人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking练习含答案

UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅠReadingandThinking课后·训练提升一、单词拼写1.Mostpeoplearefintheirownjobs.

答案:frustrated2.Iftwostatementsarec,thatistosay,theyaredifferent.

答案:contradictory3.Thehwasstillasleepatsixinthemorning.

答案:household4.Amanwhohasminterestsusuallyhaslotsoffriends.

答案:multiple5.Aclerkmustknowhowtohdifficultcustomers.

答案:handle二、完成句子1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。Wehaven’tdecided foroursummerholiday.

答案:wheretogo2.他似乎对他的老师说了谎。 hetoldalietohisteacher.

答案:Itseemedthat3.放学后我要去修自行车。I’ll afterschool.

答案:havemybikerepaired4.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找不到坐的地方。Usually,it’scrowdedonthebusIcan’tfindanywheretosit.

答案:so;that5.多亏了这场大雨,否则庄稼就会死了。,otherwisethecropswilldie.

答案:Thankstotheheavyrain三、阅读理解AGovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.Yetourscienceteachingofnon-scientists,inschoolandcollege,hasbuiltupmistakenideas,dislikes,andthecommonboast,“Ineverdidunderstandscience.”Eventhosestudentswhoarriveatcollegewithplanstobecomescientistsusuallybringamistakenpictureofscience:somehaveacollectionofunorganisedfactsaboutscience,andsomeregardthestudyofscienceasagamewhichincludesgettingtherightanswer.Thefirstoftheseattitudesseemstocomefromakindofcoursewhichprovidesvariouskindsofinformation.Thesecond,fromatrainingcourseonhowtopassexaminationsthatdonotaskaboutthestudent’sunderstandingbutsimplyrequirehimtoputthenumbersintherightformulas(公式).Neithertypeofcourses(inschoolorcollege)seemstogivestudentsanunderstandingofscienceaswefinditamongscientists.Neithershowsstudentshowrealscientistsworkandthink,howthefactsaregathered,howdiscoveriesaremade,andwhattheymean.Youngpeopleneedgoodteachingofscience,notsomuchagreatwealthofknowledgeasahealthyunderstandingofthenatureofscience.Theyneedanunderstandingofknowledgeleadingtosympathywithscienceandaneagernessofthewayscientistswork.Giventhese,itiseasytoencouragelaterreadingandlearning.1.Oneofthereasonsthatcancausemistakenideasofscienceisdueto.

A.amistakenpictureinstudents’mindB.theunscientificwayofteachingscienceC.thefactthatstudentsfailtoseetheinfluenceofscienceD.thefactthatstudentshaveacollectionofunrelatedfactsaboutscience答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据第一段可知造成错误的科学观念的原因之一是不科学的科学教学方法。故选B项。2.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelysaythatthesubjectofthepassageis.

A.needforgoodscienceteachingB.everyperson,includinggovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersshouldstudyscienceC.youngpeopleshouldformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.studentsmustknowwhatscienceisandhowscientistsworkandthink答案:A解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句和第二段最后三句可知这篇文章的主题是需要好的科学教学。故选A项。3.Agoodcourseofscienceis.

A.toteachstudentstodothingsaccordingtoformulasB.toprovidestudentswithallkindsofinformationC.tohelpstudentshaveagoodunderstandingandformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.toencouragestudentstohaveagoodcommandofknowledge答案:C解析:推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知好的科学教学应该是帮助学生对科学有好的认识和形成正确的态度。故选C项。4.Peoplesuchasgovernors,lawyersandbusinessleadersdealwithscientistsmainlybecause.

A.theycanbeaffectedbyscientistsB.scientistsmakediscoveriesandapplythemtohelppeopleliveamorecomfortable,stableandsafelifeC.theyowemuchtoscientists’contributionsD.scientistsaregreatpersons答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Governors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.”可知选A项。BHowdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator(掠食动物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(猎物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(灭绝)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinction.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardsabreakdownorwouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(临界点),itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.5.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.答案:B解析:细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“scientistshavefoundout...infoodwebs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则,即B项。6.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.

A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplace答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whenapredator...arestronglylinked...”得出结论只吃一种猎物是“stronglink”。故选C项。7.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mathematicalmodels...entireecosystems.”可知“食物链顶端掠食动物的变化可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响”。故选D项。8.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinparagraph4?A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了生态的平衡”。故选A项。四、语篇填空(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).1. (cover)anareaaboutthreetimes2.sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat3. (be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority4.(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP5.(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,6.leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate7.(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and8.(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.

Giantpandasalsoserve9.anumbrellaspecies(物种),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies10.livewi