九年级前十单元语法知识总结

九年级第一单元到第十单元语法知识归纳感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由what或how引导。"what"和"how"与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。

一、由"what"引导的感叹句："what"意为"多么"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语.

如：①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀！

②Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！

③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀！

④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀！

⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀！

⑥Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！

二、由"how"引导的感叹句："how"意为"多么"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语.

如：①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！

②Hownicethepicturesare!多么漂亮的图画呀！

③Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀！

④Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！

⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他们干得多么起劲呀！三、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。

如：①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀！

②Whatanhonestboy!多么诚实的孩子呀！

③Whatredapples!多么红的苹果呀！

④Howcool!好凉快呀！

⑤Howwonderful!精彩极了！一、由what引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1.可用句型：“What+a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Whatanicepresentitis!它是一件多么好的礼物啊！Whataninterestingbookitis!它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2.可用句型：“What＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊！Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子啊！3.可用句型：“What＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Whatfineweatheritistoday!今天天气多好啊！Whatimportantnewsitis!多重要的新闻啊！二、由how引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1.可用句型：“How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Howcarefulsheis!她多么细心啊！Howfastheruns!他跑得多快啊！2.可用句型：“How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Howbeautifulagirlsheis!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3.可用句型：“How＋主语＋谓语！”。如：Howtimeflies!光阴似箭！由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：Howbeautifulagirlsheis!＝Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Whatdeliciouscakestheseare!＝Howdeliciousthesecakesare!三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如：Goodidea!（好主意！）wonderful!（太精彩了！）Thankgoodness!（谢天谢地！）感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的东东，1)若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用whata/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。2）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：例句1：Whatagoodboyheis!他是个多么好的男孩啊！/\形容词单数名词例句2：Whatgoodboystheyare!他们是多么好的男孩啊！/\形容词复数名词例句3：Whatcoldweatheritis!多么冷的天气啊！/\形容词不可数名词例句4：Howgoodtheboyis!这男孩多好啊！/\形容词乱糟糟★★★若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.例：Howwellheplaystheguitar!他吉他弹得多好啊！/副词（what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）Howtimeflies!

HowfastLiuXiangruns打油诗一首:感叹句往后看形容词后是名单就用whata或whatan形后若是不可数或名复数只用what就可以形容词后乱糟糟只写how就OK了专项练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!

2).________cutedogitis!3).________interestingthestoryis!4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!5).________honestboyTomis

！6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!7).________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!8).________excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!9).________coolyournewcaris!10).________scarythesetigersare!二、选择填空。1._______fasttheboyran!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,how

B.What,whatC.How,what

D.What,how3.________deliciousthesoupis!I’dlikesomemore.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan4._______foolstheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan5._______foolishtheywere!Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan6._______difficultquestionstheyare!Ican’tanswerthem.A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan9._______beautifulyournewdressis!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!A.How

B.HowanC.What

D.Whatan宾语从句考点、热点回顾宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe？

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

Canyoutellmewherethebusstopis？

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.

（二）宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo？

Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.

（三）宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation？

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

Hesaidthathewouldgobacktothe.soon.

3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.典型例题【中考链接】1.YourT-shirtissocool.Couldyoutellme________A.whereyoubuyit B.wheredoyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtit D.wheredidyoubuyit2--Maybe900yuan.I’mnotquitesure.howmuchshepaidfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchdidshepayfor3.Iwanttoknow________.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairportC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat4.--Wouldyoupleasetellme__________--At10:00thisevening.A.whenwillthetrainleaveB.whenthetrainwillleaveC.whendoesthetrainleave5.—Couldyoutellme________--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathy B.whereIcanmeetCathy C.whenIcanmeetCathy6.-Tommy,doyouknowifFrank________tothezoothisSundayifit________-Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.willgo;isfine B.goes;isfineC.willgo;isgoingtobefine D.goes;willbefine7.Thenew-designedcarisonshownow.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchitcost B.howmuchdiditcostC.howmuchitcosts D.howmuchdoesitcost8.-Whendoyouthink_________-Abouthalfpastfive.Iwillpickhimupattheairport.A.hewillcome B.willhecome C.didhecome D.hecame9.Ourteachertoldusthesun________intheeast.A.rise B.rose C.rising D.rises10.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina-Sorry.Idon’tknow________.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad

used

to

的用法如下：

构成usedto+动词原形Heusedtoplaybasketballafterschool.他过去常常放学后打篮球用法表示过去的习惯动作或状态，暗含现在已不再发生或不存在。其to为不定式符号，后接动词原形Heusedtobeaverypoorman.他以前是一个很穷的人。句型变化否定句didn’t

use

to或usedn’ttodoWhen

I

was

a

child,

I

didn’t

use

to

like

apples.一般疑问句Didsb.useto…\usedsb.to…Didyouusetoplaythepiano\Usedyoutoplaythepiano你过去常常弹钢琴吗反意疑问句附加疑问部分可用didn’t或usedn’tHeusedtodrink,didn’the\usedn’the相似短语beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事Heisusedtogoingforawalkafterdinner.他习惯于饭后去散步。Thewoodisusedtomakepaper.木头被用来造纸。练习题：1.She_______tohavelongcurlyhairayearago.A.use B.uses C.used D.isused2.Sheusedto________icecreamwhenshewasachild.A.liked B.liking C.likes D.like3.Mario,youusedtobeshort,_______youaren’t B.weren’t C.don’t D.didn’tusedto_______inthesun,butnowheisusedto_______atnight.A.read;read B.reading;reading C.read;reading D.reading;reading

被动语态（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。（二）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shallbe＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋spoken过去进行时：was/werebeing＋spoken现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋spoken过去完成时：hadbeen+spoken（三）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道是谁偷的）Thisbridgewasfoundedin1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：TheglasswasbrokenbyMike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.Hecutdownatree.→Atreewascutdownbyhim.（五）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.Ⅱ.选择填空:

readingroom________yesterdayafternoon.

A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned

workersweremade________tenhoursaday.

A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked

________inacoolplaceinsummer.

A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept

father________toworkinHongKong3yearsago.

A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent

pen________well.

A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing

changes________inthetownsince1988.

A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplace

C.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace

compositionsmust________nextMonday.

A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin

childwill________backtohisparentsnextmonth.

A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending

hiswork________yet？

A.have…beenfinishedB.has…beenfinished

C.has…finishedD.have…finished

classroom________now

A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaning

C.isbeingcleanedD.iscleaned

情态动词表推测：语气+时态情态动词表推测的三种语气在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）。Hemust/may/mightknowtheanswertothisquestion他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。2.否定句中用can’t/couldn’t(不可能),maynot/mightnot(可能不)。Itcan’t/couldn’tbetheheadmaster.HehasgonetoAmerica.这不可能是校长，他去美国了。3.疑问句中用can/could(能……)。Couldhehavefinishedthetask他可能把任务完成了吗（注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might,could并非may,can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。（二）情态动词表推测的三种时态1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。Shemust/may/might/couldarrivebefore5.5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”（1）Hemust/may/might/couldbelisteningtotheradionow.（2）Hecan’t(couldn’t)/may(might)notbeathomeatthistime.（3）Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.Howcan(could)hebelatefortheopeningceremony布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。（1）Itmust/may/might/couldhaverainedlastnight.Thegroundiswet.（2）Thedoorwaslocked.Hecan(could)not/may(might)nothavebeenathome.门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。（3）Can/Couldhehavegottenthebook难道他找到书了吗总结：对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱）肯定句：must、may、might（=could）否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t疑问句：can、could（语气更加委婉不确定）时态部分：be表示对现在的推测havedone表示对过去的推测bedoing表示对正在进行的推测语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测Therebe句型表推测There+情态动词＋be/dosthThere+情态动词＋bedoingsthThere+情态动词＋havedonesth练习题：1、—Whereareyougoingthismonth—We______gotoXiamen,butwe'renotsure.A.needn’t B.must C.might D.mustn't2、—Excuseme,whosebookisthis—It________beJohn’s.Ithashisnameonit.A.must B.need C.can’t3、Theman______bemyEnglishteacher.HehasgonetoCanada.A.might B.must C.can’t4、—Areyouinahurry—NO,I’vegotplentyoftimeI______wait.A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t5、—Haveyoudecidedwheretogoforyoursummervacation—Notyet.We_______gotoQingdao.It'sagoodplaceforvacation.A.mayB.need C.must6、Youmustn’tgooffonyourown,becauseyou_______getlostinthemountains.A.should B.must C.need D.might7、----Oh,it'sraininghard.----Becareful!Theroad_______bewet. A.could B.must C.might8、—WhoseT-shirtisthis—It________beJohn’s.It’s________smallforhim. A.can’t;muchtooB.can’t;toomuchC.mustn’t;toomuch9、—Who’sthemanoverthereIsitMr.Black—It______behim.He’smuchtaller. A.maynot B.can’t C.willnot D.mustn’t10、ThewomanwhoistalkingwithMr.Brown______beMissLi.ShehasgonetoEngland.A.can’t B.must C.may D.mustn’t11、—Lookattheboyplayingbasketballontheground.IsitGeorge—It______behim.Hetoldmehewouldplaybasketballafterclass,buthe’snotsure. A.mustn’tB.mustC.can’tD.may12、—Difficultiesalwaysgowithme!—Cheerup!IfGodclosesadoorinfrontofyou,there______beawindowopenedforyou. A.wouldB.mustD.couldD.can13、—Lookattheyoungladyinred.IsitMrs.King—No.It_____beher.Sheiswearingawhitedresstoday. A.canB.mayC.mustD.can’t14、—TwohundredyearsforsuchaT-shirt!You_____________bejoking!—I’mnotjoking.It’smadeofsilk. A.can’tB.canC.needD.must15、—Whosebookisthis—It______ourgeographyteacher’s.Yousee,hisnameisonit.A.can’tbeB.canbeC.mustn’tbeD.mustbe

中考定语从句讲解定语从句请看下面的句子：Iwanttoknowtheboywhoisthetallest.句子做定语修饰boy（一）概念:定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。定语从句的分类Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。:Thisisthebookthat/whichIwant.Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。从句一般用逗号同主句分开。:Mr.Green，whoiswatchingTV，ismyuncle.（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when,why（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）Maryisagirl.合并为一个句子Shehaslonghair.思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Maryisagirlwho/thathaslonghair.请把下列句子二句合一1.Isawtheclosedthedoorgirlishappy.Shewontheracemancalledthepolice.Hiswalletwasstolen.（五）定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语人：who/that物：which/that2.先行词做宾语人：who/whom/that物：which/that3.先行词做定语人：whose物：whose/ofwhich4.先行词做状语：when,where,whywho,whom,whose,that用法区别.who/that作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并分解Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.作主语Whom/that作定语从句的宾语Thewoman（whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.分解Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.作宾语注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语小结：关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who,thatwhom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词主语宾语定语人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,ofwhich巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况：(1)先行词为all,everything，anything，nothing,something,nothing,few,little,much,theone等不定代词时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被theonly,thevery,thelast,any,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时：(3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含last)修饰时。（4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。(5)在以who,which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1.HereissomethingthatIwilltellyou.haven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.3.IsittheonethatyouwantisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.5.IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsee.isthebikethatyoulostisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting（七）只能使用which的情况1.关系代词前有介词时；2.先行词本身是that时；3.非限定定语从句口诀:要有which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。:istheclassroominwhichwestudiedfortwoyear.hastwodolls，whicharefromherparents单项选择：1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.

A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.this2.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.

A.that

B.whose

C.which

D.