液压挖掘机外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

附录1英文原文HydraulicExcavators1.HydraulicExcavatorspicture2.BasicConceptAnexcavatorisanengineeringvehicleconsistingofanarticulatedarm(boom,stick),bucketandcabmountedonapivot(arotatingplatform)atopanundercarriagewithtracksorwheels.Theirdesignisanaturalprogressionfromthesteamshovel.Thehistoryofheavyexcavatingmachinerybeganin1835whenthedippershovelwasinventedtoexcavatehardsoilandrockandtoloadtrucks.Ofcourse,withtheinventionofgasoline-anddiesel-poweredvehicles,constructionequipmentbecameevenmoreadaptable.Mostconstructionequipmentispoweredbydieselengines,althoughelectric-power,batterypower,andpropanetanksareusedonspecializedequipment.Designmodificationsaredrivenbycustomerdemand.Asof2000,thetwoprimaryareaswherecustomerswouldliketoseemoreimprovementsareintheeaseofoperationandtheoperator'scomfort.Theneedforsimpleoperationisforcedbythefactthattherearefewerskilledoperatorsinthemarketplace.Andoperationsandreliabilityarebothimprovingbecauseofthecontinuingintegrationofelectronics,automation,betterenginetechnology,andon-boarddiagnostics.Itisnowuptothemanufacturerstocost-effectivelyincorporateimprovements.3.Applications1234567891.diggingandloading2.stonework3.miningengineering4.rockbreaking5.pipelaying6.hoistingheavyobject7.clearupsideslope8.watercourseclearance9.removaltreatment4.ComponentsandFeatures1）OverallStructure1.dieselengineandhydraulicsystem2.undercarriage3.swingmechanism4.workequipmentassembly5.steeringandoperatingsystem2）MajorComponentsDieselEngineandHydraulicSystem:1.dieselengine2.hydraulicpumpUndercarriage:1.mainframe2.track3.trackidler4.trackframe5.finaldrive(drivingmotoranddrivesprocket)WorkEquipmentAssembly:1.bucket2.bucketlinkage3.bucketcylinder4.arm5.armcylinder6.boom7.hydraulicpipeline8.boomcylinder9.bucketlipGeneralPurposeBucket:1.anti-torsionpipefittedforincreasedstrength2.twopiecesideplates3.wearstrapsfittedtoincreasebasestrength4.cuttingedgeSteeringandOperatingSystem:1.driver’sSeat2.armrest3.joystickcontrol4.controlpedal5.travellever6.monitor7.console5.TypicalHydraulicSystem1.hydraulicpump2、4.distributingvalvegroup3.checkvalve5.speedlimitvalve6.hydrauliccylinder7、8.travelinghydraulicMotor9.doublespeedvalve10.slewinghydraulicmotor11.boomcylinder12.auxiliarycylinder13.armcylinder14.bucketcylinder15.backpressurevalve16.oilcooler17.oilfilter6.Dimensions1.ShippingHeight2.ShippingLength3.TailSwingRadius4.LengthtoCenterofRollers5.TrackLength6.GroundClearance7.TrackGauge8.TransportWidth9.CabHeight10.CounterweightClearance7.WorkingRanges1.MaximumDiggingDepth2.MaximumReachatGroundLevel3.MaximumCuttingHeight4.MaximumLoadingHeight5.MinimumLoadingHeight6.MaximumDepthCutforLevelBottom7.MaximumVerticalWallDiggingDepth8.SmallExcavatorFeaturesMustangintroducesanewbucketserieswithinnovativedesignimprovementsthatachievegreaterbucketvolumes,higherbreakoutforcesandimprovedverticaldigging.Standardheadlightsmountedontheboomandatthefrontofthecabprovideexcellentnighttimevisibility.3.Tohelpavoiddamageanddowntime,Mustangsecurelyroutesbucketcylinderhosesthroughthedipperstick.Forfasterattachmentmanagementandpartsreplacement,weconnectboomandarmhosesontheoutsideofthemachine.4.Independentrightandleftboomswing,foroffsetdigging.5.Specialdiggingsituationscallforspecializeddiggingmachines,whichallowverticaldiggingevenonslopesupto15degrees.6.Mustang’schassisincludesedgesreinforcedwithcastiron—nearlyindestructible.Thisheavy-dutyreinforcedbumperprotectscomponentsagainstaccidentalcollisions.9.NewTechnologyofTypicalHydraulicExcavator1）IntroductionTheHitachiZAXIS-3seriesnew-generationhydraulicexcavatorsarepackedwithahostoftechnologicalfeatures–cleanengine,Hitachiadvancedhydraulictechnologies,withstrongundercarriageandfrontattachment,pluswellmatchingofpowerandspeed.TheZAXIS-3seriescangetthejobdonewithprovenproductivity,durability,andreliability,especiallyinheavy-dutyexcavationandquarryoperations.Toyieldhighproductionyetmaintainlowfuelconsumption,suchwastheobjectiveofthedevelopmentofanewengineandhydraulicsystem.2）AdvancedHydraulicTechnologies1.IncreasedDiggingForce7%morebucketdiggingforceand8%morearmdiggingforce.2.EnhancedBoomRecirculationSystemIncombinedoperationofboomlowerandarm,armspeedcanbeincreasedbyapproximately15%overtheconventional.Pressurizedoilfromboomcylinderbottomsideisdeliveredtoboomcylinderrodsidetolowertheboom,assistedbyboomweight.Conventionally,pressurisedoilfrompumpisdeliveredtoboomcylinderrodsidetolowertheboom.Thenewsystemalsoallowsanefficientcombinedoperationofswingandloweringtheboom.BoomModeSelectorTheamountthebodycanbeliftedorpulledbythefrontofmachinecanbeONorOFFselected.Thishelpstoprovideformorecomfortableoperationandcontributestolongercomponentservicelife.Larger-DiameterFrontPipingArmpipingisincreasedindiametertoreducehydraulicloss(theoretically7%)forspeedyfrontoperation.CombinedOperationofBoomandArmIncombinedoperationofswing+boomlower+armroll-out,orinleveling(boomlower+armroll-out),armroll-outspeedcanbeincreasedgreatly.Here’swhy.Avariablethrottle,providedinthearmcircuit,adjuststheflowwhenneededtoreducehydrauliclossincombinedoperationwitharmroll-out.NewBucketRegenerativeSystemSwiftbucketactionscanbedoneincombinedoperationforexcavationthroughthenewbucketregenerativecircuit.Whentheloadtothebucketislight,pressurizedoilfrombucketcylinderrodsideisdeliveredthrougharegenerativevalvetobucketcylinderbottomsidefortheeffectiveuseofhydraulicenergy.10.StrengthenedUndercarriage1.IncreasedLoadingCapacityofSwingBearingTheswingcircleballbearingultilizesmoreballstoboosttheloadingcapacityoftheswingcirclebyapproximately6%,allowingstableswingevenintoughoperation.2.StrengthenedTrackLinksThebossdiameterofeachtracklinkisincreasedbyapproximately19%.Thethicknessofeachtracklinkisalsoincreasedbyapproximately57%.Thickenedtracklinksextendservicelife.3.StrengthenedUpperRollerBracketTheupperrollerbracketwallthicknessisincreasedforhigherstrength.4.FullTrackGuardProvidedStandardOntheH-specificationmachines,fulltrackguardsareprovidedstandard.Fulltrackguardsprotecttracklinksandlowerrollersfromdamageanddeformation.Moreover,theyalsokeepoutstones,preventingtheoverloadtotheundercarriagetoreducewearanddamage.5.PressedMasterPinsThemasterpinofeachtracklinkispressed,insteadofmasterpinusingapinretentiontoavoiddisengagement.6.StrengthenedIdlerPedestalThebearinglengthoftheidlerpedestalisextendedbyapproximately67%toincreasedurabilityandservicelife.StrengthenedIdlerBracketTheidlerbracketisthickenedforrigiditytopreventdeformationandincreasedurability.11.StrengthenedFrontComponents1.5%IncreaseinStrengthwithStrongerPinMaterialThestrengthofpins,usedinthearmandboom,isincreasedby5%,usinghardersteelmaterial.2.StrengthenedGeneral-PurposeBucketBucketteetharereshapedasSuper-Vteethforsmoothpenetrationandhigherproduction.Bushingsareutilizedatbothendsofabucketpintoeliminateclearances,preventingjerkyoperation.3.StrengthenedH-BucketforHeavy-DutyTheheavy-dutybucketisreshaped,andbucketpartsarestrengthenedtoincreasedurability.12.EnhancedOperatorComfortThespaciouscabisergonomicallydesignedwithexcellentvisibilitytoreduceoperatorfatigueandburden.ExcellentVisibilityTheglasswindowsarewidenedforexcellentvisibility,especiallyimprovingrightdownwardviewduringtravelandexcavation.AmpleFootSpaceFootspaceisexpandedforward,andpedalsarereshapedforpleasantoperation.Short-StrokeLeversFingertipcontrolofshort-stokelevers,withthehelpofarmrests,allowslong,continuousoperationwithlessfatigue（30%reductioninlevercontroleffort）.Comfort-DesignedOperatorTheoperatorseatisergonomicallydesignedforlong-hourpleasantoperation.Theseatbackiswidenedtoholdtheoperatorsecurely,andtheheadrestisreshaped.Theoperatorseatisstrengthenedtoreducevibrationandshocks,andincreasedurability.Fluid-FilledElasticMountsThecabrestsonfluid-filledelasticmountsthatabsorbshocksandvibrationtoenhanceoperatorcomfort.LargeMultilanguage,MultiFunctionMonitorThelargecolorLCDmonitor,teamedupwiththerearviewcamera(optional)onthecounterweight,givestheoperatorunobstructedrearwardview.Thissystemenhancessafetyduringswingandreversing.13.SimplifiedMaintenanceFocusingonsimplifiedmaintenance,includingeasyinspection,serviceandcleaning.SimplifiedCleaningaroundEngineTheradiatorandoilcoolerarelaidoutinparallelarrangementforeasydemounting,insteadofconventionalinlinearrangement.Thisnewarrangementsignificantlyhelpsfacilitatecleaningaroundtheradiaterandoilcooler.DualMainFuelFiltersProvidedStandardInadditiontoapre-filter,dualmainfuelfiltersareprovidedstandardtoreducecloggingofthefuellinetotheengine.EasyDrainingTheengineoilpanisfittedwithadraincoupler.Whendraining,anassociateddrainhoseisconnectedtothedraincoupler.Unlikeacock,thedraincouplerisreliable,avoidingoilspillsandvandalism.AutomaticLubricationThefrontattachmentisautomaticallylubricated,exceptforbucketlubricatingpointsatthetopofarmthatarerepositionedforsidelubrication.ExtendedHydraulicOilFilterChangeIntervalsHydraulicoilfilterchangeintervalsareextendedfrom500hoursto1000hourstohelpreducerunningcosts.14.EnvironmentalPreservationBoardingacleanenginecomplyingwiththerigorousemissionregulations.EnvironmentallyFriendlyDesignsThecleanenginecomplyingwiththeemissionregulationsStageIIIinEUandTier3inUS(EPA)isboardedtoreduceemissionscontainingnitrogenoxide(NOx)andparticulatematter(PM).2.LowNoiseEngineEnginenoiseisreducedbyapproximately2dBwiththerobustengine.ItgoeswithoutsayingthattheenginemeetstheEUnoiseregulations.3.Variable-SpeedFanTheenginecoolingfanisalarge1120mmdiametervariable-speedelectro-hydraulicfan.Thisfanautomaticallystartswhentemperaturecomesintothehightemperaturerange,ensuringlownoiseoperation.4.ProvenMufflerAprovenlargemufflerisprovidedtoreducesoundandexhaustemissionsgreatly.5.MarkingofRecyclablePartsAllresinpartsaremarkedforthesakeofrecycling.Thishelpseasetheseparationofrecyclablewastes。6.ReducingtheBurdentotheEnvironmentLead-freedesignisachievedthroughtheuseoflead-freewireharnesscovering,radiator,oilcoolerandothers.Noasbestosisused.Theuseofaluminumradiator,oilcoolerandintercoolerincreasesthedurabilityofthemachine.7.BiodegradableHydraulicOilDegradablehydraulicoilisecological,whichisdecomposedintowaterandcarbondioxideinwaterandground.15.EnhancedSafety1.CRESIICabTheCRESIIcabisdesignedtohelpwith“justincase”protectionfortheoperator.Safetyincaseoftippingisimproved.Thecabtopcanwithstandnine-foldloading.2.H/RCabTheH/RcabutilizesthereinforcedfrontwindowandFOPSattheroofforprotectionagainstfallingobjects.Thefrontglasswindow,madeofstraight-laminated,isfixedtoshutoutdirtanddebris.ThecabprovidedwithafullguardsatisfiestheOPG(LevelII)cabrequirementsstipulatedbyISO.3.NewPilotControlShut-OffLeverTheenginecannotstartunlessthelockleverislockedcompletely.Thispreventsunintendedrapidlurchingbyunintendedtouchingacontrollever.2中文翻译

液压挖掘机液压挖掘机图片基本概念挖掘机是一种由铰接臂杆（动臂和斗杆）、铲斗和安装于履带或轮式底盘上的转盘（一种旋转平台）所组成的工程机械（车辆）。挖掘机是在蒸汽铲的基础上自然发展起来的。重型挖掘机的历史始于1835年，当时发明了拉铲式挖掘机用于开挖坚硬的土石方及装载卡车。当然，随着汽油机和柴油机车辆的发明，工程机械也变得越来越适用。虽然在一些专用设备上使用了电力驱动、蓄电池驱动和丙烷气罐，然而大多数工程机械仍然依靠柴油机驱动。客户要求推动着设计的改进。自从2000年以来，客户所期望改进的两个主要方面为操作方便性和操作舒适性。操作简单的要求迫于在市场中很难找到熟练操作人员的事实。由于电子技术、自动化、高性能发动机技术、在线诊断技术的不断集成，操作性和可靠性均得到了不断的改进。目前，制造商在进行各种成本效益方面的改进。应用1234567891.挖掘装载2.石方工程3.采掘工程4.岩石破碎5.铺设管道6.起吊重物7.整理边坡8.疏通水道9.清理作业4.组成与特点1）总体结构1.柴油机及液压系统2.行走支承机构3.回转机构4.工作装置总成5.转向操纵系统2）主要部件柴油机及液压系统：1.柴油机2.液压泵行走支承机构：1.主机架2.履带3.导向轮4.履带台车架5.最终传动装置（液压马达与驱动链轮）工作装置总成：1.铲斗2.铲斗连接件3.铲斗油缸4.斗杆5.斗杆油缸6.动臂7.液压管路8.动臂油缸9.斗齿通用铲斗：1.抗扭增强钢管2.两边侧板3.斗底增强耐磨板条4.切削刃转向操纵系统：1.驾驶员座椅2.扶手3.操纵控制手柄4.操纵踏板5.行走操纵杆6.工况监视器7.仪表控制台5.典型液压系统1.液压泵2、4.分配阀组3.单向阀5.速度限制阀6.液压缸7、8.行走液压马达9.双速阀10.回转液压马达11.动臂油缸12.辅助油缸13.斗杆油缸14.铲斗油缸15.背压阀16.冷却器17.滤油器6.尺寸规格1.海运高度2.海运长度3.尾部摆动半径4.滚轮中心距离5.履带长度6.离地间隙7.轨距8.运输宽度9.驾驶室高度10.配重离地间隙7.工作范围1.最大挖掘深度2.最大水平移动距离3.最大挖掘高度4.最大装载高度5.最小装载高度6.最大水平切削深度7.最大垂直挖掘深度8.小型挖掘机特点新型铲斗系列进行了改进设计，具有更大的斗容量、更强的破碎力和更好的垂直挖掘。安装于动臂上和驾驶室前方的标准照明灯提供了最佳的夜间视觉。为避免损坏和停机，沿杆臂安全布置液压缸软管。为快速处理附件和更换零件，在机器外部连接动臂和斗杆软管。动臂左、右独立摆动，以适应侧向挖掘。特殊的挖掘环境需要专业的挖掘机械，即使在15°的坡道上也可进行垂直挖掘作业。底盘进行了铸铁棱边强化，几乎不可损坏。这种重型保险装置可在碰撞事故中保护机械部件。9.典型液压挖掘机新技术1)简介日立ZAXIS-3系列新一代液压挖掘机具有一系列技术特点：清洁发动机，先进的日立液压技术，坚固耐用的行走底盘和工作装置附件，以及功率与速度的良好匹配。ZAXIS-3系列挖掘机所具有的生产率、寿命和可靠性得到了检验证实，特别是在重型挖掘和采石场作业更加适用。以较低的燃料消耗获得更大的生产能力是新型发动机和液压系统研究的目标。2)先进的液压技术1.挖掘力增加。铲斗挖掘力增加7%，杆臂挖掘力增加8%。2.加速型动臂再循环系统动臂下降与杆臂组合作业时，与常规挖掘机相比较杆臂速度大约可增加15%。动臂油缸底部一端的压力油被输送到动臂油缸的活塞杆一边，以降低动臂，动臂重量加速了降低过程。而在一般情况下，通过使来自液压泵的压力油流入动臂油缸活塞杆一端降低动臂。新系统也可以实现摆动与降低动臂的高效组合作业。3.动臂工作模式选择挖掘机前部工装提升或推移机体的力量大小可通过一个ON/OFF选择开关进行选择。这种选择有助于提高操作舒适性和延长部件工作寿命。大直径前部管路增加杆臂油管直径以减少液压损失（理论上为7%）提高作业速度。动臂与杆臂的组合作业在回转+动臂下降+杆臂外伸的组合作业中，或者在平整作业（动臂下降+杆臂外伸）中，可大大提高杆臂外伸速度。原因在于，在杆臂外伸的组合作业中当需要减少液压损失时，杆臂回路中的可变节流阀将对流量进行调节。新型铲斗再循环系统通过新型的铲斗再循环回路能够加快组合挖掘作业中铲斗的动作。当铲斗上的载荷较轻时，由铲斗油缸活塞杆一端产生的压力油通过再循环阀传输到铲斗油缸底端以便有效利用液压能量。10.加强型行走机构1.回转轴承承载能力增强回转循环滚珠轴承采用了更多的滚珠，使滚圈的承载能力大约提高了6%，即使在重载工况下也能稳定运行。2.强化履带链每一履带链条的凸台直径增加了大约19%。每一履带链条的厚度