Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

LearningObjectivesBytheendofthisclass,youwillbeableto:1.句子的基本成分S（主语）

V（谓语动词）

O（宾语）P（表语）

A（状语）

DO（直接宾语）IO（间接宾语）C（宾语补足语）2.简单句的基本句型·SV

Allofus

laughed!·SVO

I

miss

mygrandma.·SP

Theteacherwaskindandfriendly.·SVIO

DO

He

told

us

afunnystory.·SVOC

I

found

mostofmyclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.·SVA

He

talked

toomuch.·SVOA

I

had

myfirstmathsclass

atseniorhighschool.·Therebe…

There’s

alottoexploreatseniorhigh.Elementsofsentences句子成分ElementsofasentenceS---subjectV---verbP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement主·谓语动词·表宾补定·状·宾

Subject是叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般位于句首。Subject主语1.Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.简擅长弹钢琴。2.Shewentoutinahurry.她匆匆出去了。3.Fourplusfouriseight.四乘四等于八4.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。5.Smokingisbadforhealth.抽烟对眼睛有害6.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.年轻人应该尊重老年人。7.Whathehassaidistrue.他说的是真的。（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）

（名词化的形容词）（句子）Predicateverb谓语动词（通常称作谓语)

说明主语的动作，放在主语之后,由动词v.充当。（英语句子的灵魂）(1)由单一动词V.做谓语动词WeareChinese.Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.(2)情态V+V原HecanspeakEnglishwell.(3)助V+VSheistalkingwithhersister.Ihaveseen

thismanbefore.谓语VS谓语动词谓语动词

＋

谓语动词后的其他成分

=谓语Sheissingingasong.HecanspeakEnglishfluently.Ihaveseenthismanbefore.谓语动词：主语的动作谓语：主语的动作、状态？主谓要一致ＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They

5.He6.He

7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.havegone.时光飞逝月亮升起来（rise）我们所有人都吃喝他们谈了半个小时他昨天散步了，他正在玩他们走了。Object（宾语）动作的对象或承受者1.Showyourpassport,please.2.Shedidn'tsayanything.3.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.4.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.5.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.6.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.7.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（noun/名词）(pronoun/代词）（todo不定式）（Ving动名词）（sentence句子）(名词化的形容词)(numeral/数词)Object（宾语）动宾：及物动词＋宾语

介宾：不及物动词＋介词＋宾语Heisplayingthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.HelikesdoingTV.Helikes

towatchTV.Wetalkedaboutweather.object↓

IO（承受者）↓

DO（对象）●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.宾语分为直接宾语(directobject)和间接宾语(indirectobject).直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.

Hegaveme

somebooks.直物间人ＳＶ（及物）DO（多指人）IO（多指物）1.She2.She3.He4.He5.I6.I7.I8.He

passedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowed

himherhiswifeyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.

表语(predicative):adj.形容词n.名词numeral数词pp介词短语在系动词后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语“是什么”“怎么样”.Thespeechisexciting.

这个演讲怎么样？——很精彩Theyseem

toknowthetruth.他们怎么样？——似乎知道实情Timeisprecious.时间怎么样？——很珍贵Heisateacher.他是什么？——是个老师I’m

tiredtoday.我怎么样？——我要累死了Thatremains

apuzzle.那里怎么样？——存在疑惑Idon’tfeel

atease.我怎么样？——我感觉不爽That’s

whyhecamehere.那是什么？——是他来这里的原因。Heiszero.Heisazero.Iamten.Iamaten.状态beThedoctorareverypatient.持续keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.变化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.终止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.连系动词（Link-verb）:起连系作用的词语。ＳL（是系动词）Ｐ(表语)1.This2.Thedinner3.He4.Everything5.He6.Thebook7.Theweather8.Hisface

is状态smells感官fell感官looks感官is状态is状态

became变化turned变化

anEnglishdictionary.good.happy.different.tallandstrong.interesting.warmer.red.Attribute定语

Heisaclever

boy.Hisfatherworksinasteel

worker.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’s

sister?Thereisasleeping

babyinbed.Hisspoken

languageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(现在分词)(过去分词)Definition：修饰或限定名词或代词的词、词组或从句boysChineseboysAttribute定语Thegirl

inredishissister.Wehavealotofwork

todo.Thegirl

standingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?Ihavesomething

totellyou.ThemaninfrontofthegateisMr.Li.定语的位置：名词前——前置定语名词后——后置定语状语Adverbial：修饰V.动词/形容词adj./副词adv.或句子，位置灵活，说明“何时,

何地,

如何,为何发生或

程度\频率。状语分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随等状语Thisbookisveryinteresting.Theyareplayingontheplaygroundateight.Irunfast/quickly.Johnoftencametochatwithme．Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Suddenly,Iheardthebirdsingasong.Youprobablyknowmorethanyouthink.adv.副词修饰形容词表程度介词短语表地点副词adv.修饰动词v.表程度adv.副词修饰v.动词表频率todo不定式表目的ving表结果状语从句表条件副词修饰全句表方式adv.修饰动词v.表程度宾语补足语(objectcomplement)用来补充说明宾语的情况：“宾语+宾语补足语”ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（宾语）Ｃ（宾补）1.We2.They3.They4.We5.He6.I7.I8.theykeeppaintedcallmakesaskedsawmakechoose

thetablethedoorsupperhimhimthemmyselfTrump

clean.形容词

green.

形容词

dinner.名词out.副词tocomebacksoon.todo

gettingonthebus.

doingheard.doneastheirpresident.介词短语同位语appositive

对n.或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名词代词从句1．Heisveryhappy.A．宾语 B．表语 C．间接宾语 D．主语2．Imademybrothercrylastnight.A．定语 B．状语 C．谓语 D．宾语3．Hegivesmesomebooks.A．直接宾语 B．谓语 C．间接宾语 D．主语4．Smilingwillmakepeople

thinkyouarefriendly.划线部分在句中作______。A．定语 B．宾语补足语 C．宾语5．They’retalkingabout

howtotakethatwalldown.划线部分在句中作________。A．状语 B．定语 C．宾语6．Doingchoreshelpstodevelopchildren’sindependence.A．状语 B．表语 C．宾语7．IfeltsoembarrassedthatIlefttheparty.划线部分作________。A．宾语 B．宾语补足语 C．表语英语句子的灵魂是？谓语动词verbverb1不及物动词verb2单及物动词verb3双及物动词/授予动词verb4复杂及物动词verb5非动作5大基本句型不及物动词VI：不需要宾语O，就可以独立完成的动作

S＋

V主

谓He

goesaway.他走了。Theboy

iscrying.这个小男孩在哭。I

run我跑步。Everysecond

counts.分秒必争。Thegirl

sleeps.女孩睡觉。Themandied.Thepoorkidraisedbyhisgrandparentssucceded.Herunsquickly.Theylistenedcarefully.Ferminaleft.Astudentisimproving.practice单及物动词

Vt：需要一个宾语O（动作承受者）

I

study

English.我学习英语。I

hate

smoking.我讨厌抽烟。Theyenjoy

dancing.他们享受跳舞。She

iswriting

aletter.他在写信。He

knows

thatheiswrong.他知道他错了。S＋

V＋O主

谓

宾Sheboughtanewcar.Iloveherper-so-na-lity.Ferminalosthercon-fi-den-ce.Theyenjoybal-let.Sheneedsanex-pe-ri-ment.practice双及物动词：需要2个宾语O（动作承受者）

授予动词

You

bought

me

anewdictionary.She

gave

me

anewdress.I

told

him

thesecret.I

sent

them

aletter.授予动词：give,ask,send,teach,tell,buy,offer,provide,supply,pass...S＋

V＋

人IO＋物DO主

谓

间宾

直宾S＋

V＋

人IO＋物DO主

谓

间宾

直宾S＋

V＋物DO＋for/to＋

人IO主

谓

直宾for/to间宾You

bought

me

anewdictionary.She

gave

me

anewdress.I

told

him

thesecret.I

sent

them

aletter.Ibookyouarestaurant.Youboughtadictionaryforme.Shegaveadresstome.Itoldthesecrettohim.Isentalettertothem.Ibookarestaurantforyou.practice我给了她一张教学卡片（flashcard）。他教了我一些学习策略（strategy）。这公司（company）会给你提供一个伙伴（partner）。give—gaveteach—taughtprovide/offerIgaveheraflashcard.Hetaughtmesomestudystrategies.Thecompanywillprovide/offeryouapartner.复杂及物动词：需要1个宾o,＋补充说明We

keep

thetable

clean.我们保持桌子干净。You

mademe

happy.你让我开心。We

thinkyousmart.我认为你聪明。Iheard

himsingingasong.我听见他在唱歌。I

found

mostofstudentsandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.我发现大多数学生和老师很友好且有帮助。S＋

V＋O＋C主

谓

宾

宾补S＋

V＋O＋C主

谓

宾

宾补He

makestheworldbetterplace.Iwishyougoodluck.Love

makespeoplestupid.We

keeptheroomclean.Mymother

askedmetodothedishes.He

mademelie.Idon’tmindhimstayingup.Doyouhearsomeonecrying.Icouldn’tmakemyselfunderstood.n.名词n.名词adj.形容词adj.形容词todo不定式省略to的不定时vingvingdonepracticeIpaintmyroompink.Ihadmyhaircut.Iseemychildrenexchangingtheiropionions.Shedrivemeannoyed.Ferminaallowsustotakenotes.findtheobjectcomplement.找宾语补足语todo不定式adj.形容词done动词过去分词

表被动doing动词现在分词表进行adj.形容词SVOC/SVIODOSVIODOYouboughtme

anewdictionary.SVOCWekeep

thetable

clean.OC转化为主系表Thetableisclean.√IODO转化为主系表Iamanewdictionary.×主谓双宾

不能＋be转化为

主系表主谓宾补

能够＋be转化为

主系表SVOC/SVIODOSVIODOYouboughtme

anewdictionary.SVOCWekeep

thetable

clean.OC位置互换Wekeepcleanthetable.×IODO位置互换.Youboughtadictionaryforme.√主谓双宾

能够互换位置主谓宾补

不能互换位置practiceIgavehimathousanddollars.Theyfoundthemanhonest.WeelectedLiHuaourmonitor.Mybrothersentmealetterlastmonth.Ifoundthefilminteresting.telltheirsentencestructure.分辨SVOCSVIODOSVOCSVIODOSVOC非动作She

isoutgoing.Fermina

looksannoyed.Mr.Yan

looks

frightened.Thecake

tastes

delicious.Iamadesigner.Classtwo

isconfident.practice思考：主谓宾

主系表的区别S＋

L＋P主

系

表状态beThedoctorareverypatient.持续keep,remain,stay,Healwayskeptsilent.像seem,appear,lookHeseems(tobe)verysad.感官feel,smell,sound,tasteThiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.变化become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,runShegrewrichwithinashorttime.终止prove,turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.连系动词（Link-verb）:起连系作用的词语。主谓宾：做什么主系表：怎么样

是什么Miss.Linwasanxious.StudentsinClasstwoarecurious.Ipreparedtheexam.Shoppingonlinebringsusadvantages.SLPSLPSVOSVO谓语动词

verb不及物动词

单及物动词双及物动词/授予动词复杂及物动词非动作1.SV主谓2.SVO主谓宾3.SVIODO主谓双宾4.SVOC主谓宾补5.S（L）P主系表6.SVA主谓状7.SVOA主谓宾状8.特殊句型1：Therebe存现句状语：表示时间

地点

原因

方式

程度等Shesleeps.Shesleepsinthebed.Shesleepsatsix.Shesleepsonthedesk.S＋

V主谓S＋

V＋

A主谓状状语：表示时间

地点

原因

方式

程度等Ihadmyfirstmathclass.Ihadmyfirstmathclassatseniorhighschool.Ihadmyfirstmathclassinthemorning.S＋

V＋O主谓宾S＋

V＋O＋A主谓宾状Exercise——2Activity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：We

laughed.1The100-year-oldschool

lies

inthecentreofthecity.2We

mustact.3Themathshomework

looks

easy.4Theteacher

found

theclassroom

empty.SVSVASVSPSVOCLExercise——2Activity1Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.EXAMPLE：Welaughed.SV5Mymum

bought

me

anewdictionary.6Tom

islookingforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.7Thereis

anEnglishCorneratourschool.8We

had

chemistry

inthenewlybuiltlab.SSVIODOTherebe...VOSVOA8．Choosethecorrectstructureofthissentence“HegaveBettyanicepresent.”A．S＋V＋O B．S＋V＋IO＋DOC．S＋V＋P D．S＋V＋DO＋OC9．“SusieandIfoundtheboyoverthereveryinteresting”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO10．“Ourteachersalwaysmaketheirclasse