高中英语选修6-unit2-Grammar-虚拟语气

GrammarSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气虚拟语气在‘if’条件句中的用法虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法shoulddo虚拟语气其他句型的用法SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气213

虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

didwereshould/would/could/might+dohad+doneshould/would/could/might+have+doneshould/would/could/might+do1.should+do2.did3.wereto+do1.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.IfI_________(know)moreaboutgivingfirstaid,I_______________(help)themwhentheaccidenthappened.2.IfI______(be)aman,I___________(run)forpresident.3.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthesidedoor?—No,ifhe_______(have),he_____________________(notbreak)thewindowofthelivingroom.hadknowncouldhavehelpedwerewouldrunhadhadwouldn’thavebroken虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

.

虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

didwereshould/would/could/might+dohad+doneshould/would/could/might+have+doneshould/would/could/might+do1.should+do2.did3.wereto+doIftheweather(be)finer,thecropsgrowingstillbetter.Ifyou(follow)theteacher’sadvice,you(notbe)inthehospital.hadbeenwouldbehadfollowedwouldn’tbe2.假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.

Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?注意：

在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.

A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI典型例题now，thinking：哪些特殊结构和if条件句有相同的动词形式？Suppose/supposingthat…Evenif/though…Supposeyouhadalotofmoney,whatwouldyoudowithit?Evenifyouhadalotofmoney,youcouldn’tlendhim.同类用法：3.without和butfor/that构成虚拟。=ifitwerenotfor…=ifithadnotbeenfor…Without

sunlight,people’slifedifferentfromtoday.Butfor

yourhelp,Ithework.Butfor

water,itimpossibletoliveinthedesert.wouldbewouldn’thavefinishedwouldbeItisstrangethat_______________________.他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。Itisagreatpitythat___________________.他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。Itisnaturalthat___________________________.鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。

1、It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+thatClause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形he(should)saysohe(should)thinksoabird(should)restintrees虚拟语气在从句中的用法:shoulddo22.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持______________两个命令______________三个建议__________________________四个要求__________________________这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。从句中的动词使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。

insistorder,command

advise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desireIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、说明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalsatonce.obeywasbesent3.Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe___(be)ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireImakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.

Mysuggestionisthatwe〔should〕gothereatonce3、在Itis/wassuggested/ordered/demanded/proposed/etc.结构中要使用虚拟语气。如：

It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Itisorderedthatallthetroops(should)withdrawthreemilesaway.根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。Itisarrangedthathe_____________________.照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。Itissuggestedthat___________________________________________.有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。leaveforCanadaonFridaytheEnglisheveningbeheldonSaturday4,Forfearthat/incase/lest

唯恐，以免

〔Should〕doHegotupearlyforfearthatheshouldmisstheflight.

Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.

Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.

Itishightimethat__________________.该是我们吃午饭的时候了。Itistimethat______________________.该是他作出决定的时候了。五、Itis(high)timethat

wehadourlunchhemadeuphismind虚拟语气不同于ｉｆ条件句的用法３.Wish/asif/Ifonly引导的宾语从句中的虚拟语气与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来

事实相反

过去时〔were〕had+过去分词would/could/might+动词原形1.IwishIabird.(现在)2.IwishI〔ｍａｄｅ〕suchamistake.(过去)3.Wewishourparentspunishus.(将来)werehadn’tmadewouldn’tTheboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.A.asthough

B.evenif

C.as

D.since

由ifonly〔要是……，那该多好啊！〕引导的惊叹句。IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！

Ifonlyitstoppedraining！比较ifonly与onlyifonlyif表示"只有"；ifonly那么表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。

Iwakeup__________thealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。

___________thealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。

onlyifIfonlyIwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.Iwouldrather___________________.我宁愿他们明天来。

Themanagerwouldratherthathissecretary_______________________________.经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。

四、wouldrather后的宾语从句wouldratherthat与现在事实相反过去时与过去事实相反

过去完成时与将来事实相反

过去时theycametomorrowwenttothemeetinginsteadofhim．某些简单句的固定句型:Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!

Mayyousucceed!

LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!虚拟语气在其他结构中的用法Multiplechoices1.Itwasurgentthathe_________herimmediately.A.callsB.calledC.callD.wouldcall2.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.mustbedoneB.wasdoneC.bedoneD.weredone3.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontime.

A.wouldbeB.hadbeen

C.shouldbeD.wouldhavebeen4.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI___there.

A.

was

B.

were

C.

hadbeen

D.

went5.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.

A.

give

B.

shouldgive

C.

begiven

D.

wouldbegiven6.Itisstrangethatsuchathing___inyourschool.

A.

willhappen

B.

happens

C.

shouldhappen

D.

happened7.I’dratheryou___rightaway.

A.

leave

B.

left

C.

willleave

D.

toleave8.Itisrequiredthatyou____atsix.A.willarrive

B.arrive

C.arrived

D.wouldarrive9.IfonlyI_____howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.hadknown

B.wouldknow

C.shouldknow

D.knewExercisesI

1.You___tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcome B.cameC.wouldhavecome D.shouldhavecome2.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI___.”A.had B.did C.have D.will3.Hereissomemoneyincaseyou___it.A.needsB.needC.neededD.willneed4.Hedemandedthattheclassroom___atonce.A.shouldclean B.cleanC.shouldhavebeencleanedD.becleaned5.Butforyourcarelessness,we___.A.shouldhavesucceededB.hadsucceededC.wouldhavesucceededD.succeeded6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken7.Jane’sfacesuggestedthatshe_____ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_____amedicalexamination.

A.be;shouldhaveB.was;have

C.shouldbe;had

D.was;has8.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.havebeen

D.hadbeen

9.IwishI_____themeetinglastweek.

A.couldattendB.attended

C.haveattendedD.couldhaveattended10.Mysuggestionisthatwe____thesportsmet.

A.wouldputoff

B.shouldputoff

C.puttedoff

D.beputoff

11.Itisnecessarythatourdrinkingwater_____cleaner.

A.shouldbemade

B.ismade

C.wouldbemade

D.wasmade12.Don’tcomethisafternoon.I’dratheryou_____tomorrow.

A.come

B.tocome

C.came

D.willcome

13.Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_____before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinishedII.根据括号内的提示将以下句子补充完整。1.HadInotseenitwithmyowneyes,I____________________(都不会相信的).2.IfIshouldbefreetomorrow,I__________________(会和你一起去).3.Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,you__________________(现在一切都好了).wouldbeallrightnowwouldn’thavebelieveditwouldgowithyo