Unit1NatureintheBalanceExtendedreading学案高中英语牛津译林版

B3U1Extendedreading学案重点词汇诠释1getridof摆脱，丢弃，扔掉rid...of使……摆脱或除去beridof摆脱❶Youshouldgetridofthebadhabits.你应该改掉坏习惯。❷It'stimewegotridofalltheseoldtoys.我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。❸Ican'tgetridofthiscough.我咳嗽老是不好。❹Thedentistridhimofthepainbypullingouthisbadtooth.牙医把他的坏牙拔掉，使他摆脱了疼痛。❺Iwantedtoridmyselfoftheburdenofthesecret.我想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。❻Heisridoffever.他不发烧了。单句语法填空/完成句子①Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworld________hunger.②我们必须想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些债务。Wemusttryeverywayto______________________________________．③由于经济原因，车主必须把汽车处理掉，尽管他不情愿。Theownerhadto________________________________forfinancialreasons,thoughhedidn'twanttodothat.2protestvi.反对；抗议vt.坚持声称，申辩n．抗议；反对；抗议书protestagainststh.抗议某事protestthat...坚持说……make/raiseaprotest(against...)(对……)提出抗议❶Manypeoplerosetotheirfeettoprotestagainstthedecision.许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。❷Sarahprotestedthatshedidn'tlietoherteacher.萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。❸Workersareprotesting/makingaprotestagainsthighunemployment.工人们正在抗议高失业率。单句语法填空①Theworkerswentonstrike________(protest)againsttheeconomicpolicyofthegovernment.②Thereisnopointin________(protest).Itwon'thelpmuch.③Thousandsofpeoplecrowdedintothestreet,________(protest)againstthewar.3profitn．利润，收益；好处vi.&vt.收益，得到好处make/earnaprofit盈利AprofitB(A使B获益)＝Bprofitfrom/byA(B从A中获益)❶Theshop'sdailyprofitisusuallyaround500dollars.这家商店每天的利润一般在500美元左右。❷Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubshavebeenrunasbusinesstomakeaprofit.近年来，很多足球俱乐部都进行商业运作，以谋求利润。❸Youwillmakeprogressifyoucanprofitbyyourmistakes.你如果能从错误中吸取教训，就会取得进步的。❹Ihopethelessonwillprofityou.＝Ihopeyouwillprofitfromthelesson.我希望你能从这次教训中获益。完成句子①这家公司的利润在快速增长。Thepany's________________areincreasingrapidly.②读这本书你会受益。Youcanprofit________________readingthebook.③我从他的建议中获益匪浅。Igainedalotof__________________hisadvice.4defence(AmEdefense)n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(1)etosb'sdefence为某人辩护insb.'s/sth.'sdefence为某人/某事辩护indefenceof...为……辩解/辩护(2)defendv.防御；保卫；为……辩护，辩解defendagainst防御defendoneself自卫；自我辩护defendsb.against/from...保护某人免受……；针对……为某人辩护(3)defensiveadj.防御的；保护的；保卫的；戒备的❶Herealisednoneofhisschoolmateswouldetohisdefence.他意识到没有一个同学会挺身为他辩护。❷HehasmentionedthenameofMartinLutherKingindefenceofhisactions.他搬出马丁·路德·金的名字来为自己的行为辩解。❸Thetownwallswerebuiltasadefenceagainstenemyattacks.城墙是为防御敌人袭击而修建的。❹Agooddiethelpsbuildupthebody'snaturaldefence.良好的饮食有助于增强身体的自然抵抗能力。❺Itisimpossibletodefendagainstanall­outattack.防御全面进攻是不可能的。单句语法填空①Allourofficersaretrainedtodefendthemselves________knifeattacks.②Liketheirchildren,parentsareoften________(defence)abouttheirprivatelives.③Wemustmakesurethatthereisnogapinour________(defend)．④Whattalkingpointscanberaised________defenceofthisargument？5processn．过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工，处理intheprocess与此同时，在此过程中intheprocessof(doing)sth.在(做)某事的过程中❶We'reintheprocessofsellingouroldfurniture.我们正在出售自家的旧家具。❷Istooduptosayhelloandspilledmydrinkintheprocess.我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。❸Mostofthefoodwebuyisprocessedinsomeway.我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。单句语法填空①I'mafraidgettingthingschangedwillbe________slowprocess.②Alltheinformationwasthenready____________(process)intofilmnegatives.③Careofthesoulisagradualprocess________whicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.④Morethan100applicationsfortravelvisashavetobe________(process)．6formeradj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的(1)informertimes从前intheformercase在前一种情况下(2)theformer(两者中的)前者(3)thelatter(两者中的)后者Theformer...thelatter...前者……后者……❶Hewasveryhappytoseehisformerfriendsinthebookstore.在书店见到他以前的朋友他很高兴。❷Ofswimmingandfootballhepreferstheformer.在游泳和足球运动中他更喜欢前者。❸AliceandLilyarebothmyclosefriends.Theformerisaclerkinabankandthelatterworksinaband.艾丽斯和莉莉都是我亲近的朋友。前者是银行的职员，后者在乐队工作。单句语法填空/完成句子①Ofthetwoarticles,Iprefer________formertothelatter.②我认为前者不比后者好。Ithink________________________isnobetterthan________________．7officialn．官员，要员adj.公务的，正式的，官方的agovernmentofficial政府官员bankofficials银行职员officiallanguages官方语言anofficialannouncement/statement/permission官方公告/声明/许可makeanofficialvisit进行正式访问❶Morethanoneofficialhasservedthepeopleheartandsoul.不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。❷Inthefarmer'sview,heisagovernmentofficial.在那位农民看来，他是一名政府官员。❸Toourjoy,mydaughter'sapplicationforpromotionhasgotanofficialpermission.使我们高兴的是，我女儿升职的申请得到了正式的批准。单句语法填空/完成句子①Hewasan________(office),inthegovernmentoffice.②Howmanymembershave________(official)registeredintheclub?③Anyone,____________________(不管他是一名官员还是)abusdriver,shouldbeequallyrespected.④Ourfactorydevelopsandmakes________________(办公设备)andteachingfacilities.⑤Insomecountries,thereismorethanone______________________(官方语言)．8consequencen．结果，后果；重要性(1)take/suffer/facetheconsequences(ofsth.)承担/遭受/面临(某事的)后果(2)asaconsequenceof＝inconsequenceof由于(＝asaresultof)(3)asaconsequence＝inconsequence因此，结果(＝asaresult)(4)consequentadj.随之发生的consequentlyadv.结果，因此❶Ifyoustillsticktoyourpointofview,youwilltaketheconsequencesoffailure.如果你仍旧坚持自己的观点，你将会承担失败的风险。❷Asaconsequenceofhuntingtoomuch,avarietyofwildanimalshavediedoutandothersareindanger.由于过度狩猎，很多野生动物都灭绝了，而另一些则处于危险之中。❸Asaconsequence,childrenbeesoreliantontheirparentsthattheyhavenoindependentthoughtsorcreativeideas.结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。完成句子①________________________(由于)hisbeingabsent,themanagerdidn'tsubscribetohisbeingpromoted.②Theproblemofglobalwarmingisveryserious.________________(因此),sealevelhasrisenalittle.③Ibelievethathumancloningiswrong.Ifwetoywithnature,wewillhaveto________________________(承担后果)．重点句型解构1(教材原句)JoiningusinthestudiotonightareJamesSmith,alocalresident...今晚来到我们演播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯……[句式分析]本句用的是一个完全倒装句完全倒装完全倒装的几种情况：(1)分词/形容词/副词/介词短语＋地点状语＋be＋主语当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。❶Standinginsidewerelotsofstrangecreatureswithwhiteskinandlargeblackeyes.(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。❷Atthefootofthehillliesasmallvillage.山脚下有一个小村庄。(2)表示地点/时间/方向/方位等的副词＋谓语＋主语当把副词there,here,out,in,on,up,down,away,back,now,then放在句首加以强调时，其后常用谓语动词go,e,run,lie,stand等，然后再接主语(名词)构成完全倒装。❸Thencamethetimewehadbeenlookingforwardto.我们一直盼望的时刻终于到来了。(3)there＋存在类动词＋主语therebe句型中的be用表示“存在”的动词live,exist,lie,stand,seem,rise,remain,happen,e,go等替代时，构成完全倒装。❹Thereremainsacertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。单句语法填空/完成句子①________(bury)inthesandswasanancientvillage.②Eastofthecity________(lie)ourbeautifulschool,inwhichtherearemanyflowersandtrees.③____________________(出席会议的)scientistsfromallovertheworld.④Onceuponatimethere__________________(有个名医)knownbythenameofHuaTuo.⑤Lookatthelittledog!________________________(它跑过来了)．⑥Attheschoolgate__________________________(坐着一位老太太),waitingtoseehergrandson.⑦中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。There________________________inhighereducationbetweenChinaandAmerica.2(教材原句)We'vebeentakingvariousmeasures,includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,toreducepollutionintheproductionprocess,eventhoughthesemeasuresraiseourproductioncosts．我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。主句使用了现在完成进行时havebeendoing，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去；eventhough引导让步状语从句。eventhough引导的让步状语从句eventhough(＝evenif)意为“即使，纵然，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。❶Eventhough/ifIfailthistime,Iwilltryagain.我即使这次失败了，也会再次尝试。❷Theywon'tgotothepartyeventhough/iftheyareinvited.Itlooksasthough/ifitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨。(陈述语气)Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.(虚拟语气)整个事情我都记得很清楚，就像发生在昨天一样。即学即练完成句子①________________(尽管)theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.②Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,____________(即使)theyaredifferentfromyourown.3(教材原句)Withpollutionlevelsontherise,theNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionmitteeissearchingforwaystofighttheproblem.鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。[句式分析]本句中用到“with＋宾语＋介词短语”复合结构with复合结构“with＋复合宾语”又称“with复合结构”，复合宾语中的宾语由名词或代词充当，宾语补足语由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当。该结构在句中表示状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。具体结构如下：(1)with＋名词/代词＋名词❶Hediedwithhisdaughteryetaschoolgirl.他去世时，女儿还在上学。(2)with＋名词/代词＋介词短语❷Shesaidgoodbyewithtearsinhereyes.她含着眼泪说了再见。❸Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.他头枕着胳膊睡着了。(3)with＋名词/代词＋形容词(强调名词/代词的特性或状态)❹Don'tspeakwithyourmouthfull.嘴巴里塞满食物时不要说话。(4)with＋名词/代词＋副词❺Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.他低着头站在老师面前。(5)with＋名词/代词＋­ed分词(强调名词/代词是­ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生)❻Thegirlstoodtherestill,witheyesfixedonthewall.女孩一动不动地站在那里，眼睛盯着墙。(6)with＋名词/代词＋­ing分词(强调名词/代词是­ing分词动作的发出者或某动作、状态正在进行)❼Iwon'tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因为妈妈生病，我无法去度假。(7)with＋名词/代词＋todo(强调不定式动作尚未发生)❽Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.有这些衣服要洗，我不能出门。单句语法填空①Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthanever________allthelightson.②Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor________(lock)．③Hefeltuneasywiththewholeclass________(stare)athim.④Withthefieldlevelledandirrigationchannels________(control)thevolumeofwater(水量),nosuchproblemaroseagain.⑤Sointheafternoon,withnothing________(do),Iwenttothecinema.⑥________productionupby60%,thepanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Nearlyone­quarterofthe________(住户)intheharborearntheirlivingonthewater.2．Forthosewhoetotheexhibition,theattractionofchinais________(完全地)beyondexpression.3．Itisobviousthattheold________(政策)isabarriertopromotingeconomicgrowthinthearea.4．Itwilltakealongtimeforthecitytorecoverfromtheharmcausedbytheone­week­longviolent________(抗议)．5．Toweringtownwallswerebuiltasa________(防御)againstenemyattacks.6．Thebusinessagreementbrokedownforthepanywasnotlikelytomakea________(利润)onthedeal.7．Itwilltakeaweekorsoforyourapplicationtobe________(处理)．8．Itwasmercilessofthepeopletorubthiskindof________(毒药)onspearstokillwildlife.9．With________(更多的)efforts,youwillmanagetobuildupconfidenceinyourself.10．Itisacustomthatagreatmany________(以前的)pupilswillattendafarewelldinner.11．His________(正式的)visittoBeijingisscheduledtostartonJanuary16thonthelunarcalendar.12．Theskillofmakingandmarketingsnackshashelpedthevillagersgetoutof________(贫穷)．13．Aftertheexperiment,pleasesettheacid________(化学制品)andtoolsaside.14．Sheclappedherhandsindelightafterreadingthearticleon________(回收利用)．15．Itsprangtomindthathecouldlightthe________(树枝)andwarmhimselfup.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Thedrugstorechainisfacedwithan________(economy)problem.2．Inthesummer,weoftengetbittenby________(poison)insects.3．Isendmyapplicationlettertoafirmwhichprofits________sellinggoodsandservices.4．Thebridegroomwhohadgrownupin________(poor)thankedtheguestsfortheirgeneroushelpwhenhewasyoung.5．Theworkersmarchedtoprotest________theannouncement.6．Nancysuggestedattheannualmeetingthatstudentsshouldbetrainedin________(defend)ofsomeattacks.7．Duetoourunawarenessoftheirpolicyontheenvironment,90%oftheplasticbottlesdonotget________(recycle)．8．Wewantedtomakeafire,butdry________(branch)werenowheretobefound.9．Inthesocialorganization,Richardwassenior________anyoneelse.10．Wedon'tallowfarmerstotakeuppandas'habitatas________consequenceoffarmingorotherdevelopment.Ⅲ.单句写作1．即使可能失去一切，我也决定试一试。(eventhough)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．中国依赖外国石油的日子已经一去不复返了。(倒装)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．随着时间的流逝，他意识到诚实的重要性。(with复合结构)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．爱护濒临灭绝的动物和保护森林免遭破坏是我们的职责。(duty)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.课文语法填空ThetopictodayispollutioninNorgate.JamesSmith,1.________localresident,believesthatheavyindustryfactoriescontribute2.________pollution,andtheyhavetogoforhealthandsafetyreasons.VincentBrown,seniormanagerofalocalfactory,arguesthatpeopleshouldpayattentiontotheeconomicbenefitsfactorieshavebroughttoNorgateandthatfactories3.________(create)manyjobsforlocalresidentsandhelpedthecity'seconomygrow.Thefactorieshavebeentakingvarious4.________(measure),includingtheuseofnewtechnologies,5.________(reduce)pollutionintheproductionprocess.JulieArcher,headoftheNorgateEnvironmentalProtectionmittee,saystheyhavetoachieveabalancebetweenenvironmentalprotection6.________economicdevelopment.Theyalsoworktogetherwithotherdepartmentofgovernmenttoensurethatdevelopmentstrategies7.________(follow)inanenvironmentallyfriendlyway.Everyonecanhelpbyfollowingthegoldenrule:reduce,reuseandrecycle.