiteprogofpowerisdemonstratedstillrepresentsatinyfra“BythatImeancompaniesneedtogivemenpaternityleaveandencouragementotaketimeofftobewiththeirkidsearlyoninthekids'life.Theyalsoneedtorecognisethatmenhavetomakesignificantadjustmentswhentheybecomeparents.Companiescannotdoallthesethingstoenhancewomen'sadvancementandthenturnaroundandsay,'Oh,butwedon'texpectthementotakeoverforthewomenathome.”"N)InMay,theAmericanCiviaction$5msettlementwithJPMorganChaseonbehalfodeniedaccesstopaidparentalleaafterhewasallegedlytoldbyhisHRdeparttheywereallowedtotake16weeksofpaidparentalleave.Fathers,however,couldtakejusttwoweeks.substantialprogresstobemadetowardschangingattitudestowardsP)“Idothinkthere'sstillsomewaytogo…there'sstillgoinequalparentalleaveisanessentialcomponenttoofwomenstayinghome,havingbabiesandcookingdoesn'tapplyandhasn'tappliedforalongtime.”36.IntheabsenceofFederallegislation,somestatesintheUShavepassedlawsconc38.Accordingtoonefather,equalparentalleaveisindispensabletoa39.Onesurveyindicatedthereisnowlessobjecti40.Comparedtofiveyearsago,asamesupporttomenandwomentaking41.Onestudyfindsthatevenworkerswhoclaimtodesire42.Themajorityofworkerssurveyedsaidparentalleavepolicieshadimprovedworkplaceculture.43.Inspiteofprogress,thenumberofwomenintoppositionsofbigcompaniesremainsextremelysmall.44.Accordingtooneestimate,lessthanonethirdofcompaniesintheUSprovidepaidparentalleave.45.Anumberoflawsuitshavepressuredcompaniestoformulategenderneutralpoliciesonparentalleave.Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestQuestions46to50areHavingarivalcankeepyoucommittedtoachievingyourgoalsandeoftencomewithrivalry.Ayourwillingnesstotakerisks,behaviorsthatcanultimatelyhurtyourventure'ssuccess.pushyourventuretothenextlevel.Butwhenyobegintodevelopa“win-at-alofresearchers,forexample,examinedthelinkbetweenrivalryandunethicapeoplecompeteagainsttheirrivals,theyaremorestainyourreputationandstrainrelationshipsimpreflectonwhat'simportant.Whileoutperformingyourrivalsmayprovideshortintegritywillhavelong-termcoOnereasonhavingarivalcanenthatdrivesyoutoworkharder.Butthiseagernesstowinmayalsohurtyourventure'ssuccess,pariculitcausesyoutomakeimpuls15·2023年12月四级真题(第二套)·ahabitofengagingincriticalthanalyses,especiallyforthosedecisionsthatarecomplexandcandeterminethefThesenseofeagernessthatcbutitcanalsoleadyoutotakegreaterrisksthatputyourventureinperil.Oninducingeffectsofrivalrythatstandtoendangeryourventure'ssuccessistoremaistateandactively46.Howcancompetitiverivalrybenefitentrepreneursaccordingtothepassage?A)ByenablingthemtooutcompeB)ByenablingthemtomaketheirventuC)Byhelpingthemtoreachlong-47.WhatisoneofthetrapsentrepreneursmayoftenfallintowhencompetingwitA)Theymayadoptstrategiesthatareboundtoruintheirventure.B)Theymayresorttounethicalmeanstooutperformtheirrivals.C)TheymaybetooeagertosucceedwhileignoringthD)Theymaybeintentlyfocusedonwinningatthecurre48.WhatareentrepreneursadvisedtodotoavoidtrapsthaA)Deliberateonwhatreallymatters.C)Estimatethelong-termconsequB)Prioritizereapingimmediatebenefits.D)Reflectonwha49.HowcanentrepreneursavoidmakingimpulsiveandinseA)ByengagingthemselvesincriticalrB)Bydevelopingahabitofkeepingtheirintegrity.C)BycriticizingthemselvesforpreviouspoorD)Byrefrainingfrombeingtooexcitedabou50.Howcanentrepreneursovercometherisk-inducingeffectsofrivalry?A)Bypayingcloseattentiontotheircurrentperformance.C)Bymonitoringhowtheirdecision-makingimpactstheirmentality.D)BykeepingtheiremotionsinchecktoavoidmakingpoordecisionQuestions51to55arebasedoourbrainsdonothandlemultitoanother.Thisrequirestwoessentialconditions:thatoneofteating,andthattheybothneeddifferentmentalprocesses.AnsweringthephoneandwritingatthHowever,ontheothersideofthecointherearepeoplewhomaintainthatititobe,multitasking.Arecentstudyconcludedthatregardlessofwhetherpeopleareactuallyhandlingseveraltasornot,themerefactthattheyperceivethisactivityasmultitaskinghasapositypesofenvironmentwithinIndeed,manycompanieslookforpeoplewhoareskilledinmultitaskingtoimprovethedifferentperspective,youcannotonlybemultitaskingbutthisabilitycanalsobetainfluidorganisations,whichfavourflexibili