压缩机中英文翻译、外文文献翻译、外文翻译

CompressorsThemaindifferencebetweenpumpsandcompressorsisthatthefluiddeliveredbycompressors--air--iscompressedandunderpressureatthetimeitisdelivered,evenifthereisnoloadonthesystem.Mostdevicesusedtocompressairareverysimilarinconceptand--perhapseveninhardware--tohydraulicpumps,andselectionconsiderationsaresimilar.Theonlyothersubstantivedifferenceisthatmosthydraulicsystemsarepoweredbyasinglepumpthatisactuallyapartofthesystem,whereasahostofpneumaticsystemsareoftenpoweredbyasinglecompressor,whichisalmosta"utility"intheplantlikewaterorelectricservice.Nevertheless,manysmallcompressorsareavailableforspecific,discretejobs;typicallytheyarepositive-displacementcompressors.Dynamic,ornonpositive-displacementcompressorsaretypicallylarger,facility-typeunits.Compressorsarefairlysimpledevices,capableoflongperiodsofmaintenance-freeoperationifproperlyintegratedintopneumaticsystems.Yettimeandagaintheysufferfromearlyfailuresbecauseobviousprecautionswereignoredduringsystemdesign.Fourbasicrulescanprovidesubstantialimprovementincompressorlifewithonlymoderatedesigneffort:• Pumpsandcompressorsshouldbesizedtoprovideatleasttherequiredpressureandflow,andpreferably10to25%more.• Filtersshouldbeselectedtoprotectthepumpingunit,andsometimestoprotectdownstreamcomponentsorproductsaswell.• Reliefvalvesshouldbeselectedtokeeppressureorvacuumatappropriatelevels.• Pumpingunitsshouldbeplacedinaclean,cool,dryenvironment.Bellowscompressorsconsistofaweldedmetalbellowsconnectedtoinletandoutletportswithcheckvalves.Thesecompressorstypicallycoverthepressurerangeupto10psig,andareusedinpollutiondetectingandmeasuringdevices,gas-samplinginstruments,andmedicalapplications.Lubricationisnotneeded,allowinghighpuritiestobemaintained.Vanecompressorsaresimplemachineswithfewmovingparts.Liketheirhydrauliccounterparts,vanepumps,thecompressorsareinexpensive,withlowoperatingcost,andlowstarting-torquerequirement.Theyarecompactandrelativelyvibrationfree,withlittlepulsationinthecompressoroutput.Theslidingvanesarecloselyfittedintherotorslotsandwearverylittleduringoperation.Thesecompressorsareavailableinpowerrangesfrom10to500hp,atpressuresto150psi.Reciprocatingcompressorsconsistofapistonmovingwithinthecylindertotrapandcompressthegas.Inprinciple,suchaunitislikeanautomobileengine,withthepistonscompressingthegasandvalvescontrollingitsinletandoutflows.Sizesrangefromlessthan1toover5,000hp.Reciprocatingcompressorshavegoodpartloadefficienciesandareusefulforwidevariationsinoperatingconditions.Diaphragmcompressorsareamodificationofthereciprocatingcompressor.Compressionisperformedbytheflexingofametalorfabricateddiaphragmwhichiscausedbythemotionofareciprocatingpistoninacylinderunderthediaphragm.Thespacebetweenthediaphragmandthepistonisusuallyfilledwithliquid.Lobed-rotorcompressorshavetworotatingelementsthatrevolveinoppositedirectionsinachamber.Inmostcompressors,therotorsdonotactuallytouchanddonotdriveeachother,beingdriveninsteadbytiminggears.Becausetherotorsdonotactuallytouch,airleaksbetweenthematasmallbutconstantrate.Thisleakage,called"slip,"isconstantforagivencompressoratagivenpressure.Forhighestefficiency,thesecompressorsshouldbeoperatedatmaximumspeed.Theyareavailableinpowerrangesfrom7to3,000hp,deliveringpressuresto250psi.Becausetheinternallobesdonotcontact,theyneednolubrication.Liquidpistoncompressorshavenomovingpartsinwearingcontact.Arotorwithmultipleforward-curvedbladesrotatesinanellipticalcasing.Fluid,trappedwithinthecasing,iscarriedaroundtheinnerperipherybytheblades.Spacebetweenthebladeschangesvolumeduetotheellipticalfluidpath,andtheinnersurfaceoftheliquidringtrappedbetweenthebladesservesasthefaceofaliquidpiston.Thesecompressorsacceptliquidslugsandfineparticleswithoutseriousdamage.Lubricationisrequiredonlyinbearingslocatedoutsidethepumphousing.Thesecompressorsdeliverupto150psithroughouttherangeof10to500hp.Centrifugalcompressorsarebestsuitedtomovinglargevolumesofairatrelativelylowpressures.Basically,theyconsistofahigh-speedrotatingimpeller,adiffusersectionwherevelocityisreducedandpressureincreased,andacollectorsectionthatfurtherreducesvelocityandincreasespressure.Centrifugalcompressorscanhandlehighflowdemandswell,butwhendemanddecreasesmuchbelowratedflowandoutputpressurerises,thecompressorscansurge.Insurge,thepressurefieldatthecompressoroutletvariesrandomly.Ifallowedtocontinue,thisconditioncandamagebearings,blades,andeventhehousingitself.Centrifugalcompressorstypicallyusefromtwotosixstages,supplyingfrom400to3,000cfmatspeedsto20,000rpm.Regenerativeblowers(alsoknownasperipheralblowers)useadisclikeimpellerwithbladesmountedarounditsoutsideedge.Astheimpellerrevolves,airisdrawnintothespacebetweentheblades.Centrifugalforcemovestheairinaspiralpathoutwardtothehousing,whereitslipsbytheinitialbladeandreturnstothebaseofthesucceedingblade,wheretheprocessisrepeated.Insomemodels,aflowsplittercreatestwoflowpaths,sothattheairmustmaketwocircuitsaroundtheimpeller.Inothermodels,thesplitterisomitted,andtheairmakesonlyonecircuitbeforeexiting.Regenerativeblowersprovideairflowsupto1,000cfmandpressuresto8psi.Helicalcompressorslookliketwogiantscrewsmeshingtogether;theyworkmuchlikehydraulicscrewpumps.Maximumpressurefromthesemachinesisapproximately125psiinsingle-stageconfigurations.Helicalcompressorsmaybeeitheroilfloodedordry.Dryhelicalcompressors,likelobedunits,requiretiminggearstomaintainproperclearancebetweentherotatingelements.Theseunitsaremostefficientlyoperatedathighcontinuousspeeds.Floodedcompressorsdonotrequireanytiminggears,becausetheoil-ladenscrewsurfacescandriveeachother.However,oilseparatorsareneededtoremovetheoilfromtheairasitleavesthecompressor.Theyareavailableoverapowerrangeofabout7to300hp.Single-screwcompressorsarebasedonthesameprincipleashelicalcompressors.Asthecentralscrewrotates,airtrappedbetweenthescrewteethiscompressedagainstthestar-shapedrotors.Thesecompressorstendtohavelowvibrationandnoiselevels,andlowdischargepressures.Lubricationisrequired.PumpsvacuumpumpsInprinciple,industrialvacuumpumpsaremerelycompressorsrunwiththeinletattachedtothevacuumsystemandtheoutletopentoexhaust.Insmallersizes,compressorsandvacuumpumpsareoftenidenticalmachines.However,inthelargesizesthatmightpoweraplant-widevacuumsystem,themachinesdifferinminorwaysthatareintendedtoenhanceefficiencyforoneapplicationortheother.Manufacturersstronglyadvisethatthesamemachinenotbeusedforbothvacuumandcompressionatthesametime.Theheavyloadswilldamageit.Threecriteriacontrolpumpselection:degreeofvacuumproduced,rateofairremoval,andpowerrequirement.However,applicationssuchasfiltrationmaysubjecttheunittotheingestionofforeignmaterial.Thefirstpumpperformancecriterionisthevacuumitproduces.ManufacturersprovideamaximumvacuumratingexpressedasabsolutepressureinmmHg,orvacuuminin.Hg.Largerunitsareusuallyratedonlyforcontinuousduty,butsmallerunitsmayhaveahighervacuumratingforintermittentduty.Insmallerunits,temperature-riseconsiderationslimitthevacuumthatcanbeproduced.Continuousandintermittentvacuumratingsaredeterminedforstandardatmosphericpressure:29.92-in.Hg.Lowerambientpressuresreducethevacuumthatcanbeproduced.Theratingisdeterminedfrom:whereVa=adjustedvacuumrating,in.Hg;Vo=originalvacuumratingatstandardconditions,in.Hg;andPa=anticipatedatmosphericpressureattheapplicationsite,in.Hg.Rateofairremovalisthesecondcriterion.Vacuumpumpsareflowratedaccordingtothevolumeofairexhaustedwithnopressuredifferentialacrossthepump.Manufacturersprovidecurvesshowingfreeairdeliveryatratedspeedforvacuumlevelsrangingfrom0-in.Hg(so-called"opencapacity")tomaximumvacuumrating.Somemanufacturersalsoprovidecurvesofcapacityatdifferentspeedsforagivenvacuum.Thelastpumpcriterionispowerrequirement.Comparedwithaircompressors,vacuumpumpsrequirerelativelylittlepower.Atlowflows,vacuum(orpressuredifferential)ishigh;athighflows,vacuumislow.Therefore,power,whichisproportionaltoflowandpressuredifferential,isgenerallylow.Poweroutputofthepumpcanbefoundfrompressure-flowcurvesprovidedbymanufacturers.Inputpowerandspeedrequirementsarealsoshowninthedata.Overallpumpefficiency(includingbothvolumetricandmechanicalefficiency)canbeevaluatedbycombiningthisdata.Thisisdonebydividingthefree-aircapacityofthepumpattherequiredvacuumlevelbydrivepowerrequiredatthatcondition.Theresultisproportionaltotheproductofgagevacuumandair-flowrateandisrepresentativeofefficiency.Allthreeperformancecriteria--vacuum,flowandpower--canbeaffectedbypumptemperature.Athighervacuumlevels,littleairflowsthroughthepump,solittleheatistransferredtotheair.Muchoftheheatgeneratedbyfrictionmustbedissipatedbythepump.Thisheatgraduallyraisespumptemperatureandcandrasticallyreduceservicelife.Temperatureexcursionsareespeciallyimportanttointermittent-dutypump,whichcanoverheatifontimegreatlyexceedsofftime.Vacuumpumpsareclassifiedaseitherpositiveornonpositivedisplacement.Apositive-displacementpumpcreatesvacuumbyisolatingandcompressingadistinct,constantvolumeofair.Thecompressedairisventedoutoneport,andavacuumiscreatedattheotherportwheretheairisdrawnin.Thisgeneratesrelativelyhighvacuum,butlittleflow.Anonpositive-displacementpump,ontheotherhand,usesrotatingimpellerbladestoaccelerateairandcreateavacuumattheinletport.Whilenonpositive-displacementpumpscannotproducehighlevelsofvacuum,theyprovidehighflowrates.Principaltypesofpositive-displacementvacuumpumpsincludepiston,diaphragm,rocking-piston,rotary-vane,lobed-rotor,rotary-screw,andliquid-ringdesigns.Reciprocating-pistonpumpsgeneraterelativelyhighvacuums--from27tomorethan29in.Hg--underavarietyofoperatingconditions.Typicalpumpsofthistypehaveoneormorepistonslinkedtoarotatingcrankshaft.Thealternatingpistonactionmovesairpastcheckvalvesinthecylinderheadtocreateavacuumattheinletport.Lubricatedpistonpumpsarequieter,producelessvibration,haveahighercapacity,andfeatureamuchlongerlifethanoillessdesigns,buttheyarealsoheavierandmoreexpensive.Diaphragmpumpsoffertheadvantageofthefluidchamberbeingtotallysealedfromthepumpingmechanisms.Aneccentricconnectingrodmechanicallyflexesadiaphragminsidetheclosedchambertocreateavacuum.Thisresultsinsomewhatlowervacuumcomparedtothatproducedbyareciprocatingpiston.However,thediaphragm'slowercompressionratio--lowflow,largediameter,andshortstroke--makesforquiet,economical,andreliableoperation.Thedesignisavailableinbothoneandtwo-stageversions.Single-stagepumpsprovidevacuumupto25.5in.Hg,whiletwo-stageunitsareratedto29in.Hg.Rocking-pistonpumpscombinethecompactsizeandquiet,oillessoperationofthediaphragmpumpwiththehigh-vacuumcapabilitiesofthereciprocating-pistonpump.Here,apistonisrigidlymounted(nowristpin)ontopofthediaphragmunit'seccentricconnectingrod.Anelastomericcupskirtsthepistonandfunctionsbothasaseal--equivalenttotheringsonapistoncompressor--andasaguidememberfortherod.Thecupexpandsasthepistontravelsupward,thusmaintainingcontactwiththecylinderwallsandcompensatingfortherockingmotion.Theabsenceofawristpinisthekeytothepump'slightweightandcompactsize.Single-stagerocking-pistonpumpsproducevacuumto27.5in.Hg;two-stagedesignscangenerate29in.Hgormoreofvacuum.Rocking-pistonpumpsarealsorelativelyquiet,operatingatsoundlevelsaslowas50dBA.Adrawbacktorocking-pistonpumpsisthattheycannotgeneratealotofairflow.Eventhelargesttwin-cylindermodelshaveflowratesoflessthan10cfm.Rotary-vanepumpsuseaseriesofsliding,flatvanesrotatinginacylindricalcasetogeneratevacuum.Asaneccentricallymountedrotorturns,thevanesslideinandout,trappingaquantityofairandmovingitfromtheinletsideofthepumptotheoutlet.Rotary-vanepumpsusuallyhavelowervacuumratingsthanpistonpumps,inthe20to28in.Hgrange.However,thereareafewexceptions.Sometwo-stage,oil-lubricateddesignshavevacuumcapabilitiesupto29.5in.Hg.Pumpswithrecirculatingoilsystemsreachstillhighervacuums,inthelessthan1-torrrange.Thepumpsofferanumberofadvantages,includinghighflowcapacities,lowstartingandrunningtorquerequirements,vibration-freeoperation,andcontinuousairflow.Novalvesrestrictfloworrequiremaintenanceintherotarydesign.Thecompactunitsarealsoquiet,generatingaslittleas45dBAorsound.Dependingontheapplicationandvacuumlevelrequired,aneconomicalalternativetousingahigh-vacuumpumpistwostandard,stagedrotary-vanepumps.Or,ahigh-volume,low-dutypumpratedforcontinuousdutyof20in.Hgsometimescanbeoperatedatrestrictedairflowor"blanked-off"conditionsforshortperiodsoftimetoprovidehighervacuums.Aswithothertypesofpumpsavailableinbothlubricatedandoillessconfigurations,lubricatedrotary-vanepumpsarecapableofslightlyhighervacuumcomparedtooillessdesigns.Liquid-ringpumpsfeatureamultibladeimpeller,mountedeccentricallyinacylindricalcasethatispartlyfilledwithwater.Astheimpellerrotates,liquidisthrownoutwardbycentrifugalforcetoformaliquidringconcentricwiththeperipheryofthecasing.Duetotheeccentricpositionoftheimpeller,theairspaceintheimpellercellexpandsduringthefirst180°ofrotation,creatingavacuum.Duringthenext180°ofrotation,theairspaceisreduced,dischargingcompressedairandwater.Inadditiontobeingthecompressionmedium,theliquidringabsorbstheheatofcompressionaswellasanypowderorliquidslugsentrainedintheair.Rotary-screwandlobed-rotorvacuumpumpsaretwoothertypesofpositivedisplacementpumps.Neitherlubricateddesignisaswidelyusedasrotary-vaneandpistonpumps,especiallyinsmallersizes.Duetothesizeofthegearsandrotors,bothdesignslendthemselvestolargerinstallations.Arotary-screwpump'svacuumcapabilitiesaresimilartothoseofpistonpumps,withtheaddedadvantageofbeingnearlypulse-free.Twomeshingrotorswithhelicalcontourstrapairasthescrewsturninoppositedirections.Thisactioncreateschambersofdecreasingvolumebehindandincreasingvolumeinfrontoftherotorchambers.Lobed-rotorpumpsbridgethegapbetweenpositiveandnonpositive-displacementunits.Thepumpshaveapairofmatinglobedimpellersthatrotateinoppositedirections,trappingairandwithdrawingitfromthesystem.High-speed,multistagedcentrifugalblowersandregenerativeblowersarethemajortypesofnonpositive-displacementpumps,generallyoperatingathighspeedsandattainingmoderatevacuumlevels.Centrifugalblowers,forexample,areanexcellentchoicewhereonlyintermittentuseisrequired.Tokeepcostsdown,ashort-lifebrush-typeacordcmotorpowerstheseblowers,whicharewidelyusedinvacuumcleaners.Regenerativeblowershavemanyadvantagesbecauseindividualairmoleculespassthroughmanycompressioncycleswitheachrevolutioncomparedtothesinglecompressionperstageformultistagedcentrifugaltypes.Atfirstglance,regenerativeblowersaresimilartorotary-vanepumps,buthaveaspecialbladeandhousingconfiguration.Astheimpellerrotates,centrifugalforcemovestheairmoleculesfromthebladeroottoitstip.Leavingthebladetip,theairflowsaroundthehousingcontourandbackdowntotherootofasucceedingblade,wheretheflowpatternisrepeated.Thisactionprovidesaquasi-stagingeffecttoincreasepressuredifferentialcapability.Thespeedoftherotatingimpellerdeterminesthedegreeofpressurechange.Theendresultisnotaparticularlyhighvacuum--approximately100-in.H2Oinsingle-stagemodels.Butflowcapacityisveryhigh,uptoseveralhundredcfm.Multistageversionsproducehighervacuumlevels,butatlowerflowrates.压缩机泵和压缩机主要区别是：流体被压缩机传送—气体—在它被传送的同时被压缩并处于压力之下，即使系统在没有载荷的情况下。大多数用于空气压缩的装置原理上非常相似--甚至在零部件上-如液压泵，考虑和选择是相同的。它们本质上唯一的不同是大多数的液压系统由单一泵供给能量，并且泵实际上是系统的一部分，而大多数的气动动力系统往往由单一压缩机供给能量，像厂区内的水、电力服务一样它几乎是厂区“公共设施”。不过有许多小型压缩机用于特殊、不连续的工作场合。他们通常是可移动型压缩机。动力型的或非移动型压缩机通常是大型的单元设备。压缩机装置比较简单，如果纳入适当的气动系统则使压缩机能长期维持运转，由于在系统设计中忽视了明显的注意事项导致了压缩机一次又一次的前期故障。只要适度的努力遵循四项基本规则可大大提高压缩机设计寿命：泵和压缩机应该以最低压力和流量来分级，最好在10至25%以上；应选择过滤器来保护泵单元，并且有时也保护下游产品和部件；应选择安全阀来保持压力或真空度在适当的水平；泵单元应安放在一个干净、通风、干燥的环境。波纹管式压缩机：包括金属焊接波纹管，由截止阀连接在进、出端口。这种压缩机主要用于各种压力高达10磅/平方英寸左右，用于污染检测和测量仪器、气体取样工具、医疗设备。不需要注润滑油，因而使其保持在较高的纯净度。叶轮式压缩机：由一些简单的转动零件构成。相对于它们水力的相似物-叶轮泵-来说，压缩机价格便宜,操作成本低和低的开车需求。它们结构紧凑，并且在压缩机输出时相关的自由颤动、压力波动小。滑动的叶轮在转子沟槽中紧密配合并且在操作时很少磨损。这些压缩机可用在动力范围在10至500惠普，压力为150磅/平方英寸。往复式压缩机：由一个活塞在汽缸内移动而吸入并压缩气体。原则上，像汽车发动机一样的单元由活塞压缩气体并且有控制阀控制气体的吸入与流出。尺寸范围规模小于1个调和级数到5000惠普。往复式压缩机具有良好的部分负载效率可广泛用于各种操作条件。隔膜式压缩机：是一种正在改进的往复式压缩机。压缩是由一片有弹性的金属或预制的隔膜它的运动由在隔膜子下的气缸中的往复运动的活塞所引起的。隔膜与活塞之间的空间通常充满液体。叶片-转子式压缩机：有两个旋转元件它们在工作腔中以相反地方向进行旋转。在大多数压缩机中转子实际上并不相互接触而且并不相互驱动,而是由驱动齿轮来间接传动。因为没有实际相互接触它们之间的空气泄漏率很小而且保持恒定。这个泄漏量，被称为“错漏”因为某一特定压缩机有一个特定的压力。为了保持高效率，压缩机应该以最高转速运转。他们可利用在动力范围为7至3000惠普，传送压力达到250磅/平方英寸。由于内部叶片没有相互接触，它们不需要注润滑油。流体活塞压缩机：没有移动部件处于磨损接触。一个带多片向前弯曲叶片的转子在椭圆形外壳中旋转。流体被截留在壳体随着叶片的旋转被带到内部壳体的边缘。叶片之间的空间随着椭圆形通道的改变而改变，并且被截留在叶片之间的液环的内表面被看作流体活塞的表面。这些压缩机可以承受液滴和好的微粒而不产生严重的破坏。润滑油只须注在泵机架外的轴承上。这种压缩机可传送压力高达150磅/平方英寸动力范围为10至500惠普。离心式压缩机：最适合运送大容量压力较低的空气。基本上，他们包括高速旋转叶轮,一个扩散节，在扩散节中流动速度降低但压力增高,还有一个收集部件，在其内部进一步降低速度，增高压力。离心式压缩机可处理高流量需求的井道，但是当需求量大大低于额定流量和压力升高，压缩机将产生喘振。如果产生喘振压缩机出口的压力范围将产生随意的改变。如果任其继续下去，这种情况会破坏轴承、叶片，甚至自己的机架。离心压缩机通常使用二至六级，可供应量为400至3000立方英尺/秒，转速可达20,000转/分。再生式鼓风机（又名环形滑道式鼓风机）：采用了边缘外安装了叶片的推动叶轮。由于这个旋转推动叶轮，空气被吸入叶片之间的空间。离心力使空气呈螺旋形路线离开叶轮室，空气由初始的叶片泄漏并返回低一级的叶片，在这一级这个过程被重复。有些型号一个流程被分离成两个流程途径,因此使空气沿推动叶轮要做两次循环。其它型号，分离被省略了，因此空气在离开时只做一次循环，再生式鼓风机提供空气流速多达1000立方英尺/秒和压力达8磅/平方英寸。螺旋式压缩机：像两根巨大的螺杆啮合在一起；它们的操作很像液压螺杆泵。这些压缩机的单级结构最大压力大约为125磅/平方英寸。螺旋式压缩机可以是有油润滑也可以是无有润滑。无油润滑螺旋式压缩机：像叶片式单元一样，需要传动齿轮使旋转元件保持适当的清洁。这些单元在高速连续不断的操作中的效率非常高。有油润滑式压缩机：不需要任何调整齿轮，因为螺杆表面的石油可以带动对方相互驱动。不过当石油离开压缩机时，需要用石油分离器从空气中分离出石油。他们有较广泛使用的动力范围约为7至300惠普。单螺杆式压缩机：与螺旋式压缩机基于同样的原则。由于主螺杆旋转截留在螺杆旋齿中的空气沿着与星型回转体相反的方向压缩。这些压缩机趋于低振动、低噪音、低排放压力.需要注润滑油。泵真空泵原则上，工业真空泵与压缩机类似，只是它的入口连接在真空系统而出口直接排入大气，在小型号中，压缩机与真空泵往往是相似的机器。不过，在大型号中它们为成套的真空系统提供能量、在中型真空泵方面有所不同它一方面为了提高效率或有其它用途。厂商强烈呼吁在同一机器不能在同一时间同时进行抽真空和压缩。沉重的负载将会破坏真空泵。三个标准来控制泵的选择:抽真空程度，空气采集量和电力需求。不过，由于过滤系统的应用受到对等过滤外来物质的影响。泵性能的第一标准是它所产生的真空度。厂商所提供的最高真空度用毫米汞柱或英寸汞柱绝对压力表示。通常大的单元只用连续负载评定、但是小单元可以用较高的真空度为间歇性负载。在小单元中由于要考虑温度上升补偿因此限制了泵所能产生的真空度。持续或间歇真空度值为标准大气压所确定为:29.92英寸汞柱。较低的环境温度压力将降低泵所能产生的真空度值，数值由下式所确定：

而Va=调整真空度值，英寸汞柱；Vo=标准条件下的原始真空度数值，英寸汞柱；Pa=当地大气压数值，英寸汞柱。第二标准是输送空气值。真空泵额定流量是根据通过泵的没有压力差的排出空气量所决定的。厂商提供的在标准传送速度下的自由空气的真空度级别的显示曲线范围从0英寸汞柱（所谓“开放容量”）到最大真空度值。一些厂家还提供某一给定真空度的不同速度得容量曲线。最后一个泵的标准是功率需求。与空气压缩机相比，真空泵需要较少的功率。在低流量、高真空度（或压差）；在高流量、真空度也是低的。因此，功率-它是流量与压差之间的比例关系，因此它通常也偏低。泵的输出功率可以由厂商提供的压力-流量曲线图中查得。输入功率和需求的速度也显示这些数据中。因此全部泵的效率（包括容积效率和机械效率）可用这些相关的数据进行评价。这一点在划分泵的自由空气容量所需开车功率时所必须的真空度级别时被完成的。除以自由空气的能力水平的真空泵的驱动力所需的必要条件。其