定语从句与名词性从句的互换

v1.0可编辑可修改v1.0可编辑可修改PAGEPAGEPAGE13PAGE13v1.0可编辑可修改PAGE定语从句与名词性从句的互换

一、定语从句和名词性从句由于表达意思的需要，有时可以互相转换。大致有下面三种情况：

（１）定语从句与表语从句的互换

That's

the

thing

that

we're

worrying

about.（定语从句）

That's

what

we're

worrying

about.（表语从句）

那就是我们正在担心的事。

This

is

the

way

she

did

it.（定语从句）

This

is

how

she

did

it.（表语从句）

这就是她做这件事的方法。

This

is

the

reason

why

we

must

go

now.（定语从句）

This

is

why

we

must

go

now.（表语从句）

这就是我们现在该走的理由。

That

is

the

place

where

Xiao

Lin

was

born.（定语从句）

That

is

where

Xiao

Lin

was

born.(表语从句)

那就是小林出生的地方。

（２）定语从句与宾语从句的互换

I

don't

know

the

reason

why

she

is

so

happy.（定语从句）

I

don't

know

why

she

is

so

happy.（宾语从句）

我不知道她为什么这样高兴。

He

showed

me

the

place

where

he

used

to

live.（定语从句）

He

showed

me

where

he

used

to

live.（宾语从句）

他带我看了他曾经住过的地方。

Do

you

know

the

date

when

Wuhan

was

liberated（定语从句）

Do

you

know

when

Wuhan

was

liberated(宾语从句)

你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗

（３）定语从句与主语从句的互换

The

thing

that

we

need

is

more

time.（定语从句）

What

we

need

is

more

time.（主语从句）

我们所需要的是更多的时间。

The

time

when

they

will

start

out

has

not

been

decided

yet.（定语从句）

When

they

will

start

out

has

not

been

decided

yet.（主语从句）

他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来。

The

reason

why

he

did

it

wasn't

quite

clear.（定语从句）

Why

he

did

it

wasn't

quite

clear.（主语从句）

他为什么做那件事还不很清楚。

The

place

where

she

lives

is

not

known

yet.（定语从句）

Where

she

lives

is

not

known

yet.（主语从句）

她住在什么地方，大家还不知道。

二、学习定语从句应注意的几个问题

（１）定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性

定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。例如：

The

students

who

were

here

just

now

are

from

No,2

Senior

Middle

School.

但注意下列一组句子：

He

is

the

only

one

of

the

students

who

was

here

just

now.

He

is

one

of

the

students

who

were

here

just

now.

如果"one

of

+复数名词"后跟有定语从句，一般情况下"one

of"后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the

only,the

very,just

the修饰时，先行词则为one。

（２）定语从句与强调结构

It

is

the

place

where

they

lived

before.

It

is

in

the

place

that

they

lived

before.

第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the

place,在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in

the

place,that没有意义，把in

the

place

放回后面句子，句子意思完整。

Where

is

it

that

he

found

the

lost

watch(强调句型，强调疑问副词where)。

Where

is

the

watch

that

he

found

yesterday.(定语从句，that指代the

watch)

（３）定语从句与并列结构

He

has

two

sons,neither

of

whom

looks

like

him.

He

has

two

sons,and

neither

of

them

looks

like

him.

I've

got

two

of

them

are

in

Shanghai.

第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two

sons,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two

sons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。

（４）定语从句与状语从句

He

found

the

books

where

he

had

put.

He

found

the

books

in

the

place

where

he

had

put.

第一个句子为状语从句，where

he

had

put

作主句He

found

the

books

的地点状语。第二个句子为定语从句，where引导从句修饰the

place。

This

is

such

an

interesting

book

that

I'd

like

to

read

it.

This

is

such

an

interesting

book

as

I'd

like

to

read.

第一个句子为结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中，it指代book,作read的宾语。第二个句子为定语从句，关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语。

（５）定语从句中的先行词

Is

this

book

the

one

that

you

bought

yesterday

Is

this

the

book

that

you

bought

yesterday

第一个句子中，this

book是主句的主语，the

one

是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the

book是先行词。一定要避免出现：Is

this

book

that

you

bought

yesterday

（６）定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：

The

news

that

we

heard

is

not

true.(定语从句)

The

news

that

he

won

the

prize

is

not

true.(同位语从句)

另：在"have

no

idea+从句"结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如：

I

have

no

idea

when

she

will

be

back.

三、把握定语从句中的时空概念

在定语从句的运用中，当其先行词表示时间或空间概念时，有些学生很容易想当然地用关系副词when或where引导，而没有具体情况具体处理。所以，应注意以下几点。

（１）从逻辑意义上讲，只有从句中的谓语动词与该先行词构成动状（时间、地点）关系时，才能用when或where引导从句；或视不同情况以prep.+which代之。例如：

1、

This

is

the

country

where/in

which

Edison

was

born。（动状关系）

2、

I'll

never

forget

the

year

when/in

which

the

terrible

earthquake

happened.(动状关系)

3、

England

was

one

of

the

places

from

which

the

settlers

moved

to

America.(动状关系)

（２）从逻辑意义上看，当从句中的谓语动词与该类先行词有主谓关系或动宾关系时，则以which/that或prep.+which引导从句。

4、

Please

follow

the

custom

of

the

country

which/that

you

are

going

to

visit.(动宾关系)

5、

For

ever

I'll

remember

the

year

that/which

brought

me

happy

memory.(主谓关系)

6、

He

is

going

to

work

in

Tibet

which/that

is

far

away

from

Hebei

Province.(主谓关系)

（３）从逻辑意义上讲，当从句中作主语的名词与先行词存在所属关系时，则用词whose。

7、

is

going

to

the

country

whose

name

is

Sweden.(所属关系)

8、

Generally,we

refer

tothe

time

whose

speed

is

unchanged.(所属关系)

浅述主动式定语从句的简化

一、定语从句简化

英语表达方式是相当灵活的，为了表达言简意赅，使叙述简洁明快，常用一定的语法手段把句子加以简化，定语从句被简化成简单句就是常见的一种。下面简单谈谈主动式定语从句简化的几种情况。

（１）定语从句中的关系代词为从句主语，其谓语动词是现在进行时，可以用现在分词短语来简化。例如：

The

man

who

is

teaching

us

English

now

graduated

from

Hubei

University

three

years

ago.

-->The

man

teaching

us...

现在教我们英语的老师三年前毕业于湖北大学。

但是，如果定语从句动词之后没有介词作状语时，现在分词常置于中心词之前。例如：

The

countries

which

are

developing

should

get

united.

-->The

developing

countries

should...

发展中的国家应该团结起来。

（２）把定语从句简化为现在分词短语有以下几个条件。

1、从句的动词和主句的动作的时态的一致。例如：

My

father

used

to

work

for

the

neighbours

that

lived

here.

-->

...the

neighbours

living

here.

我父亲过去常给住在这儿的邻居干活儿。

2、从句谓语的动作可以发生在主句谓语动作之前。例如：

Can

you

catch

the

early

bus

which

will

leave

at

6:00

this

morning

-->

Can

you

catch

the

early

bus

leaving

at...

你能赶上今天早晨六点钟离开的早班汽车吗

3、从句和主句的动词和动作都是泛指的。例如：

China

is

a

developing

country

which

belongs

to

the

third

world.

-->

...country

belonging

to

the

third

world.

中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家。

4、从句谓语动作一发生，主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生。例如：

The

man

who

stole

into

the

bank

was

caught

immediately

on

the

spot.

-->The

man

stealing

into...

溜进银行偷窃的那个人被立即当场逮住。

（３）如果定语从句中是连系动词be的一般现在时或一般过去时，且表语是介词短语，形容词短语或名词短语，可以把它们简化作中心词的后置定语。例如：

The

farmers

had

to

fetch

water

from

a

river

which

was

a

mile

away

from

the

village.

-->...a

river

a

mile

away

from

the

village.

家民们得从离村子一里路远的河里取来水。

The

students

who

were

from

the

Middle

School

have

gathered.

-->

The

students

from

the

Middle

school...

来自十四中的学生集合好了。

（４）定语从句的谓语是表示程度、时间和方式等的副词或副词短语修饰语，可用副词和现在分词（两者之间用连字号）作中心词的前置修饰语。例如：

This

is

a

man

who

works

hard.

-->This

is

a

hard-working

man.

这是一位勤奋工作的人。

（５）如果定语从句的动词是一个普通名词作宾语时，可用名词和现在分词（二者之间须用连字号）作定语来简化。例如：

The

south

of

Hubei

is

an

area

which

grows

rice.

The

Sorth

of

Hubei

is

a

rice-growing

area.

（６）定语从句中有一系列并列形容词作表语，可简化成简单句，形容词变成中心词的前置定语。例如：

A

person

who

is

gentle,lovable

and

familiar

is

always

easy

to

get

along

with.

-->A

gentle,lovable

and

familiar

person

is

always...

一位温和，可爱和熟悉的人总是容易相处。

（７）如果定语从句的谓语动词与中心词有逻辑上的动宾关系，动状关系和主谓关系时，可以简化成不定式短语作中心词的后置定语。例如：

He

is

a

good

student

with

whom

you

can

study.

-->...student

to

study

with.

他是一位能一起学习的好学生。

（８）如果定语从句中有have加宾语被形容词修饰时，可以简化成with短语中心词的后置定语，也可以简化成名词加-ed作前置定语。例如：

a

girl

who

has

blue

eyes-->

a

girl

with

blue

>

a

blue-eyed

girl

二、定语从句典型错误例析

1.【误】The

finger

I

dipped

into

the

cup

was

not

the

one

I

put

it

into

my

mouth.

【正】The

finger

I

dipped

into

the

cup

was

not

the

one

I

put

into

my

mouth.

【析】上句应由关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语，已省去。因此，从句中的宾语it多余。又如：

【误】Chaplin

lived

the

last

years

of

his

life

in

Switzerland,where

he

was

buried

there

in

1977

【正】Chaplin

lived

the

last

years

of

his

life

in

Switzerland,where

he

was

buried

in

1977.

2.【误】I,who

is

a

Chinese,will

do

my

best

for

our

country.

【正】I,who

am

a

Chinese,will

do

my

best

for

our

country.

【析】定语从句中谓语动词的形式应依据先行词的人称和数来确定，保持主谓一致。如：①Mike

is

one

of

the

students

who

know

the

truth.(先行词为students)②Mike

is

the

only

one

of

the

students

who

knows

the

truth.(先行词为the

only

one)

3.【误】All

what

you

have

done

is

not

necessary.

【误】All

which

you

have

done

is

not

necessary.

【正】All

that

you

have

done

is

not

necessary.

【析】what不能引导定语从句。当先行词是不定代词（all,something,anything,nothing,everything等），或先行词受形容词最高级，序数词或last,very等词修饰时，关系代词常用that而不用which。如：①This

is

the

most

interesting

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.②They

asked

him

to

tell

them

everything

that

he

saw

in

the

factory.

4.【误】I

don't

know

the

man

with

who

my

brother

is

talking.

【正】I

don't

know

the

man

with

whom

my

brother

is

talking.

【析】定语从句中，如介词提前，指人时只用whom，指物时只用which:如：The

two

things

about

which

Marx

was

not

sure

were

grammar

and

some

of

the

idioms.

5.【误】He

is

the

very

person

for

whom

I

am

looking.

【正】He

is

the

very

person

who（whom）I

am

looking

for.

【析】有些定语从句中的介词不能提前，如提前，从句动词的意义会改变。take

care

of,look

up,look

forward

to,ask

for,make

up等短语动词均属此列。

6.【误】China

Daily

has

plenty

of

advertisements,that

help

to

cut

the

costs

of

making

the

newspaper.

正】China

Daily

has

plenty

of

advertisements,which

help

to

cut

the

costs

of

making

the

newspaper.

【析】在非限制性定语从句中，指物时用which,不用that.

7.【误】I

can't

remember

the

things

and

persons

who

I

met

at

that

time.

【正】I

can't

remember

the

things

and

persons

that

I

met

at

that

time.

【析】先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句用that引导。

定语从句误用辨析

1.

This

is

the

factory

where

we

visited

last

week.

2.

This

is

the

watch

for

which

Li

Feng

is

looking.

3.

The

person

to

who

you

spoke

is

a

student

of

Grade

Two.

4.

The

house

in

that

we

live

is

very

small.

5.

Everything

which

we

saw

was

of

great

interest.

6.

I've

read

all

the

books

which

I

borrowed

from

the

library.

7.

This

is

the

best

film

which

I

have

ever

seen.

8.

My

father

and

Mr

Crosset

talked

of

things

and

persons

who

they

remembered

in

the

school.

9.

This

is

the

same

bag

like

I

lost

yesterday.

10.

His

dog,that

was

now

very

old,became

ill

and

died.

11.

This

is

one

of

the

reasons,why

you

may

like

to

eat

it.

12.

Those

who

wants

to

go

with

me

put

up

your

hands.

13.

The

boy,his

mother

died,studies

very

hard.

14.

I

have

two

sisters,both

of

them

are

doctors.

15.

We're

going

to

visit

the

school

where

your

brother

works

there.

16.

The

captain's

head

soon

appeared

out

of

the

second

storey

windows,from

which

he

could

see

nothing

but

trees.

17.

That

is

the

way

which

they

work.

18.

Those

have

questions

can

ask

the

teachers

for

advice.

19.

The

news

which

a

new

English

teacher

will

come

makes

us

excited.

20.

As

we

all

know

it,he

is

American.

辨析：

1、将where改为that或which。定语从句关系代\副词的选择，一看先行词，二看其在从句中的成分。本句中visit是及物动词，which做其宾语。

2、把for放在looking之后，当which做短语动词（即动词和其介词不能分开）的宾语时，介词不前置。

3、who改为whom，尽管在口语中who、whom都能做宾语，但在介词后只用whom。

4、that应为which。

that不做介宾。

5、which改成that。当先行词有不定代词something,someone,all等时，由that充当关系代词，不用which。

6、which改为that。当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little等修饰时，用that,不用which。

7、which换成that。当先行词中有形容词的最高级、序数词，the

only、the

very等时，只用that引导。

8、who改为that。如果先行词既是人又有物时，则用that引导定语从句。

9、like改为as。当先行词里有the

same,such时，用as引导限制性定语从句。

10、which代that。that不引导非限制性定语从句。

11、去掉逗号。why可以引导定语从句，但不能用于非限制性定语从句。

12、wants改为want。定语从句的谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。

13、his改为whose。

14、them改为whom,由both

of

whom引导非限制定语，或去掉逗号，both大写。

15、there多余，去掉。

16、from

which改为from

where。which只表示地点（place）,where(n)可表示地方，空间（space）。

17、which改为that或in

which。

18、在Those后添上who，引导定语从句。

19、which改为that。本句是同位语从句，that不做成分，只起引导作用。

20、去掉it。as作know的宾语，以"he

is

American"为先行词。

历届高考英语单项选择题精选定语从句

parents

wouldn’t

let

him

marry

anyone

______

family

was

poor.

whom

whose

(89)

heard

a

terrible

noise,

_______

brought

her

heart

into

her

mouth.

(91)

the

dark

street

,

there

wasn’t

a

single

person

_____

she

could

turn

for

help.

whom

whom

(92)

weather

turned

out

to

be

very

good

,

____

was

more

than

we

could

expect.

(92)

living

in

Pairs

for

fifty

years

he

returned

to

the

small

town

____

he

grew

up

as

a

child.

(96)

6．Carol

said

the

work

would

be

done

by

October.＿＿＿＿＿personally

I

doubt

very

much.

A.

it

(99)

7．Dorothy

was

always

speaking

highly

of

her

role

in

the

play,

________,of

course

,

made

the

others

unhappy.

A．who

B．which

C．this