英语选修8教师用书Module1SectionⅠReading（IntroductionReadingandVocabulary）

被称为“最后的大陆”的南极洲还是世界上最后的净土吗？读读下面的文章你会有所感触的！ShiptourismtoAntarcticaisontherise.Morethan35，000touristsareexpectedtovisitAntarcticathissummer.In1992－1993，6，750touristsvisitedAntarctica，accordingtotheAntarcticaTreaty.Allofthistourism，however，isputtingbothtouristsandtheenvironmentingreatdanger.Amongthetouristshipsthatvisitthecontinent，theExplorer，aCanadianship，wasoneofthefirst.Puttousein1969，itwasbuilttocarrytouriststoAntarctica.Lastweek，however，itbecamethefirstmercialpassengershiptosinkbeneaththewaters.Fortunately，allofthepassengersandcrewmemberswererescuedfromtheship.However，thesunkenshipendangeredtheAntarctic'sfragileenvironment.Theshipwasestimatedtobeholding48，000gallonsoffuel.Asanaturalfrontier，Antarcticaisinamessylegalsituation.Therearenoobviousanswersastowhoisresponsiblefordealingwiththethreatthattouristmaycausetohumanlifeandtheenvironment.ThereisnocoastguardforAntarctica.DowewantittobeeDisneyland，ordoweneedsomecontrols?[阅读障碍词]1．mercial adj.商业的2．sink v．下沉；沉没3．fragile adj.脆弱的4．responsible adj.有责任的[诱思导读]根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)1．TourismtoAntarcticaisputtingbothtouristsandtheenvironmentingreatdanger. (T)2．TheExplorer，aCanadianship,wasoneofthefirstshipstocarrytouriststoAntarctica. (F)3．Asanaturalfrontier,Antarcticaisinamessylegalsituation. (T)SectionⅠReading(Introduction&ReadingandVocabulary)Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思()1.explorer A．v.促进，增进()2.annual B．n.探险者()3.balance C．v.储存，留存()4.extreme D．n.深度()5.trap E．adj.商业的()6.promote F．n.块，堆，团()7.state G．n.状态；状况()8.mass H．adj.每年的()9mercial I．v.使平衡()10.depth J．adj.极端的，极度的[答案]1－5BHIJC6－10AGFEDⅡ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思A．踏上B．平均C．尤其D．显眼E．由……组成F．适应G．接近H．以……的形式()1.Herredhairmadeherquitestandoutinthecrowd.()2.Thenewstudentsareveryslowtoadapttotherules.()3.Theywork10hoursadayonaverage.()4.Nomanhaseversetfootonthatrockyisland.()5.Whatplacesdoyouwanttoseeinparticular?()6.Thereisabusstopclosetoourschool.()7.Hemadethesuggestionintheformofaquestion.()8.Ourclassismadeupofsixgroups.[答案]1－5DFBAC6－8GHEAntarctica:theLastContinentAntarcticaisthecoldestplaceonEarth.It'salsothedriest.Withannualrainfallclosetozero①，Antarcticaistechnicallyadesert.Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole②，itisthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld.Ahighmountainrange,theTrans­Antarcticrange,runsfromeasttowest,cuttingthecontinentintwo③.Therearevolcanoestoo,buttheyarenotveryactive.Antarcticaholds90%oftheworld'sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isinafrozenstate,ofcourse.98%ofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap.Onaverageitistwokilometresthick,butinsomeplacesitreachesadepthoffivekilometres.Strongwindsdrivenbygravity(重力)④blowfromthepoletothecoastline,whileotherwindsblowroundthecoast.Itisdifficulttoimagineamoreinhospitableplace.南极洲：最后(一块被发现)的大陆南极洲是地球上最冷的地方，同时也是最干燥的地方。南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约1400万平方公里的面积，是世界第五大洲。一座高耸的山脉横穿南极洲，从东到西将南极洲分成两半。南极洲也有火山，但不活跃。世界上90%的冰都在南极洲，当然南极洲的大部分(70%)淡水也都处于一种冰冻状态。南极洲98%的地表永久地被冰覆盖。冰层平均厚度为2000米，但某些地方厚度可达5000米。受地球重力影响，会有暴风从极地吹向海岸，同时也有其他方向吹来的风。很难想象地球上还有比南极洲条件更为恶劣的地方了。[助读讲解]①Withannualrainfallclosetozero为“with＋宾语＋形容词(短语)”构成的with复合结构，在此处作原因状语。②Coveringabout...theSouthPole为现在分词短语作状语。③cuttingthecontinentintwo为现在分词短语作结果状语。④drivenbygravity为过去分词短语作后置定语。YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichhasadaptedtoitsextremeconditions⑤.Therearedifferenttypesofpenguins,flyingbirds,seals,andwhales.ButthelongAntarcticwinternight,whichlastsfor182days(thelongestperiodofcontinuousdarknessonearth),aswellastheextremecoldandlackofrainfall,meansthatfewtypesofplantscansurvivethere.Onlytwotypesoffloweringplantsarefound,while⑥therearenotreesonthelargecontinent.Therestoftheplantsaremadeupofmosses(苔藓),algae(藻类)andlichen(地衣)．Someformsofalgaehaveadapted(适应)togrowonice.但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。这里有不同种类的企鹅、飞禽、海豹以及鲸鱼。但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在那里生存。这里仅发现了两种开花类植物，而这片大陆上什么树都没有。其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、藻类以及地衣。有些藻类已经适应了在冰上生长。[助读讲解]⑤此处which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词wildlife。⑥此处while意为“而，然而”，作并列连词，表示对比。Mostoftheicehasbeenthereforthousandsofyears.Asaresult,ithasbeeawindowonthepast,andcangiveresearcherslotsofusefulinformation.Gasesandminerals,intheformofvolcanicdusttrappedintheice⑦，cantellusalotaboutwhattheworld'sclimatewaslikeinpastages⑧.Antarcticrocksarealsoveryimportantforresearch.Mostofthemaremeteorites(陨石)fromouterspace.Onerock,knownasthe“Alien”rock⑨，maycontainevidenceofextra­terrestrial(地球外的)life.SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour⑩，theystandoutagainstthewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.南极洲大部分的冰已经有几千年历史了。因此，它已经变成人们了解过去的窗口，可为研究者提供大量有用的信息。这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。南极洲的岩石对于研究来说也很重要。它们大部分是来自外太空的陨石。其中有一块叫作“外星”的岩石，或许能够证明地球以外生命的存在。南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。[助读讲解]⑦trappedintheice为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个限制性定语从句。⑧此处what引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语。⑨knownasthe“Alien”rock为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。⑩此处since引导原因状语从句。Antarcticawasthelastcontinenttobediscovered⑪.ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreekgeographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmassinthesouthwhichbalancedthelandinthenorth⑫.TheycalleditAnti­Arktikos,orAntarctica:theoppositeofArctic.WhenEuropeansdiscoveredthecontinentofAmericainthe15thcentury,thegreatageofexploration(勘查)began.However,progresstotheSouthPolewasslow.Notuntilthelate18thcenturydidtheBritishexplorerJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.Thenin1895,aNorwegiancalledCarstensBorchgrevink⑬becamethefirstmantosetfootontheAntarcticmainland.Theracetothepolehadbegun.Itwasfinallyreachedon11thDecember,1911bytheNorwegianRoaldAmundsen.南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会有一大块陆地来与北边的陆地保持平衡。他们称之为Anti­Arktikos或者Antarctica，意为“与北极相反的”。在15世纪欧洲人发现了美洲以后，大探险时代也随之开始了。然而，到达南极洲的步伐却始终非常慢。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。奔赴南极点的竞赛开始了。最终一名挪威人罗尔德·阿蒙森于1911年12月11日到达南极。[助读讲解]⑪tobediscovered为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰thelastcontinent。⑫此处that引导宾语从句，作believed的宾语；其中包含一个which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词landmass。⑬calledCarstensBorchgrevink为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Norwegian。TodayscientistsfrommanycountriestraveltoAntarcticatostudyitsresources.Aspiritofinternationalfriendshiphasreplacedtherivalry(竞争)thatexistedbetweenmanyoftheearlierexplorers⑭.In1961,atreaty(条约)signedby12countries⑮，includingBritain,France,andtheUSA,madeAntarcticatheworld'sbiggestnaturereserve.Theaimofthetreatyistopreventthemercial(商业的)andmilitaryuseofthecontinent⑯.Inparticular,itaimstokeepAntarcticafreefromnuclear(核的)testsandradioactive(放射性的)waste;topromote(促进)internationalscientificprojects;andtoendargumentsaboutwhoownstheland⑰.Todaycountriesrepresenting80%oftheworld'spopulation⑱havesignedthetreaty.Antarcticahasbeeperhapsthemostsuccessfulsymbolofman'seffortstoworktogetherforprogressandpeace.当今，来自许多国家的科学家到南极洲去研究其资源。一种国际友谊已经代替了一些早期探险家之间的互相竞争。1961年，包括英国、法国和美国在内的12个国家签署了一份条约，使南极洲成为世界上最大的自然保护区。条约的目的在于防止那些将南极洲用于商业以及军事方面。该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。今天代表世界人口80%的国家已经签署了这份条约。南极洲或许已经成为人类为了发展与和平而共同努力的最成功的标志。[助读讲解]⑭此处that引导定语从句，修饰先行词rivalry。⑮signedby12countries为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰treaty。⑯toprevent...为不定式短语作表语。⑰此处三个并列的不定式短语tokeep...，topromote...，toend...作aims的宾语。⑱representing...为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰countries。第一步速读——了解文章主题和段落大意速读P2－3教材课文，匹配段落大意1．Para.1 A．TheAntarcticamainland.2．Para.2 B．TheAntarcticTreaty.3．Para.3 C．Plantsandanimalslivingon Antarctica.4．Para.4 D．ThediscoveryofAntarctica.5．Para.5 E．Agreatplaceforscientificstudy.[答案]1－5ACEDB第二步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案1．Howmuchofthesurfaceiscoveredpermanentlyintheicecap?A．90%.B．70%.C．98%.D．80%.2．HowlongdoesthelongAntarcticwinternightlast?A．12centuries. B．15days.C．11centuries. D．182days.3．WhyaretheAntarcticrockseasytosee?A．Becausetheyarewhitewhilethebackgroundisblack.B．Becausetheyareblackwhilethebackgroundiswhite.C．Becausetheyareusefulwhilethebackgroundisuseless.D．Becausetheyareuselesswhilethebackgroundisuseful.4．WhowasthefirsttolandontheAntarcticmainland?A．JamesCook.B．RoaldAmundsen.C．Greekgeographers.D．CarstensBorchgrevink.5．Whatistheaimofthetreatysignedin1961?A．Topreventthemercialandmilitaryuseofthecontinent.B．TopreventtheresearchintheAntarctic.C．To