高中英语定语从句

TheAttributiveClause定语从句名词n.

代词pron.

动词v.

形容词adj.

副词adv.

单词分类〔词性〕句子成分〔构成句子的各个局部〕主要成分：主语,谓语,宾语,表语次要成分：定语、状语、同位语、补足语

主谓宾表是基础，定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子（同主语）We

studyinNo.5MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancing.宾语表示动作行为的对象名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子（同主语）BothofuslikeEnglish.WhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_______________________isHarryPorter.whoiswearingglasses定语从句关系词的三大作用A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

定语从句一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)

(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫做定语从句HarryPorterisaboy

whohasmagicpower.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why二、用法:Thesearethetrees

which/that

wereplantedlastyear.先行词是人关系代词:

whowhomwhosethat

which先行词是物Thesearethestudents

who/that

wonthefirstplacelastyear.引导定语从句的关系代词Haveatry指出关系代词〔副词〕在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.①who

作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Theman

isspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语②

whom

作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisit

thewoman.分解作宾语③that

可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.④whose

作定语从句的定语

(whose既可以指人，也可以指物).Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语Ihaveabookwhosecoverisyellow.2.which,that的用法which

作定语从句的主语或宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作宾语可省略3.只能用that的情况①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时Tomisthecleverest

boy

thatIhaveeverknown.Thisisthefirst

play

thatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.③

everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等不定代词作先行词时

Everything

thatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.②先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。Thisistheverybook

that

belongstohim.⑤主句已有who或which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.⑥领先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings

thatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.4.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whichThisistheboywith

whomhetalked.Thisistheringon

whichshespent1000dollars.主语宾语定语指人whothatwhom（优先）whothatwhose（ofwhom）指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(ofwhich)指人和物thatthatwhose〔一〕引导定语从句的关系代词21when,where,why关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语whyreason原因状语〔二〕引导定语从句的关系副词1.ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.2.IrememberthedaywhenIfirstmethim.3.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouliedtome?关系副词When=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in,infrontof…)whichWhy=forwhich〔三〕关系副词与介词+关系代词的替代24whenwhen可用in/on/at/during+which

代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.Istillrememberthedayonwhich

Ifirstmethim.whenwhich25where

where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.Thedictionaryistheonlyplace.2.Successcomesbeforework

inthedictionary.Thedictionaryistheonlyplaceinwhich

successcomesbeforework.wherewhich.26ABC1.Americaisthecountry.2.Iwasborninthecountry.AmericaisthecountryinwhichIwasborn.which.whereFBCFulingisthecityinwhichIwasborn.where=AmericanbornChinese=FulingbornChinese27whywhy可用for+which

代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.ThisisthereasonforwhichIwaslateforschool.whywhich.28关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语关系副词在定语从句中作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分〔主语，宾语，定语或状语〕4.假设先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语那么选择关系代词，假设在从句中做状语，那么选择关系副词。Haveyougotit?GrammarPreposition+whichPreposition+whom提醒:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,

关键是判断介词的选择.介词+关系代词3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：1949wastheyearinwhich

theP.R.C.wasfounded.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系That’sthenewspaperforwhich

Iwritearticles.2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhich

I’mnotsure.

注意：

介词+关系代词中关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替.但遇固定词组时，介词一般不作前置Isthisthebook(which/that)youare

lookingfor?

Fillintheblankswith“prep.+which/whom”:1.Areyouinterestedinanysongs_________you’velistened.2.Tomorrowisaparticularday_________hisdaughterwillgetmarried.3.Thisistheknife_________Iusuallycutbread.4.Wecan’tlivewithoutthesun_________wegetheatandlight.5.Thesubject_________Ericisinterestedisphysics.towhichonwhichwithwhichfromwhichinwhich6.Doyouknowthegirl__________ourheadteacherisshakinghands?7.Ican’tfindmydictionary_________Ipaidover$100.8.Thisisthegoodcar_________Ispentallmymoney.9.Sheistheteacher_____________allhisstudentsshowrespect.10.Theteacher_________youhavebeenwaitingiscominginaminute.withwhomforwhichonwhichto/forwhomforwhom

Relativeadverbs

When,where,why

Theusageoftherelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereason状语状语状语

When相当于“介词+关系代词（which）I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.onwhich(=ontheday)=先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导从句来修饰，试比较：☆Doyoustillrememberthedays_________therewasnoelectricity?☆Doyoustillrememberthedays____________wespenttogether?

when

(which/that)从句中缺少时间状语从句中缺少宾语

vt.“when”or“which”?1.Istillrememberthedays________westayedtogetherinBeijing.2.Istillrememberthedays________wespenttogetherinBeijing.3.Istillrememberthedays________weenjoyedourselvesinBeijing.4.Istillrememberthedays________weenjoyedinBeijing.whenwhichwhenwhich

where在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。相当于介词+whichThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich(=inthehouse)=先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导从句来修饰，试比较：Theplace________Lucyonceworkedhasbecomeamuseum.

Theplace______________IvisitedlastweekisinShanghai.

where(which/that)从句中缺少地点状语从句中缺少宾语

vt.“where”or“which”?1.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ilivedyesterday.2.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ivisitedyesterday.3.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ipaidavisityesterday.4.Thatbluehouseistheplace________Ipaidavisittoyesterday.wherewhichwherewhich

Why在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reason相当于“介词for+关系代词（which）Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.forwhich(=forthereason)=先行词是thereason时并非都用whyThat’sthereason_______hewaslate.That’sthereason____________hegaveme.why(which/that)从句中缺少原因状语从句中缺少宾语vt.“why”or“which”?1.Doyouknowthereason________hetoldmethenewslastweek?2.Doyouknowthereason________hetoldmelastweek?3.Doyouknowthereason________hewaslatethismorning?4.Doyouknowthereason________hewaslateforthismorning?whywhichwhywhichwhereTheroom_____heoncelived

isstillthere.2)Theroom_____Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.

ComparisonthatwhyIwillneverforgettheday_____Imetyou.2)Iwillneverforgettheday_____wespenttogether.whenthatThereason_____Idon’tknow

isknowntohim.2)Thereason_____Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.that高考英语语法专题复习---定语从句as1.Herbag,________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.XiaoWang,_________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.Myglasses,____________Ican’tseeclearly,arenowheretobeseen,Thespeed___________wildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.inwhichwithwhomwithoutwhichatwhichThebook__________hepaid10yuaniswrittenbyJ.K.Rowling.Heistheman___________Ithinkyoucandepend.Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.forwhichonwhom

withwhich需掌握的由where引导的特殊定语从句Inordertogetstartedinthiscareer,I’mwillingtoacceptanyposition(职位)______Icanshowmyabilities.定语从句状语从句where

case(情况),situation(情形),

point(程度),occasion(时机)，stage(阶段)…

1.Ioftencomeacrosssomecases______childrenareabusedbyadoptedparents.2.Ioftencomeacrosssomecases__________arelookedintobythepolice.1.Thefamilies_______membersgetalongwellarealwaysharmonious.2.Thefamilies____________consistofmanymembersarebigfamilies.wherewhich/thatwhich/thatwhere1.Wehavegottothepoint_____wehavenothingtosaytoeachother.2.Ican’tunderstandthepoint_____theteacherisexplaining.Bungeejumpingisakindofactivity______couragemattersmorethanstrength.

Bungeejumpingisakindofactivity

______attractsmanyyoungpeople.wherewherethatthat3〕as与which的区别★as一般代替整个句子,作主语或宾语从句那么可以放句首,句中或句尾,表示“正如”，“或像…一样”只放在肯定句中

assbknow

/see/expect/suppose

asisknown/seen/expected/supposedasismentionedasisoftenthecasethesame/such/so/as----asThisisthesamebookasIlost.ThisisthesamebookthatIlost.thesame----as…thesame…that…

这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.asthatas作主语或宾语(定语从句)that不作任何成分(结果状语从句)

such/so----as…such/so…that…

众所周知，地球是圆的。___isknowntoall,theearthisround.=____weallknow,theearthisround.=theearthisround,_______isknowntoall.=____isknowntoallthattheearthisround.=____isknowntoallisthattheearth---AsAsas/whichItwhat★which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一局部或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;表示“这一点，这件事”1_______isknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.2Tomhasmadegreatprogress,

_______madeushappy.比照练习Hecamehereverylate,_______wasunexpected(notexpected).Hecamehereverylate,_______weexpected.whichasHeissuchagoodteacher______everystudentrespectshim.Heissuchagoodteacher______everystudentrespects.I’vefoundthesamepen______Ilostlastweek.I’vefoundthesamepen______youboughtlastweek.thatasasthat1).a.Isawsometrees,andtheleavesof_____wereblackwithdisease.b.Isawsometrees,theleavesof____

wereblackwithdisease.2).Theprofessorisalittleman,onthe

noseof_____thereisapairofglassesb.Theprofessorisalittleman,andnoseof______thereisapairofglassesthemwhomwhichhim

____易混句型1.定语从句与并列句解题点拨:是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。Hehas3sons,noneof_____liveshere.Hehas3sons,butnoneof____liveshere.themwhomIlikethehouse,becausethedoorof___isbeautiful.Ilikethehouse,thedoorof______isbeautiful.itwhichIhavemanybooks,andmostof______areinEnglish.Ihavemanybooks,mostof______areinEnglish.themwhich定语从句的“隔离”现象1)Thewrongyou’vedonetohimisterrible,for_____Ithink

youshouldmakeanapologytohim.A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that2)Thetimeisnotfaraway_____moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.asB.whenC.untilD.beforeImetmybestfriendinthepark______Ispentthewholechildhoodwith.Imetmybestfriendinthepark______Ispentthewholechildhood.Igotane-mailfromSusan,______saidthatshewasgoingabroad.I’mhavingdancinglessonsatthetrainingcenterwithmysister,________isfarawayfrommyhome.I’mhavinglessonsatthetrainingcenterwithmysister,________willbenefitme.whomwherewhichwhichwhich定语从句与强调句之间不可不说的故事1)a.Itisinthisroom_____Ilivedlastyear.b.Itistheroom_______Ilivedlastyear.

2)a.Itwasatseveno’clock_____hewent

toschoolthismorning.b.Itwasseveno’clock_______hewenttoschoolthismorning.thatwherethatwhenItisinthisroom_____Ilivedlastyear.

Itwasatseveno’clock_____hewent

toschoolthismorning.

解题点拨：强调句型：Itis/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它…去掉Itis/was….that/who…,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。Itwastheboy___hadbeeninprison___stolethemoney.

A.who,whereB.that,how

C.who,that