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European
ElectricityReview
2024
Europe’selectricitytransition
takescrucialstridesforward
2
About
TheEuropeanElectricityReviewanalysesfull-yearelectricitygenerationanddemand
datafor2023inallEU-27countriestounderstandtheregion’sprogressintransitioning
fromfossilfuelstocleanelectricity.ItistheeighthannualreportontheEUpowersector
publishedbyEmber(previouslyasSandbag).Ourdataisfreeandeasilydownloadable,andisavailableatannualandmonthlygranularity.Wehopeothersalsofindthedatausefulfor
theirownanalysis.
Leadauthors
SarahBrownandDaveJones.
Othercontributors
NicolasFulghum,ChelseaBruce-Lockhart,AlisonCandlin,MattEwen,PawełCzyżak,KostantsaRangelova,LeoHeberer,ChrisRosslowe,ReynaldoDizon,JosieMurdoch,HannahBroadbent,PhilMacDonald,SamHawkins,RichardBlack,AdityaLolla,HarryBenham.
Disclaimer
Theinformationinthisreportiscompleteandcorrecttothebestofourknowledge,butifyouspotanerror,pleaseemailinfo@.
CreativeCommons
ThisreportispublishedunderaCreativeCommonsShareAlikeAttributionLicence(CC
BY-SA4.0).Youareactivelyencouragedtoshareandadaptthereport,butyoumustcredittheauthorsandtitle,andyoumustshareanymaterialyoucreateunderthesamelicence.
Copyright©Ember,2024
3
Contents
05Executivesummary
09Chapter1:Pathwaytocleanpower
09Encouragingprogressindifficulttimes
11Chapter2:TheBigPicture
12Insight1:Recordfossilcollapseshowstheshifttocleanpowerinaction
20Insight2:WindandsolararedrivingrenewablesgrowthtowardsREPowerEU
targets
30Insight3:Afterdisruptiontodemand,anincreaseisonthehorizon
36Insight4:TheEUmovestowardsanewmodeofsystemflexibility
45Chapter3:EUElectricityTrends
46ElectricityGeneration:EUElectricityTrends2023
49ElectricityDemand:EUElectricityTrends2023
53PowerSectorCO2Emissions:EUElectricityTrends2023
57Chapter4:EUElectricitySourceTrends
58Solar
62Wind
66Coal
70Gas
74Hydro
78Nuclear
82Bioenergy
4
Contents
86Conclusion
87Supportingmaterials
87Methodology
94Acknowledgements
Highlights
-19%
44%
55TWh
Recordfallgeneration
inbothfossil
andCO2emissions
RecordshareofrenewablesintheEUelectricitymix,over40%forthefirsttime
Recordannualgrowthinwindgenerationpushesitabove
gasforthefirsttime
ExecutiveSummary
Europe'selectricity
transitiontakescrucial
stridesforward
Arecordfallincoal,gasandCO2emissionsin2023lefttheEUwithacleanerelectricitymixthanever,asrenewablestookmajorstepsforward.TheEU'selectricitytransitionisinfullswing.
2023:RecordfallsinEUcoalandgaselectricitygenerationpushpowersectoremissionsdown19%
Annualchange(%)
Coalgeneration
Source:Annualelectricitydata,Ember
Gasgeneration
Powersectoremissions
EMB=R
6
everannualcapacityadditions.Furthermore,windgenerationreachedamajormilestone,
TheEUaccelerateditsshiftawayfromfossilfuelsin2023,withrecordfallsincoal,gasand
emissions.Fossilfuelsdroppedbyarecord19%totheirlowesteverlevelatlessthanone
thirdoftheEU'selectricitygeneration.Renewablesrosetoarecord44%share,surpassing
growth,producingarecord27%ofEUelectricityin2023andachievingtheirlargest
40%forthefirsttime.Windandsolarcontinuedtobethedriversofthisrenewables
surpassinggasforthefirsttime.
Cleangenerationreachedmorethantwo-thirdsofEUelectricity,doublefossil'sshare,ashydroreboundedandnuclearpartiallyrecoveredfromlastyear'slowsalongsidetheincreaseinwindandsolar.
Coalwasalreadyinlong-termdecline,andthattrendresumedin2023.Thetemporary
slowdownincoalplantclosuresduringtheenergycrisisdidnotpreventahugefallincoalgenerationthisyear,withawaveofplantclosuresimminentin2024.Gasgenerationfellforthefourthconsecutiveyear,andascoalnearsphase-outinmanycountries,gaswillbenexttoenterterminaldecline.
Source:Annual'Otherincludes
electricitydata,Ember
bioenergy,otherfossiland
otherrenewables
EMB=R
Inadditiontocleangrowth,fallingelectricitydemandalsocontributedtothedropinfossilfuelgeneration.Demandfellby3.4%(-94TWh)in2023comparedto2022,andwas6.4%(-186TWh)lowerthan2021levelswhentheenergycrisisbegan.Thistrajectoryisunlikelytocontinue.Withincreasedelectrification,thisrateofdemandfallisnotexpectedtobe
repeatedinthecomingyears.ToreducefossilfuelsatthespeedrequiredtohitEUclimategoals,renewableswillneedtokeeppaceasdemandincreases.
7
TheEUisfirmlyonitswaytotransitionfromafossil-basedsystemtoonewherewindandsolararethebackbone.In2023,24%ofhourssawlessthanaquarterofelectricitycomingfromfossilfuels,amajorstepupfromjust4%ofhoursin2022.Asthisshiftbecomesevenmoreevident,sodoestheimportanceofenablersofacleanpowersystem.Alongside
windandsolargrowth,grids,storageanddemandsideresponsewilldeterminethepowersystemofthefuture.
01
02
03
Unprecedentedcollapseincoalandgasgeneration
Fossilgenerationplummetedbyarecord19%(-209TWh)in2023,toaccountforlessthanathirdoftheEU’selectricitymixforthefirsttime.Coalgenerationfell
by26%(-116TWh)toitslowestlevelever(333TWh),makingupjust12%ofthe
EUelectricitymixin2023.Coalgenerationhalvedfrom2016to2023(-327TWh)duetoasimilarriseinwindandsolargeneration(+354TWh).Coalplantclosuresslowedduringtheenergycrisis,butcoal’sstructuraldeclinecontinuesasafifth
oftheEU’scoalfleetwillshutdownin2024and2025.Thecollapseincoaldidnotresultinariseingas.Gasgenerationfellby15%(-82TWh)to452TWh,thelargestannualreductionsinceatleast1990.Thiswasthefourthconsecutiveyearofgasgenerationdecline,withgasaccountingfor17%oftotalEUgenerationin2023.
RecordfallinEUpowersectoremissions
EUpowersectoremissionsfellarecord19%(-157milliontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent)in2023.Thiseclipsedtheprevioushighestannualdropof13%in
2020,whentheCovid-19pandemicstruck.Powersectoremissionshavenow
almostbeencutinhalf(-46%)sincetheirpeakin2007.Elevencountriesachievedtheirlargestemissionsfallsever.Windandsolargrowthwasresponsibleformuchofthedecline,withelectricitydemandalsoplayingasignificantrole.Electricity
demanddroppedby3.4%in2023.Thismeantdemandwas6.4%lowerin2023
thanitwasin2021whentheenergycrisisbegan–justoverathird(38%)ofthefallinthatperiodcanbeattributedtoareductioninindustrialelectricityconsumption
Windpowerexceedsgasforthefirsttime
Windpowersawrecordannualgenerationgrowthin2023of55TWh(+13%).
Thisresultedingenerationfromwindsurpassinggasforthefirsttime.Electricityproducedfromwindwas475TWh,equivalenttoFrance’stotalelectricitydemand,comparedto452TWhfromgas.Thiswastheonlyyearthatwindgeneration
exceededthatofcoal(333TWh)asidefrom2020amidCovid-19impacts.17
GWofwindpowerwasinstalledin2023comparedto16GWin2022,marginallyachievingthehighesteverannualcapacityincrease.However,thisdeploymentrateneedstoalmostdoubletoover30GWperyearto2030iftheEUisto
achieveitstargets.
8
〇4
Windandsolardriverecordshareofrenewables
Forthefirsttime,morethanaquarterofEUelectricity(27%)wasprovidedby
windandsolarin2023,upfrom23%in2022.Thisdroverenewableelectricityto
arecordhighof44%,passingthe40%markforthefirstyearintheEU'shistory.
Combinedwindandsolargenerationincreasedbyarecord90TWhandinstalledcapacityby73GW.Solarcontinueditsstronggrowthwith56GWofadditional
capacityin2023,comparedto41GWin2022(+37%).Butsolarfailedtomatchits2022year-on-yeargenerationgrowth(+36TWhin2023versus+48TWhin2022).TheEU'selectricitysystemcontinueditsshifttowardsonepoweredbywindandsolaras24%ofhourssawlessthanaquarterofelectricitycomingfromfossilfuels,upfromjust4%ofhoursin2022.Grids,storageandotherenablersofsystem
flexibilitywillbeincreasinglycriticalaswindandsolar'ssharecontinuestogrow.
TheEU'spowersectorisinthemiddleofamonumentalshift.Fossilfuelsareplayingasmallerrolethaneverasasystemwithwindandsolaras
itsbackbonecomesintoview.TheenergycrisisandRussia'sinvasion
ofUkrainedidnotleadtocoalandgasresurgence-farfromit.Coalisnearingphase-out,andaswindandsolargrow,gaswillbenexttoenterterminaldecline.Howeveritisnottimetogetcomplacent.TheEUneedsalaserfocusonrapidlydeployingwind,solarandflexibilitytocreatea
systemfreeoffossilfuels.
SarahBrown
EuropeProgrammeDirector,Ember
Chapter1•Pathwaytocleanpower
Encouragingprogressindifficulttimes
Europe’spowersectortransitionmadecrucialprogressin2023astheenergysystememergedfromaperiodcharacterisedbyhighprices
andpoliticalintervention.WhiletheEUstrengthenedrenewables
ambitioninresponse,MemberStatesarenotyetaiminghighenoughforcommonEUgoals,anddeliveryremainstooslow.
Thegascrisisof2022exposedthemanycostsoffossilfueldependency.Itcost
governmentsbillionsofeurosinenergysubsidies,plungedmillionsofEuropeansintoenergypoverty,putglobalenergysecurityatriskanddroveinflationtothehighest
levelsindecades.
Whileconsumersandbusinessesstillstrugglewiththeeconomicfallout,theclimatecrisiscontinuestointensify,with2023thesecondhottestyearonrecordinEurope.Againstthisbackdrop,itisclearthatthetransitiontoaffordablerenewablepower
willhelponmultiplefronts.ThereareencouragingsignsthatEuropeisbolsteringitsambitionandpickingupthepace,butdeliveryisstillnotfastenoughfortheEU’senergygoalsorinternationalclimateobligations.
AswindandsolarpowerreachnewhighsacrossEurope,targetssetbytheEUanditsMemberStateshavebeguntoshifttoreflectafutureenergysystemdominatedby
renewablepower.TheREPowerEUplanforesees72%ofpowergenerationcomingfromrenewablesby2030,upfrom44%in2023.Thisisdrivenbywindandsolar,
whichwilldoublefrom27%in2023to55%in2030.
EUMemberStateshavestartedtorealigntheirNationalEnergyandClimatePlans
(NECPs)withthisfuture,increasingtheir2030windandsolartargetsby45%and
70%respectively,comparedtojustfouryearsago.WhilenotyetsufficienttodeliveronEUgoals,thelatestplansputwindandsolarontracktoproducethemajorityofEUpowerby2030,withwindasthesinglelargestsource.
10
Europe’sdirectionoftraveltowardscleanpowerwasentrenchedfurtherbykeypoliticalstatementsin2023.SeveninterconnectedMemberStatespledgedtodecarbonisetheirpowersystemsby2035,meaning10MemberStateshavenowformallyalignedwiththiscriticalmilestonefornetzero.
Furthermore,Czechia,Europe’sthirdlargestcoalpowerproducer,joinedthePowering
PastCoalAlliance.TheyearconcludedwiththecallfromCOP28totransitionawayfromfossilfuels,includingtheEUadvocatingforthetriplingofrenewablesanddoublingoftherateofenergyefficiencyimprovementsgloballyby2030.Thiscanbeseenasaglobal
recognitionofthesekeytoolsforclimateaction,andplacesevenmoreemphasisontheEUtodeliver.
Heightenedambitionsmeannothingwithoutdelivery.Despitebreakingrecordsin2023,windpowercontinuedtostruggleagainsteconomicheadwinds.Deploymentmust
beacceleratedifEUgoalsaretobeachieved.Theroll-outofsolarpowerisamore
positivestory,withstrongcapacitygrowthmaintainedin2023,butnowisnotthetime
forcomplacency.Thechallengesfacingthepowersectortransitionarecomplexbut
increasinglywellunderstood:fromslowpermittingtooutdatedgridinfrastructureand
vulnerabilitytoglobalsupplychains.Thesecomplexchallengesrequirededicatedaction,guidedbyaclearandunitedvisionforacleanpowersystem.
Thepowersectortransitionmustremainapoliticalfocusin2024inordertoconsolidateandbuildontheprogressmadelastyear.Ahighlyelectrifiedenergysystembased
oncheap,domesticrenewablescanpowerEurope’seconomywhileslashingcarbon
emissions.Rapidprogressisessentialinordertoseizethecommercialadvantages,upholdinternationalclimatecommitments,andexpeditethebenefitsofcheaprenewablesacrossEurope.
Chapter2•Insights
TheBigPicture
Thebiggeststoriesof2023:Fossilpowercollapsedaswindandsolarhitnewrecordsanddemandslumped.Flexibilityemergedaskeyto
steppingupthispowersystemshift.
Chaptercontents
12Insight1:Recordfossilcollapseshowstheshifttocleanpowerinaction
20Insight2:Windandsolararedrivingrenewablesgrowthtowards
REPowerEUtargets
30Insight3:Afterdisruptiontodemand,anincreaseisonthehorizon
36Insight4:TheEUmovestowardsanewmodeofsystemflexibility
12
Insight1:
Recordfossilcollapse
showstheshifttoclean
powerinaction
2023followedanextremelyturbulentyearforEUelectricity.In2022,
hydrogenerationhitarecordlowduetoextremedroughts,andnuclear
generationdroppedtothelowestoutputin30yearsduetounexpectedoutagesatFrenchnuclearplants.Combined,theseleftagapof7%oftheEU'soverallgeneration,pushingfossilgenerationupby2%in2022.Goinginto2023,theexpectationwasthatfossilfuelgenerationwouldrapidlyfalltocorrectforthese.2023didnotdisappoint.
Arecordfallincoal,gasandCO2emissionsin2023lefttheEUwitha
cleanerelectricitymixthanever,amidaprogressingenergytransitionandasustainedresponsetoturbulentconditions.Thetemporaryslowdownincoalplantclosuresduringtheenergycrisisdidnotpreventahugefallin
coalgenerationthisyear,andgasgenerationfellforthefourthconsecutiveyear.
13
RecordfallsincoalandgasasfossilfuelsdropbelowathirdofEUpower
Bothcoalandgasgenerationhadarecordpercentagefallin2023,leadingtoarecord
dropinpowersectorCO2emissionsaswell.FossilgenerationfelltolessthanathirdoftheEU'selectricity(33%)forthefirsttimeever.
2023:RecordfallsinEUcoalandgaselectricitygenerationpushpower
sectoremissionsdown19%
Annualchange(%)
CoalgenerationGasgenerationPowersectoremissions
20
10-
-20
-30
Coalpower
generationfellby
arecord26%in2023、
20102015
2020
20012005
20012005
Gaspowerfell
byarecord15%…
201020152020
20012005
….causingemissions
tofallbyarecord19%
2010
Source:Annualelectricitydata,EmberEMB=R
Coalgenerationfellby26%(-116TWh)to333TWh,thelargestannualpercentage
reductionsinceatleast1990.Asaresult,coaldroppedtothelowestlevelever,belowthepreviousrecordlowin2020(352TWh),morethanerasingtheupticksduringthelasttwoyears(+96TWh).Coalmadeupjust12%oftheEU'selectricityin2023.
Gasgenerationfellby15%to452TWh.Thisisthebiggestannualreductionsinceatleast1990andthefourthyearinarowthatithasdeclined.In2023,gasgenerationwas20%belowthepre-Covidlevelin2019(569TWh),butitwasstillabovethelowestyearon
record.At17%oftheEU'selectricitymix,gasgeneratedmorepowerthancoal(12%)in2023.
Recordfallinpowersectoremissions
Powersectoremissionsfellby19%(-157milliontonnesCO2(MtCO2)),alsoarecordannualdeclineandthelargestdropsinceatleast1990.Itisunusualthatlargereductionsincoalandgasgenerationhappensimultaneously,sincefallsoftenoccurduetoswitchingfromonefueltoanother.Asaresult,2023'semissionsfalleclipsedthepreviousrecord13%
dropin2020amidimpactsfromCovid-19.Powersectoremissionsin2023arenowalmosthalf(-46%)theirpeak,whichoccurredin2007.
14
ElevenEUcountriessetrecordsfortheirbiggestannualpercentagefallsinpowersectorCO2emissions.Ofthese,Bulgariarecordedthelargestfallin2023at44%,primarily
becauseitexportedlesscoalpower.Spain'semissionsfellby25%,dueequallytoariseinsolarandafallinelectricitydemand.Germany'semissionsfellby21%,muchofwhichwasduetoariseinwindandsolarreplacingcoalgeneration(whilstincreasedelectricityimportsmetthefallinnucleargenerationasGermanycloseditsfinalreactors).The
Netherlands'emissionsfellby16%aswindsignificantlyincreased.Czechia'semissionsfellby16%asitwasunabletoexportasmuchcostlycoalgeneration.Poland'sfellby15%ascoalgenerationwasreplacedbyacombinationofmorewind,solarandgas,more
electricityimportsandlowerdemand.
Fossilfellduetoamixoffactors
Fossilfuelgenerationfellbyarecord209TWh(-19%)in2023.Risingwindandsolargenerationcontributedto43%(90TWh)ofthefallinfossilfuelgeneration.Declinesinelectricitydemandaccountedfor45%ofthedrop.
Inaddition,hydrogenerationreboundedsignificantlyin2023(+15%)aftera1-in-500yeardroughthitmainlandEuropein2022.Frenchnucleargenerationalsorecoveredafterhugefallsin2022duetoextendedplantoutages,whichmeantEUnucleargenerationwasup1.5%.
Thesubstantialfallinfossilgenerationwasanticipated.Lastyear,Emberpredicteda20%
(211TWh)dropinfossilgenerationfor2023,comparedtoanactual19%(209TWh)decline
15
Abigfallinfossilgenerationwaspredictedfor2023
Year-on-yearchangeinelectricitygeneration,TWh
■HydroWindandsolarFossilNuclear
2023projectionmadebyEmberinJanuary2023
90
86
100
50
4041
2022demand=
2,809TWh
-50
9
-209
-21100-85
-94
-100
electricitydata,Ember;Embercalculations
bioenergy,otherrenewables,otherfossilfuels
Demand
Actual(2023)
Source:Annual
*Otherincludes
EMB=R
andnetimports
Other*
-25
0
16
WhatEmber'sanalysisdidnotanticipatewasthatthemajorityofthefallinfossilfuelusewouldbefromcoalgeneration.Outofthe209TWhdrop,overhalf(56%,116TWh)wascoal.Gasgenerationwasfarmoreexpensivethancoalthroughout2022,butthisdidnotpersistforlonginto2023,asgasgenerationcostsreturnedtosimilarlevelsascoal.
Europe'scoalphase-outgatherspace
Coalgenerationfellbyarecord26%in2023.However,amidsttheenergycrisis,only4%oftheEU'scoalfleet(4GW)closedfrom2021to2023.Theclosuresofsomecoalpowerplantswerepostponedandasmallproportionofunitscamebackintooperationaspartofemergencyreserves.
Thisisabouttochange.Afifth(21GW)oftheEU'scoalfleetwillclosein2024and2025.
Thisincludes10GWofcoalpowerplantsinGermany,mostofwhicharescheduledto
shutdowninApril2024.In2025,alargenumberofcoalplantswillcloseinltaly,PolandandGreece.Spainwillcloseitsremainingcoalpowerplantsin2025.
17
AfifthoftheEU'scoalplantfleetwillcloseinthenexttwoyears
EUcoalcapacity(GW)
20%oftheEU'scoalplantfleetwillcloseoverthenexttwoyears
4%fallincoalcapacity
inthe2yearsto2023
150
EUcoalcapacityclosures(GW)
2022■202312024■2025
Germany
Italy
Poland
Spain
100
50
Pri
23
ons
0
2010
2015
2021
25
Source:BeyondFossilFuels:EuropeanCoalPlantDatabase,Ember
Greece
Denmark
Romania
Finland
Slovakia
Austria
Slovenia
calculations
2468
EMB=R
TheseclosurescontinueapatternofstructuraldeclineforcoalintheEU,alongsideashifttorenewables.EUcoalgenerationhashalvedsince2016(-49.5%).Coalgenerationfellby327TWhfrom2016to2023,comparedtoariseinwindandsolargenerationof354TWh.Thehalvingofcoalcanbecompletelyattributedtotheriseinwindandsolargeneration.Coalsdeclinedidnotleadtohighergasgeneration:evenascoalgenerationhalved,gasgenerationshowedaslightfall(-3%)since2016.
AscoalnearsitsenddateacrosstheEU,thenextbigshiftwillbeawayfromgas.In
manycountries,coalhasbeenalmostphasedout,soasthebuild-outofwindandsolar
acceleratesgasgenerationwillalsobegintofall.Thisisespeciallytrueinthekeygas
burningcountriesofltaly,SpainandtheNetherlands,whichaccountedforhalf(51%)oftheEU'sgasgenerationin2023.Across2023,theshareofcoalinthesecountrieshadfallento5%,1.5%and7%respectively;inmultiplehourstherewasnocoalgenerationrunning.
18
WindandsolarhavepushedoutcoalinItaly,SpainandtheNetherlands.Gaswillbenext
TWh
GasCoalWindandsolarOther
ItalySpainNetherlands
300
200
100
0
20162023201620232016
EMB=R
Source:Annualelectricitydata,Ember
2023
19
TheEUhasmadehugestridesinitselectricitytransitionin2023,withfossilfuelsnow
makinguplessthanathirdoftheEU’selectricity.Theslowdownofcoalplantclosures
duringtheenergycrisisdidnotpreventasubstantialfallincoalgenerationthisyearandthecoalphase-outcontinues.Gasgenerationhasfallenforthelastfourconsecutive
yearsanditsdeclinelookssettogatherpace.Asfossilfuelsgetpushedfurtheroutoftheelectricitymix,emissionswillfallatafasterpacetowardstheEU’s2030reductiontargets.
20
Insight2:
WindandsolararedrivingrenewablesgrowthtowardsREPowerEUtargets
Forthefirsttime,morethanaquarterofEUelectricity(27%)camefrom
windandsolarin2023,with10countriesabovethislevel.Windandsolar
droverenewableelectricitypastthe40%markforthefirstyearinEU's
historyaswell,reaching44%ofEUelectricitygenerationin2023.
21
Theshareofrenewableelectricityincreasedby14percentagepointsinthelastseven
years,butthispaceneedstoalmostdoubleoverthenextseventoreachthe72%of
generationtargetproposedinREPowerEU.Therenewablesgrowthsince2017hascomefromincreasedwindandsolargeneration,withbioenergystagnantandhydrodecliningoverthesameperiod.
Windandsolararegrowing,butpacemustincrease
In2023,windgenerationgrewby55TWh(+13%)andsolarby36TWh(+17%)comparedto2022.Combined,windandsolarachievedtheirhighestyear-on-yearincreaseonrecord.Andwindexceededitspreviouspeakannualgrowthof45TWh(+17%)in2017by8TWh.
However,afteranexceptionalyearin2022,solargenerationgrowthwaslowerin2023
by25%,droppingfrom48TWhto36TWh.Andwhilewindgenerationgrowthwasstrongin2023,ithasbeeninconsistentoverthepastdecade.Thisisconcerning,becauseto
reachtheEUs2030climatetargetsandstayontrackfor1.5C,thepaceofwindandsolardeploymentneedstobeaccelerating.
22
Source:Annualelectricitydata,Ember,EuropeanCommissionREPowerEUmodelling.
EMB=R
Afixedpercentagegrowthpathwayforwindandsolarisassumed,startingfrom2022andreaching2030generationvaluesfromEuropeanCommissionmodelling
WindandsolargrowthneedstoacceleratetoreachEUrenewablestargets
EUelectricitygenerationfromwindandsolaragainsttargets(TWh)
TotalgenerationAnnualchange(actual)Annualchange(neededtoreachtargets)
SolarWind
Pathwayto
REPowerEU
1000
500
0
20152020202520302015202020252030
PathwaytoREPowerEU
Wind'sstrongperformancein2023ledtoanimportantmilestone:windalonesurpassed
EUgaspowerforthefirsttime,reaching18%ofelectricitygeneration(475TWhcomparedto452TWhforgas).2023wasalsothefirstyear(otherthanCovid-19-impacted2020)
whenwindelectricityexceededcoal(333TWh).TheEU'stotalinstalledwindcapacitygrewby17GW(+8%)in2023upto219GW.
Source:AnnualOtherincludes
electricitydata,Ember
bioenergy,otherfossiland
otherrenewables
EMB=R
23
Still,evenwind’s13%rateofgenerationgrowthisnotenoughtomeettheREPowerEUtargetsthatwouldrequireatleast15%yearlyincreasesinwindelectricitygeneration,consistentlyuntil2030.
Wind’sfutureisstilltobedetermined
Severalriskfactorshavehistoricallynegativelyimpactedwindpowerdeployment,and
couldagain.Thefactormentionedmostoftenislongpermittingtimesexceedingfour
yearsinalmostallEUcountriesforonshorewind,andtwicethatormoreforoffshorewind.Meanwhile,theindustryhasbeenflaggingariseincostsacrossthesupplychainandtherehavealsobeenreportedtechnicalissueswithsomewindturbines.
However,thereweresomepositiveindicationsforwindin2023.Thefirstoffshorewind
auctionwasresolvedinLithuania,LatviaannouncedapotentialincreaseinitsfirstoffshorewindfarmcapacityELWINDandGermanauctionsawarded7GWofoffshorewind
projects.Alsopositively,inalong-awaitedmove,thePolishgovernmentchangedthe
veryrestrictiveonshorewinddistancinglawandtheHungariangovernmentissendingpositivesignalsaboutasimilarlegislativechangeaswell.
2024willbeadefiningyearforoffshorewind,witharecord50GWofoffshorewindduetobeauctioned.Theresultsoftheseauctionswillindicatejusthowimportant,ornot,offshorewindwillbetoEurope’senergyfuture.
Despitefears,solarisgoingstrong
Recentconcernsforsolardeploymenthaveinc
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